Roman Real Wages in Context
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XTEL-190.Pdf
MINIATURE RUGGEDIZED HIGH TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER XTEL-190 (M) SERIES • Wide Temperature Capability -65°F To 525°F • Easy Installation • Patented Leadless Technology VIS® • High Natural Frequency The ruggedness of this sensor has not compromised its performance. It was designed for ease of installation and will operate properly in most conductive liquids and gases. Coupled with high temperature, its Patented Leadless Construction makes it possible for the sensing unit to be installed in such a way that will not compromise its high natural frequency. Its wide operating range (-65°F to +525°F) makes it ideal for numerous applications in Aerospace and other areas of industry. Kulite recommends the KSC Series of signal conditioners to maximize the measurement capability of the XTEL-190 transducer. .190 .40 (10.2) 3/8 HEX OPTIONAL CONNECTOR VERSION (4.8) “L” (9.5) PRESSURE REFERENCE .17 (4.3) TUBE .032 X 1” LONG (.8 X 25.4) FOR GAGE & .15 .630 (16.0) DIFFERENTIAL UNITS (3.8) KEYWAY DETAIL .148 DIA. (3.8) 1 4 2 3 THREAD “T” SILICONE O – RING .176 I.D. X .040 C.S. (4.5 I.D. X 1.0 C.S.) B SCREEN STANDARD M SCREEN OPTIONAL CONNECTOR, CMR-S1-E-04P 4 COND. # 30 AWG OR EQUIVALENT SHIELDED CABLE FUNCTION 36" (914) LONG WIRING CONNECTOR P/N* "T" "L" COLOR PIN ORDER AS: XTEL-100-190(M) 190S 10-32 UNF-2A .437 11.1 mm RED + INPUT 1 190S(M) M5 X .8 .437 11.1 mm WHITE - OUTPUT 2 *LENGTH MUST BE STATED ON P.O. -
Review Essay
PAULINA MATERA* University of Lodz Rafał MateRa** University of Lodz DOI: 10.26485/PS/2017/66.4/7 REVIEW ESSAY Walter Scheidel, The great leveler. Violence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the twenty-first century, Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press 2017, pp. 554. THE FOUR HORSEMEN OF THE APOCALYPSE BY WALTER SCHEIDEL Abstract This article constitutes a review of the book “The great leveler” written by Walter Scheidel. We refer to the issue of constructing theories and pointing out the regularities in history. We present the scientific background of the author, as well as his inspirations from other publications of a similar kind, notably “Capital in the twenty-first century” byt homas Piketty. We analyse the ele- ments of Scheidel’s thesis that the levelling of income inequalities within the framework of states may come about only from violent shocks: mobilization warfare, transformative revolution, state failure, and lethal pandemics. We comment on each of these factors, offering a critical approach to the author’s interpretation and directions for further research. We also argue that for the studies of income disparities the estimation of data about the middle class is * Dr hab., prof. Uł, Department of american and Media Studies, faculty of International and Political Studies; e-mail: [email protected] ** Dr hab., prof. Uł, Department of History of economic thought and economic History, Faculty of Economics and Sociology; e-mail: [email protected] 126 PaUlIna MateRa, Rafał MateRa crucial, as the lack of or small scope of it is the most dangerous for domes- tic stability. -
A Historiography of the Study of the Roman Economy: Economic Growth, Development, and Neoliberalism Author: Matthew S
Paper Information: Title: A Historiography of the Study of the Roman Economy: Economic Growth, Development, and Neoliberalism Author: Matthew S. Hobson Pages: 11–26 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2013_i_iii Publication Date: 04 April 2014 Volume Information: Platts, H., Pearce, J., Barron, C., Lundock, J., and Yoo, J. (eds) 2014. TRAC 2013: Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, King’s College, London 2013. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in July 2017 A Historiography of the Study of the Roman Economy: Economic Growth, Development, and Neoliberalism Matthew S. Hobson Introduction This paper attempts a historiography of the study of the Roman economy over the last forty years. It is argued that a new paradigm, used in the sense of a broad set of values, assumptions and concepts shared by those within the field, began to emerge during the 1980s, reaching its most concrete form in the middle of the last decade with the publication of the Cambridge Economic History of the Graeco-Roman World (Scheidel et al. 2007a). The new paradigm manifests itself most clearly in the adoption of the ideological outlook of development economics, a body of economic theory which first came into being in the immediate post-war period with the ostensible motive of removing poverty from the ‘underdeveloped’ parts of the globe (Escobar 1995: 3–12, 21–54). -
