w C-REX WORKING PAPER SERIES w NO. 3 / 2017 Right-Wing Extremists and anti-Islam Activists in Norway: Constraints against Violence Tore Bjørgo and Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik, Norwegian Police University College and Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX), University of Oslo C-REX - Center for Research on Extremism The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence Published December 2017 Editorial board/Editor Professor Tore Bjørgo Professor Katrine Fangen Professor Torkel Brekke Associate Professor Inger Skjelsbæk Deputy Director Anders Ravik Jupskås Publisher Center for Research on Extremism, The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence, University of Oslo Center for Research on Extremism:The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence (C-REX) www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english University of Oslo P.O.Box 1097 Blindern 0317 Oslo Norway Email:
[email protected] Right-Wing Extremists and anti-Islam Activists in Norway: Constraints against Violence Tore Bjørgo and Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik1 Norwegian Police University College and Center for Research on Extremism: The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence (C-REX), University of Oslo Contact:
[email protected] Given the abundance of violent ideologies and rhetoric among different strands of right-wing extremism and anti-Islamism in Norway, most activists never engage in actual violence and most of them distance themselves from violent methods. Even some of those with very extreme views have some limits to the kinds of violent acts they would actually commit. What restrains most of these activists from engaging in actual violence? Whereas most research on radicalisation processes focus on those few who actually engage in terrorist violence, the large majority of people who radicalize into accepting violence as a legitimate option but for various reasons never make use of violence.