New Orleans Public Library
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History of the NEW ORLEANS PUBLIC LIBRARY WITH ORIGINS dating back to 1843, the New Orleans Public Library has grown from a single French Quarter house with a few volumes into a city-wide system serving all of Orleans Parish with locations spread across the City. The Library has a long and rich history of serving the public by providing access to a wide range of educational, informational, and recreational materials, programs, and activities for all ages. th 19 Century Abijah’s brother, Alvarez Fisk, purchases a substantial collection of books fr om bibliophile 1847 Benjamin Franklin French and places them in the house on Customhouse Street with the intention of carrying out his brother’s wishes. However, he and other supporters of a Wealthy merchant Abijah Fisk leaves his library are unable to secure additional support fr om the City. house, at the corner of Customhouse (now 1843 Iberville) and Bourbon streets to the City of New Orleans, “on condition that it shall be applied to the keeping of a library for the use and benefi t of citizens 1 With Alvarez Fisk’s approval, of said city, and to be used for no other purpose.” city offi cials decide to allow the 1852 Mechanic’s Society to house the Fisk collection. The books are moved into the Society’s new building on Philippa Street A catastrophic fi re destroys (now University Place), and the library fi nally the Mechanic’s Institute opened to the public with a collection of 1 1854 building and its contents, books valued at some $10,000. including the collection gathered by Alvarez Fisk and B.F. French. The structure would be rebuilt, and new books purchased. Satisfi ed with the University’s custodianship 1882 of the collection, the City The Mechanic’s Institute agrees to formally allow the University of building is purchased by the Louisiana to administer the Fisk Library 1881 University of Louisiana, which along with its own collection of books. also unoffi cially assumes responsibility for the collection of books that remain in the library. The University of Louisiana becomes The City Council accepts Fitzpatrick’s plan and passes 1883 Tulane University. Ordinance No. 12,217 CS, “establishing a public library in 1896 the City of New Orleans, and providing for the management of same.” It is called the Fisk Free and Public Library, until a few years later when it becomes known as the New Orleans Public Library. Tulane University asks the City for permission to 1895 move the Fisk Collection 2 to its new campus on St. Charles The New Orleans Public Library opens its Ave. Instead, Mayor John Fitzpatrick doors to the public on January 18 with a proposes that the City Council merge 1897 collection comprised of over 35,000 volumes.2 the Fisk Library and the City Library in order to create a fr ee public library to be housed in St. Patrick’s Hall on Lafayette Square, recently vacated by Criminal District Court. 3 The heirs of tobacco manufacturer Simon 1898 Hernsheim off ered to donate $50,000 to the new library in their father’s memory.3 20th Century The Library relocates temporarily to quarters in a private home at • The City accepts the 1906 1115 Prytania St. Hernsheims’ generous 1902 donation and the gift allows for an immediate purchase of • The Royal Street $10,000 worth of new books. The Library opened remaining money is invested and, in 1907 on November years to come, the interest fr om the Hernsheim 25 at the intersection of Royal Fund allows the Library to continue to enhance and Frenchman streets in the its collection. Marigny neighborhood. • The Library receives a grant fr om Andrew • The Algiers Point Library Carnegie for $250,000 to be used to build a new (now the Cita Dennis Hubbell Main Library and three additional libraries, the Library) opened on December Royal Library, the Algiers Point Library, and the 28 at 725 Pelican Avenue.4 Napoleon Library. 5 4 • The Napoleon Library (now the Children’s Resource Center Library) opened on January 31 1908 at 913 Napoleon Avenue near the intersection of Napoleon and Magazine streets in the Uptown neighborhood. • The Main Library opened on October 15 at Lee Circle.5 5 6 6 The Canal Library opened on The Dryades Library opened on August 26 near the intersection 1911 of Canal and Gayoso streets.6 October 23 near the intersection 1915 of Dryades and Philip streets. This location served as the only library for Afr ican-American patrons fr om its opening until the construction of the temporary 6 Branch Nine in 1946. The Nix Library opened on November 29 at 1401 S. Carrollton Avenue in the 1930 Carrollton neighborhood.7 7 8 • The Alvar Library opened on November 7 at 913 Alvar Street in the Bywater neighborhood.8 1940 • The Library’s fi rst bookmobile began traveling the streets of New Orleans and continued to do so for the next forty years, serving areas far removed fr om Library locations. In late 1979, aft er several years of declining use, the Library Board voted to eliminate this service. 