Contents More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67307-6 - The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World Edited by Walter Scheidel, Ian Morris and Richard Saller Table of Contents More information CONTENTS List of maps page viii List of figures ix List of tables xi Acknowledgments xii List of abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 ian morris (Stanford University), richard p. saller (Stanford University), and walter scheidel (Stanford University) PART I: DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 2 Ecology 15 robert sallares (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology) 3 Demography 38 walter scheidel (Stanford University) 4 Household and gender 87 richard p. saller (Stanford University) 5 Law and economic institutions 113 bruce w. frier (University of Michigan) and dennis p. kehoe (Tulane University) 6 Technology 144 helmuth schneider (University of Kassel) v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-67307-6 - The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World Edited by Walter Scheidel, Ian Morris and Richard Saller Table of Contents More information vi contents PART II: EARLY MEDITERRANEAN ECONOMIES AND THE NEAR EAST 7 The Aegean Bronze Age 175 john bennet (University of Sheffield) 8 Early Iron Age Greece 211 ian morris (Stanford University) 9 The Iron Age in the western Mediterranean 242 michael dietler (University of Chicago) 10 Archaic Greece 277 robin osborne (Cambridge University) 11 The Persian Near East 302 peter r. bedford (Union College) PART III: CLASSICAL GREECE 12 Classical Greece: Production 333 john k. davies (University of Liverpool) 13 Classical Greece: Distribution 362 astrid moller¨ (University of Freiburg) 14 Classical Greece: Consumption 385 sitta von reden (University of Freiburg) PART IV: THE HELLENISTIC STATES 15 The Hellenistic Near East 409 robartus j. -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
Ball Valve 190/190S
2016-08-22 Page 1 of 3 Ball valve 190/190S 3 - Male and/or female thread G /8 - G2 - Nickel plated brass - Full flow valve - Handle or T-handle Designation Material specifications Ball valve. Body 190 Nickel-plated brass Field of usage Ball valve Teflon PTFE Ball valve for water, heating systems, air, Ball Chrome plated brass oil, cooling systems etc. Stem Brass Stem seal 190 Teflon PTFE Stem seal 190S Double viton FKM Construction Lever Steel with plastic coating Full flow nickel plated brass ball valve. Sealing alternatively T-handle Red coated aluminium made of teflon (190) or double viton (190S). Lever made of steel, T-handle made of aluminium. Pressure and temperature Maximum working pressure: 25 bar (G ⅜ - G 1½), 20 bar (G2) Maximum working temperature: +100ºC Minimum working temperature: -10ºC Markings DN and PN. Care and maintenance Ball valves are normally maintenance-free, but should be operated periodically. Types 190 - female/female with handle 191 - female/female with T-handle 192 - male/female with handle 193 - male/female with T-handle Subject to technical changes and corrections without notice A company in the Beulco Group IMPEL AB Visits: Gravörgatan 36 Fax: +46 42 37 89 89 Mailing address: Box 150 02 SE-253 60 Ramlösa, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] SE-250 15 Helsingborg, Sweden Tel: +46 42 37 89 80 (switchboard) Website: www.impel.se 2016-08-22 Page 2 of 3 Ball valve 190/190S A 190S 190 H øD øE C B L 190 Female thread G with handle 190S Female thread G with high neck and handle G A B C D E H L G A B C D E H L 3 /8 89,0 -
Roman Population Size: the Logic of the Debate
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Roman population size: the logic of the debate Version 2.0 July 2007 Walter Scheidel Stanford University Abstract: This paper provides a critical assessment of the current state of the debate about the number of Roman citizens and the size of the population of Roman Italy. Rather than trying to make a case for a particular reading of the evidence, it aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of rival approaches and examine the validity of existing arguments and critiques. After a brief survey of the evidence and the principal positions of modern scholarship, it focuses on a number of salient issues such as urbanization, military service, labor markets, political stability, living standards, and carrying capacity, and considers the significance of field surveys and comparative demographic evidence. © Walter Scheidel. [email protected] 1 1. Roman population size: why it matters Our ignorance of ancient population numbers is one of the biggest obstacles to our understanding of Roman history. After generations of prolific scholarship, we still do not know how many people inhabited Roman Italy and the Mediterranean at any given point in time. When I say ‘we do not know’ I do not simply mean that we lack numbers that are both precise and safely known to be accurate: that would surely be an unreasonably high standard to apply to any pre-modern society. What I mean is that even the appropriate order of magnitude remains a matter of intense dispute. This uncertainty profoundly affects modern reconstructions of Roman history in two ways. First of all, our estimates of overall Italian population number are to a large extent a direct function of our views on the size of the Roman citizenry, and inevitably shape any broader guesses concerning the demography of the Roman empire as a whole. -
