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The Blunt Truth Marijuana The Blunt Truth Joe Burton Prevention Specialist Keystone Substance Abuse Services Danielle Center, MPH, MCHES Prevention Coordinator Keystone Substance Abuse Services Marijuana = Cannabis Cannabinoids-chemical compounds that interact with receptors in the brain cells and repress the release of neurotransmitters in the brain Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) –active psychedelic compound Cannabidiol (CBD)- oil extract used to treat seizure disorders Varieties include Sativa, Indica, and Ruderalis (has the highest prevalence of CBD) Sativa vs. Indica Indica Sativa Sativa Indica Origin Mexico, Thailand, Afghanistan, and certain Turkey, and African countries Morocco Description taller and thinner short and wide plant Height 6 feet (25 feet for 3 feet outdoor plants) Effect/High Greater high; Strongest “energetic” analgesic effect; “couch-locked” Marijuana vs. Hemp Hemp is a strain of the Cannabis Sativa plant (Cannabis Sativa L) Hemp producers use the stalk and the seeds to make products for industrial use (ex. Rope. Lotions, Detergents, Papers, etc.) Marijuana producers use the flowers/buds Hemp has a low THC content (0.3%-1.5% THC) Marijuana has a higher THC content (5%-10% and higher) Marijuana Hash Hash Oil 420 710 Slang terms Marijuana K Loud Pack Gas Butane Hash Oil Honey Oil Budder Earwax Shatter Joints, Blunts, Bongs Vaping Edibles Baked Goods Candy Drinks Lotions Ways to Consume Marijuana Smoking Joints, Blunts, Bongs Vaping Edibles Baked Goods Candy Drinks Lotions Vaping E-Cigarettes mCigs JuJu Joints 150 hits Strain of marijuana oil Does not need to be recharged Edibles Ways to Consume Ways to Consume Ways to Consume Dabbing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqcwF Jp0bZg South Carolina Marijuana What’s next? Health Risks Addiction Cognitive Impairment Respiratory Effects Mental Health Problems Societal Problems Addiction: “I never knew I was addicted, until I tried to stop.” 14 Estimates from Average THC and CBD Levels in the US: research suggest 1960 - 2011 12 that about 9% of users become 10 addicted. 8 Increases to about 17% among young 6 CBD: users and 25-50% NON- among daily users. Psychoactive 4 MARIJUANA MARIJUANA POTENCY Ingredient Today’s marijuana is 4x stronger than 2 in 1960 and as 0 much as 18x stronger for 1998 2001 2004 2007 1965 1970 1974 1978 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1990 1992 1993 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 1960 marijuana edibles Mehmedic et Cognitive Impairment Memory Ability Visuomotor Skills Oculomotor control Use of Cannabis during neurodevelopmental periods can alter brain structure and function Source: Shrivastava, Johnson & Tsuang, 2011 The Brain and Marijuana Brain structure Regulates THC Effect of User Amygdala Emotions, fear anxiety Panic/paranoia Basal ganglia Planning/starting a Slowed reaction time movement Brain Stem Information between brain Anti-nausea effects and spinal column Cerebellum Motor coordination, balance Impaired coordination Hippocampus Learning new information Impaired memory Hypothalamus Eating, sexual behavior Increased appetite Neo Cortex Complex thinking, feeling Altered thinking, and movement judgment and sensation Nucleus Motivation and reward Euphoria (feeling good) Accumbens Spinal cord Transmission of information Altered pain sensitivity between body and brain The brain structures listed above all contain high numbers of CB receptors. Marijuana Use and Educational Outcomes Marijuana interferes with: Attention Motivation Memory Learning Regular heavy marijuana use by teens can lead to an IQ drop of up to 8 points Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse Respiratory Effects Mental Health Problems Can worsen symptoms of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and paranoia (psychosis) Including shortness of breath and heart palpitations Schizophrenia- increased risk of developing illness, including individuals with close family relatives with severe mental disorders Negative impact- missing more appointments and having more difficulty with medical adherence Source: National Alliance on Mental Illness. Marijuana and Mental Illness. Retrieved from www.nami.org. 2013. Marijuana Laws Federal Law The federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) classifies marijuana as a Schedule I drug — one with a high potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use and criminalizes the acts of prescribing, dispensing, and possessing marijuana for any purpose (Hoffman and Weber, 2010). 