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2021 Running Shoe Overview

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Running Shoe Overview What’s New, What’s Different, What to Know Ana M. Cafengiu, DPM, ACFAS Fellow, AAPSM Introduction Changes in world affected 2020 running shoe market 50% decrease in sales by April 2020 Then, marked increase in running shoe sales. More than 40% online. 34% increase in outdoor miles - March to September 2020 45% increase in race participation (virtual) - Spring to Fall Introduction By 2021… Running as “exercise of choice” Move from gyms and health clubs to solitary running outdoors Triple digit growth in road and trail categories Higher demand for running technology Introduction Current shift from traditional rating of running shoes based on LAST Neutral (underpronator, curved) Cushioned / Mild Stability (semi-curved) Stability / Motion control (overpronator, straight) Focus in 2021 is based on runner’s EXPERIENCE UNDERFOOT Softness, cushion (EVA) Energy, rebound (TPU) Speed (combo foam with nitrogen) Level of personalization — further broken down to neutral or support Introduction Levels of personalization specific for each runner’s needs and which brand fills those needs. Choosing the “right” shoe How does it fit? How does it feel? How does it ride? Not always only one right shoe slowtwitch.com Introduction All major running shoe brands competing to create the fastest, lightest, most comfortable, energy-efficient shoe in the world. The race is on! Objective Brief history of running shoes Anatomy of running shoe and terminology Review key updates for 2021 in major running shoe brands Obtain working knowledge of updates in order to make patient-specific recommendations in daily practice The Running Shoe: A Brief History First pair 200 years ago - leather 1832 Walt Webster created Plimsoles 1852 Foster/Boulton Co. (Reebok) added spikes After WW1 Increased popularity by Goodyear and Dunlop 1892 Rubber sole connected to canvas upper “sneakers” The Running Shoe: A Brief History 1920’s Modern running shoe design Adolf Dassler -short distance (800m) 1948 Dassler Bros. founded Addas 1949 3 stripe design - support 1960’s NB Trackster - first in widths The Running Shoe: A Brief History 60’s-70’s Focus on enhanced traction, shock absorption and prevention of injuries 1970’s Running Boom 1974. Waffle trainer by Nike founder, Bill Bowerman 1976 NASA tech to create “air bags” into soles The Running Shoe: A Brief History 1980’s Focus on midsole technology Nike / Reebok / Adidas Saucony Jazz Trainer Adidas added pedometer Asics silicone gel cushioning 1987. Nike Air Max - first visible air The Running Shoe: 21st Century 2004 Nike Free minimalist movement 2005 Barefoot minimalist 2006 iPod tech 2013 3D tech by New Balance 2015 Super light models (3 oz) The Running Shoe: 21st Century 2004 Nike Free minimalist movement 2005 Barefoot minimalist 2006 iPod tech 2013 3D tech by New Balance 2015 Super light models (3 oz) Anatomy of a Running Shoe Anatomy of a Running Shoe Run Shoe Terminology Heel to Toe Drop aka offset, differential The difference in height between heel and forefoot in an athletic shoe. Measured in mm. Triactive.com Stack Height refers to amount of material between foot and ground runrepeat.com Heel to Toe Drop Between 0 to 14mm in run shoe Zero, Low 1-4, Med 5-8, High 8+ Go-to heel drop for average runner = 10mm NB Fresh Foam V10 Heel to Toe Drop Biomechanics ALTRA Rivera 0 drop Salomon S/Lab Phantasm Brooks Adrenaline 12mm 6 mm Heel to Toe Drop Biomechanics Lower drop Higher drop Promotes forefoot /mid foot Promotes heel strike strike Loads hips and knees more Loads ankles and achilles Slower cadence Improved cadence May be helpful with PF, Achilles May be helpful with ITB, HS, and calf strain knee Increased knee flexion Increased ankle flexion with landing Midsole Materials - Foams What is foam? a soft plastic filled with air bubbles All running shoe midsoles are made from closed cell foams. EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate - most common, durable, heat or cold pressed, layers placed between outsole and footbed, range of densities and forms, soft but not responsive. Standard 1970-2010. PE Polyethylene - made into sheets, cut and laminated, shaped as pads/tongues, waterproof, too soft for underfoot use PU Polyurethane - foam blown into molds, liquid expands and foam air cells fill the molds, can be high density or low (insoles) Midsole Materials - Foams Copolymers to create new foams (2010-2014) TPE Thermoplastic elastomer - copolymer that acts as a rubber but processed like plastic, versatile, stable, good rebound TPU Thermoplastic polyurethane - subset of PU, can be re-molded after solid, blown into molds, durable, heat resistant Pebax Thermoplastic elastomer (Polyether block amide) used as foam or plates, high performance, super light, low energy loss, Nike