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The Flowering of American Art Pottery

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The Flowering of American Art Pottery Earth into Art The FLowering of American Art Pottery OBJECT GUIDE I. 1876 CENTENNIAL InTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION In the late nineteenth century, American-made art pottery was internationally recognized for its innovation, quality, and beauty. The story of this distinctly American artistic achievement began with the 1876 Centennial International Exhibition in Philadelphia, which celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Mary Louise McLaughlin (1847–1939) and Maria Longworth Nichols (1849–1932)—accomplished china painters in Cincinnati who would become central figures in establishing the American Art Pottery industry—exhibited in the Women’s Pavilion, but it was what they saw in other buildings that would propel their careers forward in unimagined ways. European and Asian firms exhibited superior examples of porcelain and earthenware that captivated fairgoers. Meanwhile, Horticulture Hall, with its displays of exotic and native plants, riveted attention on gardening. Skillfully rendered botanicals would be important subjects in decorating American Art Pottery. 1) Top to bottom: In case: “Japanese Pottery” and Visitors Guide to the “Haviland Faience,” 1876 Centennial Exhibition Published Harper’s Weekly, Philadelphia, 1876 November 25, 1876 Publisher: J.B. Lippincott Newsprint from wood engraving & Co., Philadelphia Engraver: Delorme & Co., (323) active 1870s Photographer: Centennial Photographic Co., 1876–90 (18005) 4) Amateur-decorated porcelain From 1892 to 1896, Knowles (KT&K) II. CHINA PAINTING produced fine porcelain in the style of Back: Ireland’s Belleek but named Lotus Ware to allude to well-regarded Asian works. At the Centennial International Exhibition, the exhibits of Dessert plate, 1903 Consumers were provided the option of painted porcelain from Limoges, France, were a sensation. Painted glazed porcelain purchasing a blank vase they could finish Porcelain—referred to as china after the fine imported Haviland & Company, themselves (left) or one (right) intricately ceramics from Asia—had been in production for more Limoges, France, decorated by the company’s artists. than a century in Limoges. Americans, both amateur 1842–1931 and professional, enthusiastically took up the decoration Decorator: Eleanor Ferguson McKean, Left to right: of imported porcelain. To support the interest in china 1882–1959 painting, decorative art societies and schools began to offer Marks: Haviland / France / Painted glazed porcelain instruction throughout the country. For women, china E. Ferguson 11/2 ‘03 Decorator: Eleanor Mary Louise painting was both an enjoyable pastime and a respectable (2018-018:01) Ferguson McKean, McLaughlin 1882–1959 Photo courtesy of Tom White, way of contributing to household income. In 1877, Mary Cincinnati. Louise McLaughlin published the influential China Painting: Front row, left to right: Marks: E. F. M. / ‘06. / A Practical Manual for the Use of Amateurs in the Decoration [crown] / of Hard Porcelain. To promote women’s work in the industry, she organized the Sauce boat, c. 1890 K. T. K. Co. / [crescent Painted glazed porcelain moon, star] / LOTUS WARE / … Cincinnati Pottery Club in 1879. Maria Longworth Nichols (later Storer), a Maker unknown, Limoges, France (PO-035-71) member of a prominent Cincinnati family, decided not to join the club but to Decorator: A. L. Kelley form her own pottery. Marks: A. L. Kelley. / FRANCE / Glazed porcelain LIMOGES Marked: [crown] / K. T. K. Co. / Journalist and arts patron George Ward 2) Clockwise from back left: Gift of Gladys C. Trismen [crescent moon, star] / Nichols was married to Maria Longworth (PO-104-81) LOTUS WARE / … 2 Nichols, who founded Rookwood Pottery. 3 China Painting: A Practical Manual for the (PO-035-75) She made the book’s illustrations, basing Use of Amateurs in the Decoration of Hard Pin tray, c. 1910 them on published Japanese drawings. Porcelain, 1877 Painted glazed porcelain 6) Footed bowl, c. 1890 Author: Mary Louise McLaughlin, Tressemanes & Vogt, Limoges France, Painted glazed porcelain 3) Back to front: 1847–1939 1880s–1907 Tressemanes & Vogt, Publisher: Robert Clarke & Co., Marks: T & V / Limoges / France Limoges France, Soup tureen, c. 1890 Cincinnati Gift of Gladys C. Trismen 1880s–1907 Glazed porcelain (3455) (PO-103-81) Unknown amateur decorator, Haviland & Company, American Limoges, France, McLaughlin’s popular 1877 book was Tressemanes & Vogt of Limoges, France, Marks, bowl: T & V / LIMOGES / 1842–1931 followed by ten editions. produced white porcelain blanks for export FRANCE / DEPOSE Marks: H & Co. / L / FRANCE as well as professionally painted porcelain. Marks, stand: T & V / LIMOGES / (18004) Flower Painting for Beginners, 1884 The china craze even spread to the FRANCE Author: Ethel Nisbet, White House, where President Benjamin Gift of Frank McKean This tureen is a glazed “blank” for a active 1882–1916 Harrison’s dinner service was commissioned (PO-008-65:2A,B) decorator to embellish using paint kits. Publisher: Blackie & Son, London from T&V in 1891. After painting, it would be refired at a (3687) 7) Pitcher, c. 1890 low temperature. 