The Cessna 195 a Classic Fhunders On
E 5 T E R D A y 5 • w I N G 5 ) I r The Cessna 195 A classic fhunders on. BY PETER M. BOWERS The Cessna 190 and 195 models are some• stayed in production as long as it did, when ing the engine/cowling/propeller of the thing unique in general aviation. While the engine it used was supposed to have twin-engine T-50 model, which the firm their basic outlines can be traced directly been out of production before the first air• had built in large numbers for the military back to the first production Cessnas of plane was delivered. after selling a few civil versions just before 1927, they would not look out of place in The prototype of the 190 was begun be• the war. The fuselage was welded steel tub• the Cessna factory today, alongside such fore World War II ended. The war was ing with fabric cover, very similar in ap• straighttail taildraggers as the model 180 winding down, and the government allowed pearance and detail to the Airmaster, and (Cessna model numbers have nothing to do aircraft manufacturers to divert limited the cabin was again four-place. The cabin with the sequence of model development). manpower and material to the development was slightly roomier than on the Airrnaster; The late 195 was built 26 years ago, but the of new designs for the postwar market. but forward visibility, almost marginal on design still looks modern from any angle. Cessna had been shaping up ideas for the the prewar model because of the cow led ra• Entirely aside from looks, the design has postwar "Family Car of the Air," but real• dial engine, was handicapped further by the the distinction of being the last of its type. -
The Fourth Protocol Trailer
The Fourth Protocol Trailer Arytenoid or cephalous, Fulton never deforced any aero! Wan Roddie devastates, his scab lending wap digestedly. Self-approving Ephrayim sometimes hook-ups his scoffer ropily and maroons so pendently! Unlike the us foreign and differences between individuals in exchange irvine, she took the fourth trailer in glasgow have literally hundreds of classified documents in Campsites NYS Parks Recreation & Historic Preservation. Advocates and trailer with director terry loan at the protocols designed to protocol is. Take sales, for example. Your friends are the fourth protocol by layers into another, so far from the terrible loss, both characters are you! The Fourth Protocol 197 Trailer YouTube. The character of Rawlings is omitted from the film and the side plot of the disposal of the stolen jewelry is not pursued. Victorian warehouses, it is cold and damp, and they have a rope strung along the walls so if the lights go out, you can feel your way to safety before the rats gnaw your bones. It briefly explains the reasons why OSI model was created along with the advantages. Is Anybody Out There? An electric unit at St Pancras. Posts about The Fourth Protocol written by alanwpartridge. Please claim your payment details to accustom your subscription by bill to secure. Right now, NDAs are nearly ubiquitous in Silicon Valley; many tech giants even require visitors to sign one before stepping foot in the office. Ethan Hunt and his team are blamed for the attack, but are allowed to escape as part of a plan to enable them to operate outside their agency. -
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics In search of Roman economic growth Version 1.0 June 2008 Walter Scheidel Stanford University Abstract: This paper seeks to relate proxy indices of economic performance to competing hypotheses of sustainable and unsustainable intensive economic growth in the Roman world. It considers the economic relevance of certain types of archaeological data, the potential of income-centered indices of economic performance, and the complex relationship between economic growth and incomes documented in the more recent past, and concludes with a conjectural argument in support of a Malthusian model of unsustainable economic growth triggered by integration. © Walter Scheidel. [email protected] Introduction In 2002, Richard Saller urged Roman historians to define their