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Report of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Scotland Branch Delegation Visit to Malawi from 7 to 12 February 2015

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Report of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Scotland Branch Delegation Visit to Malawi from 7 to 12 February 2015 Report of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Scotland Branch delegation visit to Malawi from 7 to 12 February 2015 1 Acknowledgements The CPA Scotland Branch would like to thank the following individuals and organisations which kindly gave their time and resources to share their knowledge and experience of Malawi. This list is not complete however it would not be possible to name everyone who contributed to the visit. Special thanks go to all the project workers, volunteers and citizens in Malawi whose co-operation and involvement made this visit successful. The delegation would also wish to express its appreciation to the Scottish Government for continuing to support the relationship between Scotland and Malawi through its innovative International Development Fund. The Rt Hon Richard Msowoya MP, Speaker, National Assembly of Malawi Hon. Esther Mcheka Chilenje MP, First Deputy Speaker, National Assembly of Malawi Hon Dr Jessie Kabwila MP, Chair of the Women’s Caucus Hon Juliana Lunguzi MP Chairs of Committees, National Assembly of Malawi Dr. George Chaponda, MP, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Roosevelt Gondwe, Clerk of Parliament Harvey Chigumula, Constance Kilimo and Gloria Dzidekha, Protocol Officers, National Assembly of Malawi Stewart Kafamveka and Michael Munthali, National Assembly of Malawi HE Michael Nevin, British High Commissioner Reena Johl, Country Director, British Council (Malawi) Jen Marshall, Head of DfID, (Malawi) The Reverend Masauko Mbolembole, St Michael’s of All Angels, Blantyre Father Focus Chikweya, St Joseph’s Parish, Mendulo Charity Salima, Achikondi Clinic Eniffer Chilunga, Deputy Matron, Open Arms Infant Home Velia Manyonga, Aiming Higher Charles Fawcett, Healthy Lifestyle Project Mary’s Meals Headquarters (Scotland) Chris McLullich, Country Director, Mary’s Meals Mphatso M. Nguluwe, Director of LISAP Dr Peter West OBE, Scottish Honorary Consul of the Republic of Malawi David Hope-Jones, Scotland Malawi Partnership Tracey Thomson, Chair of the Malawi Scotland Partnership Sister Anna Tommasi Father Joseph (Bvumbwe Juvenile Prison) 2 Introduction Background 1. Malawi’s has a population of 14.9 million people. The country ranks 174 out of 187 in the Human Development Index and is unlikely to meet most of the Millennium Development Goals. More than 80% of the population resides in rural areas. According to Statistics provided by the Department for International Development (DfID) over half the population lives below the national poverty line. Rural poverty has risen in the last decade to 57% of the population. Malawi’s population is expected to rise to 26 million by 2030. This is contributing to increased pressure on a depleting natural resource base, exacerbated by an already stressed agricultural sector which accounts for one-third of GDP. 2. The country now faces serious challenges in strengthening national government and re-establishing local government structures. A key aspect of this process will be restoring public confidence in government and increasing citizen participation in local-level decision making. Multi-nationals have worked closely with civic and political organizations in Malawi to support the development of democratic institutions since 1994. With the support of DfID and other international donors, these organisations have provided assistance to Malawian institutions and civil society to enhance democratic governance. 3. Developments have been made over the years however the institutions could be stronger. Given that the major institutions have seen a reduction in direct funding over the past few years this is a major challenge, particularly for the National Assembly of Malawi. 4. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development the unequal status of women in Malawi is shaped by the inter-locking factors of general poverty, discriminatory treatment in the family and public life and a vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. Both matrilineal and patrilineal systems operate in Malawi’s ethnic groups and it is reported that both systems perpetuate discrimination against women in the family with respect to control over resources. Women in Malawi generally fare worse than their male counter-parts on most social and economic indicators including wage equality, political participation, secondary and tertiary education enrolment and literacy. However, Malawi has achieved gender parity with respect to primary school enrolments, which indicates an improvement in attitudes towards girls’ education. It is estimated 28% of girls finish the full 8 years of primary school. 