5) Vases, c. 1895 Painted glazed porcelain Pottery: How It is Made, Its Shape and Shape No. 500, Parmian Probably Tressemanes & Vogt, Limoges Trade card, c. 1893 Decoration, 1878 Lotus Ware France, 1880s–1907 Haviland & Company, Limoges, Author: George Ward Nichols, Knowles, Taylor & Knowles Company, Unknown amateur decorator, France, 1842–1931 1831–85 East Liverpool, Ohio, 1854–1931 American Printed paper Publisher: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, Gift of Frank McKean Printer unknown, American New York (PO-008-65:1) (3456) (18003) Earth into Art THE FLOWERING OF AMERICAN ART POTTERY III. BARBOTINE POTTERY: 10) Pilgrim vases, 1880 Vase, c. 1879 Glazed earthenware Glazed earthenware “CINCINNATI LIMOGES” McMicken School of Drawing Cincinnati Pottery Club, 1879–93 and Design, Cincinnati, 1869–87 Decorator: Laura A. Fry, 1857–1943 Haviland & Company in Limoges, France, exhibited a John P. Rettig, 1858–1932 and Maker: Frederick Dallas Hamilton new earthenware line it called barbotine at the Centennial Albert Robert Valentien, 1862-1925, Road Pottery, Cincinnati, 1861–82 International Exhibition. Each piece was hand decorated instructors Marks: Cincinnati / Pottery / Club / with colored liquified clay (called “slip”) by artists who Maker: P. L. Coultry & Company, [conjoined LAF] combined the bold brushstrokes of the Impressionists with Cincinnati, 1874–82 (PO-116-81) the asymmetrical compositions of Japanese art. Unlike Gift of Herbert O. and china painting, these objects were decorated before glazing. Susan C. Robinson The Cincinnati Pottery Club, the first Maria Longworth Mary Louise McLaughlin developed and improved on women’s ceramic club in the United States, Nichols the technique for the American market. McLaughlin’s Left to right: first met at the Women’s Art Museum innovations, appropriated by others, became known as Association and experimented out “Cincinnati Limoges.” Examples of McLaughlin’s underglazed faience received Decorator: J.M.W. of the Frederick Dallas Hamilton Road an honorable mention at the 1878 Exposition Universelle in Paris. McLaughlin Marks, base: R-V / Pottery. By 1882, it moved into its own and Maria Longworth Nichols had been experimenting out of the same 1880 section at Rookwood Pottery. Fry, an commercial pottery. By 1879, Nichols, was successfully creating art pottery Signed, front: J.M.W. early member, later became a decorator at using McLaughlin’s underglaze technique. Disappointed in the support offered (PO-077-93) Rookwood. to art pottery decorators by the commercial potteries, she founded Rookwood in 1880, naming it after her family estate. It would become one the largest and Decorator: probably Mary Williams 12) Left to right: arguably the most famous of America’s art potteries. Cowan, 1857–1945 Marks, base: R-V / 1880 Pilgrim vase, c. 1881 Signed, front: M.W.C. Glazed earthenware 8) Pair of tiles, c. 1877–79 9) Two vases, c. 1881 (PO-129-86) T. J. Wheatley & Company, 4 Apple Blossom Glazed earthenware Cincinnati, 1880–82 5 Glazed yellow clay T. J. Wheatley & Company, To promote Cincinnati as a center for Marks: T. J. W. & Co. / Pat Sep 28 / 1880 Probably P. L. Coultry Cincinnati, 1880–82 art and industry, Charles McMicken Gift of Herbert O. and and Company, Marks: TJW&Co / Pat Sep 28 / 1880 (1783–1858) donated about one million Susan C. Robinson Cincinnati, 1874–82 Gift of Herbert O. and dollars to form this school, later the Art (PO-270-89) Decorator: possibly Mary Louise Susan C. Robinson Academy of Cincinnati. McLaughlin, 1847–1939 (PO-126-86 and PO-127-86) Pilgram vase, c. 1881 (2018-010:1, 2) 11) Back to front: Glazed earthenware Thomas J. Wheatley was celebrated for his T. J. Wheatley & Company, McLaughlin honed the formula for her masterful use of Cincinnati’s native yellow Vase, 1879 Cincinnati, 1880–82 underglaze technique at P. L. Coultry clay in creating barbotine pottery. Wheatley Glazed yellow clay Marks: T. J. W. & Co. / Pat Sep 28 / 1880 and Company. While there Patrick L. claimed Mary Louise McLaughlin’s P. L. Coultry and (PO-001-72) Coultry (1853–1913), artist Thomas J. underglaze technique as his own, but the Company, Cincinnati, Wheatley (1853–1917), art instructors patent he was granted was unenforceable 1874–82 13) Vase, c. 1880–82 John P. Rettig (1858–1932) and Albert because the method was in such wide use. Decorator: Thomas J. Glazed white clay Robert Valentien (1862–1925), and Wheatley, 1853–1917 T.
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