9 • Branch 9 temporarily opened at the Valena C. Jones Elementary School on June 12 at 1901 North Galvez Street Mr. and Mrs. Harry Latter 1946 in the Seventh Ward. When school resumed in the fall, purchased the mansion at 5120 St. Branch 9 moved into two converted army surplus huts on a vacant lot at 1948 Charles Avenue with the intention the intersection of St. Bernard Ave. and N. Prieur Street. This location of transforming it into a public library as a was the second Afr ican-American only library until all libraries were memorial to their son, Milton, who lost his 9 desegregated in 1954. life at Okinawa during World War II. The • City Archives are transferred to the New Orleans Public Library. Latters purchased the mansion for $100,000 and donated $25,000 for alterations. The City spent an additional $15,000 converting the mansion into a library. The City formally dedicated the building on October 31.10 10 • The Broadmoor Library opened The Norman Mayer Library opened on on April 4 and was located on Washington Avenue. March 27 at 3001 Gentilly Boulevard 1954 This was the fi rst air conditioned public library in 1949 in the Gentilly neighborhood. The New Orleans. Norman Mayer library was constructed with a portion • The Nora Navra Memorial Branch Library was dedicated on May of a $250,000 bequest of Mrs. Norman Mayer in 2. This library was made possible by a donation fr om Nora Navra, memory of her husband.11 an unmarried homemaker who fr equented the Napoleon Library and who died in August 1946. Miss Navra left a major portion of her estate to be divided equally among the American Red Cross, 11 Touro Infi rmary, and the New Orleans Public Library. The Library Board used the donation of $15,181.63 to purchase the lot adjacent to the temporary Branch 9 library and to build a permanent library location in the Seventh Ward. • All Library facilities were desegregated in 1954 under the leadership of Rosa F. Keller, the fi rst female Chair of the Library Board, shortly aft er the Supreme Court’s historic Brown vs. Board of Education decision.12 12 The Robert E. Smith Library opened on April 8 at 6301 1956 Canal Boulevard in the Lakeview neighborhood. This library The Friends of the was named for Mr. Robert E. Smith who New Orleans Public donated the land for the building. 1957 Library was created to provide the Library with volunteer and fi nancial support. 14 15 • The Main Library at Lee Circle closes and reopens at 219 Loyola 1958 Avenue on December 15.13 • The Canal Library closed. • The Royal Library was severely damaged during Hurricane Betsy and was demolished. Today, the 13 1965 site is occupied by the Christopher Inn, a senior housing facility operated by the Archdiocese of New Orleans.14 16 • The Dryades Library closed due to damage by Hurricane Betsy. The building is now the Dryades YMCA.15 The Algiers Regional Library opened on April 19 at 3014 1966 Holiday Drive. This was the fi rst of three regional branches built during the 1960s and 1970s.16 The East New Orleans Regional Library 1968 opened on October 23 at 5641 Read Boulevard. This library brought six day a week service to the The Broadmoor Library was area and became the largest branch closed due to the building’s library location. 1981 signifi cant structural problems. $700,000 fr om the Library budget was redirected to the City’s general fund to help The Broad Library (now the Rosa F. Keller Library 1986 cover shortfalls in other agencies. Due to the & Community Center) opened on November 19 budget issue the Library Board was forced to order the closure 1993 at 4300 South Broad Street. Over 300 people of all library branches. The Business Council of New Orleans attended the dedication of the library which blended the old and and the River Region donated $350,000 to keep the branches new in a way that preserved the integrity of the Hardie-Fattel open. The Business Council also led a campaign to pass a House and included an effi cient and modern library building. dedicated 4-mill property tax which was approved by public vote passed by a 75% margin, which became the Library’s primary source of funding. • The Martin Luther King Library opened on October 14 inside the Martin Luther King School located at 1611 1995 Caffi n Avenue in the lower ninth ward.17 • The Library’s website nutrias.org was launched, one of the fi rst public library websites in Louisiana.