5 Steps to Legalization of Marijuana Step 1: Legalization of Industrial Hemp Step 2: Legalization of Cannabidiol (CBD Oil) for Medical Purposes Step 3: Legalization of Medical Marijuana Step 4: Decriminalization Step 5: Legalization of Recreational Use State “Medical” Marijuana Laws vs. Federal Law The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not recognized or approved the marijuana plant as medicine (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015). “Medical” Marijuana The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has concluded that smoking marijuana is not recommended for any long-term medical use, and a subsequent IOM report declared that, “marijuana is not modern medicine.” Additionally, the American Medical Association, the National Cancer Institute, the American Cancer Society, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society do not believe that the scientific evidence on therapeutic use of the drug meets the current standard of prescribed medicine. Source: Office of National Drug Control Policy, www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov “Medical” Marijuana Uses Glaucoma Nausea HIV/AIDs (weight gain) Chronic Pain Inflammation Multiple Sclerosis Epilepsy Any other condition approved by the state health department Where is SC in the legalization process? Step 1: Legalization of Industrial Hemp- passed June 2, 2014 Step 2: Legalization of Cannabidiol (CBD Oil) for Medical Purposes- passed June 2, 2014 Step 3: Legalization of Medical Marijuana- stalled in Spring 2015 Step 4: Decriminalization – stalled in Spring 2015 Step 5: Legalization of Recreational Use Legal products in SC In Charleston, there In Greenville, is now e-juice energy drink that being sold contains cannabis. containing CBD. Medical Marijuana in South Carolina? Use of low-THC for certain medical conditions State protect qualifying patients, designated caregivers, and physicians from arrest, prosecution, and certain penalties To create dispensaries Allow certain entities to conduct research on cannabidiol and low-THC DHEC to facilitate proper techniques for handing and testing of marijuana-infused products A registered patient may only have up to: 2 ounces of a usable form of marijuana Up to 6 marijuana plants, with three or fewer being mature Registered patients and caregivers may cultivate marijuana only in an enclosed facility and may acquire marijuana only from registered dispensaries or from one another. Putting it into Perspective How much is one ounce of marijuana? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md- qm5wwBFk&feature=youtu.be&utm_source =July+Eblast+2015+- +Email+Marketing&utm_campaign=E- blast+-+Email+MKT&utm_medium=email Dispensaries The dispensary model of medical marijuana sales is not a safe and appropriate means of conducting business in a manner that preserves public health and should not be used. Any substance approved for medicinal purpose should be prescribed on a legal doctor script and dispensed through a licensed pharmacy. Doctor’s cannot prescribe marijuana, as it is not provided by a pharmacy and therefore, a script does not exist. Do these look like Medical ads? The Pro-Marijuana Movement *supports the development of a legally controlled market for *“The Drug Policy cannabis."(NORML Alliance is the nation's policy statement on *MPP is the largest leading organization personal use) organization in the U.S. that's focused promoting drug *NORML SC Chapter solely on ending policies that are 2025 Marion St. marijuana prohibition. grounded in science, Columbia, SC compassion, health Source: Marijuana and human rights.” Policy Project; Source: National Organization http://www.mpp.org/ for the Reform of Marijuana Source: Drug Policy Alliance; Laws; http://norml.org http://www.drugpolicy.org/ The Great Social Experiment Impact on Colorado: Usage Youth College Age Adult 12-17 years old 18-25 years old 26+ years old • National average for • National average for • National average for marijuana use was 7.15%, marijuana use was marijuana use was 5.45%, Colorado’s average was 18.91%, Colorado’s was Colorado’s average was 11.16 %(2013). 29.05%(2013). 10.13%(2013). • In just one year when • In just one year when • In just one year when Colorado legalized Colorado legalized Colorado legalized marijuana, past month marijuana, past month marijuana, past month use among those ages marijuana use among marijuana use among 12-17 years old increased college-age use adults increased 32.8%. 6.6 %. increased 8.4%. • In 2003 the number of • For the 2013-2014 • Ranked 2nd in the nation positive THC urinalyses for academic year, for current marijuana use adults was 3,099 percentage of total among college-age compared to 2014 where expulsions for marijuana adults. the number of positive was 41.9% compared to THC urinalyses was expulsions for alcohol 33,303. which was 2.7%. Impact on Colorado: Impaired Driving 77 percent of total DUIDs involved marijuana(2014) 41 percent of total DUIDs involved marijuana only(2014) In 2013, the number of positive THC 2ng/mL or higher was 1,948-compared to the number in 2009 which was only 220. Source:
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