Bibliyografya : En, Östeneichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften

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Bibliyografya : En, Östeneichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften Bibliyografya : HANSGEFtD HELLENICEMPER-FRIEDRICH HILD, New Forschungen in Kiliki- en, Östeneichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse, Denkschnft~n, 186. Band, Veröffentlichung der Kommission für die Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Herausygeber: Herbert Hunger, Band 4, 21x30 cm., 144 s., 24 fig., 201 Abbildungen, Wien, Verlag der österreichischen Aka- demie der Wissenschaften, 1986. Amanoslardan Manavgat (Melas) çay~na kadar uzanan ve ~lkça~da Anadolu'nun en ~~ geni bölgelerinden biri olan Kilikya hakk ~ ndaki ara~t~rmalar~n geçmi~i yakla~~k 150 y~l öncesine dayan~ r. Çukurova'y~~ içine alarak, Limonlu (Lamas) çay~na kadar uzanan do~uda- ki Ova Kilikya'n~ n (Cilicia Pedias) aksine, bat~ daki da~l~k bölge Ta~eli (Cilicia Tracheia ve- ya Cilicia Aspera) henüz ke~fedilmemi~~ yerle~me ve kal~nulara sahip gözükmektedir. Bunun ba~l~ca nedeni Ova Kilikya'n~ n aksine, Ta~eli'nde, k~ y~ kesimi d~~~nda iç bölgelerdeki ula~~m ~~ ~ a n n güçlükleridir. Üzerinde çok durulan Göksu (Kalykadnos)-Limonlu (Lamas) aras~nda- ki bölgede bile, literatüre geçmemi~~ kal~ nt~ lar~n varl~~~~ kendi gözlemlerimizin bir sonucu- dur. Bu bak~mdan Ta~eli hala dikkatli ara~t~nc~lar için bir hazinedir. Ova Kilikya ise, ara~- t~rmalar~ n yo~unlu~u bak~ m~ ndan daha fazla ~ansa sahiptir: Antik yollar ve bu yollar üze- rindeki büyük kentler (Pompeipolis, Tarsus, Anazarbus, Hieropolis-Kastabala vb.) bugün hala görülebilir kal~nt~ lanyla literatürde ötedenberi zikredilmi~lerdir (Kilikya ~ehirleri ile yeni bibliografya için bk. H. Hellenkemper, ANRW, Il, 7.2, (198o) s. 1275 vd.). Kilikya ara~t~ rmala~~n~ n desteklenmesinde Avusturya Bilimler Akademisi'nin (ÖAW), özel bir yeri vard~r. Gerçekten de R. Heberdy-A. Wilhelm'in ara~t~rmalar~~ (Reisen in Kiliki- en, Aufgeführt 1891 und 1892 im Auftrage der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschahen, Denkschr. ÖAW, Phil.-hist.KI., 44, 1896) bu kurum taraf~ ndan desteklenen ilk önemli çal~~- malardan biridir. Bunun gibi G.E. Bean ve T.B. Mitford'un Cilicia Tracheia'daki epigrafi ara~t~ rmalar~~ (Journeys in Rough Cilicia 1962-1963, Denkschr. ÖAW, Phil.-hist. Ki., 85 1965 ve Journeys in Rough Cilicia in 1964-1968, Erg. Bde. zu den TAM 3, Denkschr. ÖAW, phil.