5. In some areas of Malawi young girls are married at a very young age. There is a number of civil society organisations actively engaged in banning this practice. In some areas of gender inequality legislation has been passed to ensure progress is being made. A key issue debated in the plenary during the week of the parliamentary visit was the Marriage, Divorce and Family Relations Bill which was in the final stages of the legislative process. The delegation notes that on 12 February 2015 the National Assembly passed the Bill which should stop child marriage which, according to many leading experts, is both a cause and 3 consequence of grinding poverty, gender-based violence and the inequality that girls experience every day. 6. One of the provisions of the Bill sets a universal minimum marriage age at 18 years. The delegation understands that, under customary and religious rites, puberty can be used as a marker to determine whether a girl is ready for marriage. As a result, half of all women in Malawi reportedly get married before their 18th birthday. However, according to the Law Library of the US Congress, the minimum age of marriage set under the legislation is not absolute. Section 22 of the Malawi constitution permits children between the ages of 15 and 18 to contract marriages with the consent of their parents and guardians. Therefore, an absolute ban on marriage of children under the age of 18 would require a constitutional amendment. It appears that this particular provision of the Constitution can only be amended via popular referendum, in which the proposal must receive the majority support of those who participate in the vote. Nonetheless, this is an important piece of legislation which might change attitudes. 7. Following the 1994 multi-party elections women comprised 5% of the elected representatives. In 1999 this increased to 7%. In 2004, the number of women parliamentarians rose to 13% and increased again to 22% in 2009. The 2014 elections brought disappointing results with only 16% of women being elected. It is now widely accepted that empowering women as political and social actors is necessary for the consolidation of democracy and development. Relationship at a parliamentary level 8. Links between Scotland and Malawi began with David Livingstone’s journeys up the Zambezi and Shire rivers to Lake Malawi. Not only his life of friendship and engagement with the Nyasa people but even more his death in central Africa galvanised Scotland to make a commitment to this particular part of Africa, long before the borders of the modern nation of Malawi had been set. In the mid 1870s, both the Church of Scotland and the Free Church of Scotland established missions in Malawi, the former in the south, the latter in the north. Before long, Malawians were coming to Scotland for further training and a two-way movement of people and ideas between the two nations was underway. 9. Given the strength of the popular movement at the start of this millennium to renew and re-invigorate the longstanding friendship between the two nations, it was, appropriate that this should be given expression at parliamentary level with a visit to Malawi by a cross party delegation under the auspices of the CPA Scotland Branch in 2005. This visit was followed by a visit later that year by the then First Minister of Scotland, Jack McConnell MSP, closely followed by a visit to Scotland in November 2005 by HE Bingu wa Mutharika, then President of the Republic of Malawi. 10. The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) is an international community of Commonwealth parliaments and legislatures working together to deepen the Commonwealth’s commitment to the highest standards of democratic governance. Parliaments, their Members and officials learn from each other through CPA activities which includes inter-parliamentary visits. 4 11. Under the auspices of the CPA, the Scottish Parliament has for the past 10 years developed a unique and special relationship with the National Assembly of Malawi. The relationship is built on trust, friendship and mutual respect with each of the institutions regarding each other as equal partners. 12. This particular visit arose from the continuing programme of assistance which the Scottish Parliament has agreed with the National Assembly. Elaine Smith MSP, Deputy Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament led a delegation to Malawi from 7-12 February 2015. The members of the delegation were James Dornan MSP and Liam McArthur MSP along with David McGill, Head of Chamber Office and Reporting and Margaret Neal MBE, Secretary of the CPA Scotland Branch. 13. This visit provided an excellent opportunity to reach out across a wide but small spectrum of individuals and groups within Malawi with very strong links to Scotland and to build on existing links. This year commemorates the 10th anniversary of the Scotland Malawi relationship at parliamentary level therefore it was particularly appropriate that the delegation should visit. A copy of the visit programme is at Annex A. Malawian politics 14. On 20 May 2014, Malawi held presidential and legislative elections. 15. The President of Malawi serves a dual function as both the Head of State and the Head of Government. The President is elected by popular vote to serve a five year term. 16. The incumbent President Joyce Banda was defeated by Peter Mutharika of the Democratic Progressive Party who won 36.4% of the vote. Joyce Banda claimed the vote was rigged and the Malawi Electoral Commission (MEC) had asked for a 30-day extension to declare the results so that a recount could be carried out.
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