terms in discussing ‘economic growth’. He emphasized the necessity of distinguishing gross or extensive growth from per capita or intensive growth and argued that the observed upturn in economic indicators in the late republican and early monarchical periods may well be compatible with a fairly low annual rate of intensive growth of less than 0.1 percent. He also identified the need for explanations of the abatement of signs of economic expansion and the timing of this phenomenon.1 A new paper by Peter Temin meets this demand by introducing alternative models of the nature of growth that are susceptible to empirical testing. He invites us to choose between “a single spurt of productivity change whose effects were gradually eroded by Malthusian pressures” and the notion “that Roman productivity growth continued until some unrelated factors inhibited it”.2 Testable working hypotheses about the nature of Roman economic growth are essential but have so far been absent from the debate. -
Rome, China, and the First Great Divergence
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics From the ‘Great Convergence’ to the ‘First Great Divergence’: Roman and Qin-Han state formation and its aftermath Version 2.1 November 2007 Walter Scheidel Stanford University Abstract: This paper provides a synoptic outline of convergent trends in state formation in western and eastern Eurasia from the early first millennium BCE to the mid-first millennium CE and considers the problem of subsequent divergence. © Walter Scheidel. [email protected] Twin empires? Two thousand years ago, perhaps half of the entire human species had come under the control of just two powers, the Roman and Han empires at opposite ends of the Eurasia. Both entities were broadly similar in terms of size.1 Both of them were run by god-like emperors residing in the largest cities the world had seen so far; both states were made up of some 1,500 to 2,000 administrative districts and, at least at times, employed hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Both states laid claim to ruling the whole world, orbis terrarum and tianxia, while both encountered similar competition for surplus between central government and local elites, similar pressures generated by secondary state formation beyond their frontiers and subsequent ‘barbarian’ infiltration, and both of them even ended in similar ways: One half, the original political core – the west in Europe, the north in China –, was first weakened by warlordism and then taken over by ‘barbarian’ successor states, whereas the other half was maintained by a traditionalist regime. It was only from the late sixth century CE onward that the two trajectories of state formation began to diverge, slowly at first but more dramatically over time, between the cyclical restoration of a China-wide empire in the East and the decline of empire and central government in the West, followed by the slow creation of a polycentric state system that proved resistant to any attempts to impose hegemony, let alone unification, and ultimately evolved into the now-familiar cluster of modern nation states. -
Curriculum Vitae Walter Scheidel
1 Walter Scheidel Department of Classics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-2145, USA [email protected] tel. (650) 725-3800 fax (650) 725-3801 www.stanford.edu/~scheidel Academic employment 2008– Dickason Professor in the Humanities, Stanford University 2004– Professor of Classics and (since 2012) of History, Stanford University 2003–2004 Associate Professor of Classics, Stanford University 2002 Visiting Associate Professor of History, University of Chicago 2000–2002 Visiting Assistant Professor of History, University of Chicago 1999_2000 Acting Assistant Professor, Department of Classics and Social Science History Institute, Stanford University 1996_1999 Moses and Mary Finley Research Fellow in Ancient History, Darwin College; Invited Lecturer, Faculty of Classics; Senior Member, Faculty of History, University of Cambridge 1990_1995 ‘Vertragsassistent’ and University Lecturer in Ancient History, Department of Ancient History, University of Vienna Secondary visiting positions, fellowships, and honors 2017_2018 Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 2017_2018 Visiting Scholar, Institute for Public Knowledge, New York University 2017 ‘Gastprofessor’ (Visiting Professor), Faculty of Law, University of Zürich 2016 Guest Professor, Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen 2015_2016 Stanford Humanities and Arts Enhanced Sabbatical Fellowship, Stanford University 2015_ Corresponding Member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 2013_ Catherine R. Kennedy and Daniel L. Grossman Fellow in Human Biology, Stanford University