-hist. Ki. 102, 1970) yine Avusturya Bilimler Akademisinin deste~iyle yap~lan önemli çal~~malar aras~ ndad~ r. Avusturya Bilimler Akademisinin Tabula Imperii Byzantini (TIB) Komisyonu taraf~n- dan yay~nlanan elimizdeki bu yeni, çal~~ma Do~u Da~l~ k Kilikya ile Ova Kilikya'daki gezi- lerde elde edilen ço~u yeni arkeolojik ve tarihsel bulgular ve bunlar hakk~ndaki yorumlar~~ ihtiva etmektedir. Eserin tan~ t~m~na geçmeden önce H.Hunger'in "Onsöz"de ifade etti~i bir konuyu (s. 7) burada okuyucuya aktarmakta yarar görüyorum: Türkiye'de son y~llardaki sosyal ve ekonomik geli~melere paralel olarak artan turizm hareketi, beraberinde çe~itli so- runlar da getirmi~tir. Özellikle konuyu k~ y~~ ya~mac~ l~~~~ aç~ s~ndan ele alacak olursak, Kilik- ~ ~ ya'n n k y~~ kesimindeki birçok eski yerle~me ve bunlarla ilgili kal~nt~lar~n ya yokoldu~unu veya beton duvarlarla çevrildi~ini üzülerek görmekteyiz. Buna bölgenin iç kesimlerinde de- netimsizlikten ve bilinçsizlikten kaynaklanan kaçak kaz~ larla yap~ lan tahribi de eklersek, ko- nunun boyutlar~ n~n gerçekten vahim, bölgede yap~lacak yüzey ara~t~rmalar~n~n da ne kadar önemli oldu~u aç~ kça ortaya ç~ kar. ~~te elimizdeki bu eserde geçmi~~ ara~t~rmalarda tespit edilen kal~nt~lar~n bugünkü durumu hakk~nda da fikir sahibi olma olana~~n~~ elde etmi~~ ol- mam~z, çal~~man~ n övülecek yan~ d~ r. Yazarlar önce özellikle ÖAW taraf~ndan desteklenen 3o8 BIBLIYOGRAFYA Kilikya ara~t~ rmalann~ n geçmi~i üzerinde durarak (s. 23-26), okuyucuya bu konuda hat~ rlat- malar yapmaktad ~ rlar. II. Bölümde (s. 27-54) Ta~ucu körfezindeki yerle~melerin baz~ lann~~ ve Silifke'nin kuzeyindeki Karaböcülü'yü ele alm~~ lard~ rAu bölümde öncelikle k~ y~~ kentleri için eski kaynaklarda verilen adlar ve benzeri bilgiler kar~~ la~t~ nlarak, Stadiasmos'a yeni bir yorum getirilmek istenmi~~ ve haz~ rlanan Tabloda (s. 31) Stadiasmos'dan 1521 tarihli Piri Reis haritas~ na kadar Ta~ucu körfezindek~~ k~ y~~ kentlerinin adlar~~ verilmi~tir. Buna paralel olarak anlat~ m~~ yap~ lan merkezlerden ilki bugünkü Hac~ ishakl~~ kasabas~ n~ n do~usunda yer alan Ovac~ k burnu (Zephyrion) ve Ovac~ k yar~ madas~~ üzerindeki Aphrodisias'd~ r. Burada kentin konumu üzerinde duran Yazarlar, erken Bizans dönemine tarihlenen ve k~ sa bir süre önce L. Budde taraf~ ndan yay~ nlanan St. Pantaleon kilisesini (L. Budde, St. Pantaleon von Aphrodisias in Kilikien, 1987) tan~ t~ rlar. Grek dönemine ait Aphrodisias'~ n Roma döne- mi hakk~ ndaki dokümanlann ~ n azl~~~~ üzerinde duran Yazarlar daha sonra Dana Adas~ /Pit- yussa'ya geçerler. Dana Adas~~ k~ y~ s~ ndaki kal~ nt~ lar üzerinde k~saca duran Yazarlar, bundan sonra daha önce yerinde ara~t~ nlmam~~~ Güvercin Adas~~ üzerindeki kal~ nt~ lar hakk~ nda bilgi verirler. Palaia/Tahta Liman~ nda yapt~ klan gözlemlerde Bean-Mitford'un 1964-1968 ara~t~ r- malannda tespit ettikleri yap~~ kal~ nt~ lann~ n günümüzde yokoldu~unu ve hatta bu kal~ ntala- ra ait yap~~ ta~lann~ n su kanal~~ in~aas~ nda kullan~ ld~~~ n ~~ ifade etmeleri (s. 34 ve altr~ ot 43) yukar~ da ifade etti~imiz ve çok k~ sa bir zamanda