ZoomX PEBAX What is it? Block copolymer technology: 2 different compounds on same polymer chain Retains performance properties of both. Polyether blocks Polyamide blocks Flexible Lightness Elastic Strength Energy return By changing ratios of blocks and chain lengths, can tailor final polymer to be balanced based on final goal of product. Midsole Innovation Innovation of new foams gives advantage of both Plush Cushioning and Energetic Rebound Nike ZoomX -special form of Pebax Adidas Boost / Ultraboost NB Fresh FoamX, Fuel Cell Saucony PWRRUN Foam Brooks DNA AMP, Zero, Flash, Asics Flytefoam Blast Hoka RMAT, ProFly Mizuno Enerzy Core Altra Ego Under Armour HOVR On Helion Li-Ning Pebax (new co.) Reebok FloatRide -Pebax based Carbon Fiber Plate Reduces energy loss caused by bend at MTPJ during propulsion Curvature of plate creates reaction force at heel to propel runner forward Not new concept but popularized by Nike Vaporfly 4% Breaking 2 From research by Stefanyshin and Nigg Willwacher, and Hoogkamer The Rise of the Super Shoes Nike AlphaFly Next% Saucony Endorphin Pro Brooks Hyperion Elite Adidas Adizero Pro New Balance Fuel Cell RC Elite Asics Metaracer Hoka Rocket X, Carbon X, Carbon Rocket Skechers GoRun Speed Elite Hyper Nike Vaporfly Next% “The fastest shoe on Earth” STATS: In last 2 years 31of 36 wins in 6 major marathons Both men and women marathon record breakers Controversial as “a form of “mechanical doping” and too much of an advantage No longer banned from 2021 Olympics decision by World Athletics. Stricter regulations: only 40mm, 1 plate Nike Vaporfly Next% COMPONENTS Full length carbon plate ZoomX wide forefoot midsole Deep longitudinal grooves in outsole Ultra-light Vaporweave upper 8mm heel drop Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% 2 Advanced version of Vaporfly New engineered mesh upper with padded tongue Forefoot reinforcement Single carbon plate 40mm stack height 8mm heel drop “Returns 85% of energy back” Nike Air Zoom Alphafly Next% Slightly heavier than Vaporfly but increased foam for more cushion New atomknit upper Full ZoomX midsole with single plate Added Zoom Air pods side-by-side (just below plate and above outsole) 40mm height, 8mm heel offset 2021 Summer Olympics Legal Nike ZoomX Invincible Run Lightest and bounciest on market described as “pogo stick on trampoline” First with full length ZoomX midsole, and no plate Comfortable knit upper Neutral for long, slow miles with 9mm drop Durability uncertain Nike React Infinity Run Flyknit 2 Updated Flyknit, improved secure fit, padded collar More stable than Invincible but less speed, high stack with soft foam Increased durability Heel-Toe drop 8.8 women, 7mm men Mainly for long, easy recovery runs Nike Air Zoom Tempo Next% “Everyday version of Alphafly Next% For tempo runs only Replaces the Pegasus Turbo2 2 types of midsole foam, Zoom React back and ZoomX front, air pods, and plate 46mm heel stack, 10mm drop Good for heel strikers New Balance Fuel Cell Nitrogen infused TPU and full length carbon plate High energy return (min 55%) Fuel Cell TC (training & comp) Fuel Cell RC Elite (racing & comp) Fuel Cell TC New Balance Fuel Cell RC Elite Race shoe inspired by NB’s 5280 “The lightest density made with the most energy return” 2 mm less foam in heel and forefoot Lower stack height good for shorter races too Lighter than Endorphin Pro, Alpha Fly, Adizero Pro NB Fuel Cell Rebel 2 Lightweight daily trainer for tempo Highest rebound fuelcell midsole Softer, livelier, energetic version without plate, NDURANCE rubber sole in impact areas, offset lacing 26mm heel, 6mm drop, Great reviews all around - feels like RC Elite, “trampoline -like” New Balance Fresh Foam 1080 Top of the line neutral with Fresh FoamX Hypoknit upper with zonal stretch Redesigned laser engraved midsole Updated ultraheel 8mm drop New Balance Fresh Foam More V3 Super cushioned and lightweight maximalist shoe, competitor to Hoka Bondi Both soft and quick For daily high mileage, ultras 30mm heel height, 4mm drop Heel cup with internal heel pods for locked-in feel New Balance Fresh Foam Vongo V4 Maximum Stability Shoe with cushion Redesigned laser engineered midsole with varus wedge, no needed post 3D printed upper mesh, sock-fit collar 29mm heel stack, 4mm drop Wide fit, good for overpronators New Balance Neutrals 6mm drop FUEL CELL REBEL v2 (intro mid April) 10mm drop FRESH FOAM 880 V11 (Workhorse) 8mm drop FRESH FOAM 1080 V11 (Top of the line) 4mm drop FRESH FOAM MORE V2 (competitor to Hoka) New Balance Fresh Foam Tempo Light weight trainer replaced Fresh Foam Zante Brand new Fresh Foam X midsole, upper outsole, and external plastic heel counter Rubber on RF and FF, not on midfoot Short and mid distances 6mm heel drop (same as Zante) New Balance Tech: FreshFoamX Fresh FoamX laser engraved and lighter than Fresh Foam Data from thousands
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