gerçekle~en k~ y~~ tahribinin küçük bir örne- ~i olmas~~ bak~ m~ ndan önemlidir. Ortaça~'a ait Tokmar Kalesi ile Bo~sak Adas~~ (Nesulion/ Portus Pini) ve Ak Liman/A~a Liman~ 'ndaki gezilerini sürdüren Yazarlar, buralardaki Bi- zans ve Ortaça~~ yap~ lann~~ detayl~~ bir ~ekilde anlat~ rlar. Ayakta kalm~~~ yap~ lanyla dikkat çe- kici olan ve V. Langlois taraf~ ndan Holmoi olarak identife edilen Manast~ r mevkii eski sey- yahlann ifadelerine ve haritalara dayan ~ larak Mylai olarak adland~ nl~ r. Yazarlar taraf~ ndan ~ oo kadar oldu~u tahmin edilen ve bir k~ sm~ n~ n ikinci kat~ na ait duvarlann~ n dahi sa~lam oldu~u bu kal~ nt~ lann günümüze bu ~ekilde, fazla bir y~ k~ ma u~ramadan ula~mas~ n~ n nede- nini, örne~in Elaiussa-Sebaste mezar an~ tlannda da oldu~u gibi, göçerler taraf~ ndan çok ya- k~ n zamanlara kadar kullan ~ lm~~~ oldu~una ba~lamak gerekir. Yazarlar bu evlerin baz~ lar~ - n~ n planlann~~ da metne eklemi~lerdir(Fig.1). R. Heberdy-A. Wilhelm'in A~a Liman~~ kuze- yinde oldu~unu ifade ettikleri Holmoi'nin ise, bugünkü Ta~ucu'nda oldu~u görü~ünü des- tekleyen Yazarlar, buradan devamla Zephyrion (Incekum Burnu), Sichinum (Sökün) ve Ka- raböcülü ile bu bölümü tamamlarlar. Yazarlar III. Bölümü Da~l ~ k Kilikya'daki bugüne kadar yap~ lm~~~ ara~t~ rmalar~ n odak noktas~ n~~ olu~turan Olba (Ura) bölgesine ay~ r~ rlar. Gezilerinde Pasl~~ harebeleri, Türkmenu- ~a~~'ndaki Mezgit Kale diye an~ lan mezar an ~ t~ , Barakç~ k Kalesi ve bunun plan~~ (fig.4), günden güne y~ k ~ lan Gökburç ve plan ~~ (fig.5) tan ~ t ~ lm~~~ ve Olba yak~ n~ ndaki bir Manast~ r'~ n ayr~ nt~ l ~~ anlat~ m~~ yap~ lm~~t~ r. Mezgit Kale olarak bilinen mezar an ~ un ~ n palmiye yaprakl~~ sütun ba~l ~ klan bu bölgede bugüne kadar bilinen tek örnektir. IV. Bölümde Da~l ~ k Kilikya'n ~ n do~usunun en önemli ~ehirlerinden biri olan ve bugün ço~u sa~lam mezar an~ tlanyla tan~ nan Elaiussa'da bugüne kadar bilinmeyen Bazili- ka A ve B'yi tespit eden Yazarlar, duvarlar~~ opus reticulatum tekni~i ile yap~ lm~~~ Hamam üzerinde dururlar. Kentin surlar~~ d ~~~ nda kalan Bazilika ve Wirtschaftshoru tan~ tan Yazar- lar, ~ mirzeli (veya Emirzeli) yolundan K~z~ lba~~ ve Çat~ ören'e ula~~ rlar. Burada bir konuyu tekrar dile getirmek isteriz: bundan 20-30 y~ l öncesine kadar özellikle bu bölgede, k~ y~~ ile iç kesimleri ba~layan ta~~ dö~enmi~~ antik yollar ne yaz~ k ki yeni yollar~ n aç~ lmas~~ esnas~ nda tahrip edilmi~lerdir. Bizim 1989 y~ l~ nda Çat~ ören'e yapt~~~ m~ z bir gezi s~ ras~ nda K~z~ lba~- imirzeli yolunun geni~letilmesi çal~~malar~ na yönelik olarak, K~ z~ lba~-Çöt~ ö~-en aras~ ndaki antik yolun bir k~ sm~ nda dinamit yuvalar~ n ~ n aç~ ld ~~~ n ~~ görmü~tük. Neyse ki, uzun yaz~~ma- BiBL~YOGRAFYA 309 lardan sonra, bu yolun yap~m~~ engellenebilmi~tir. Yazarlar K~z~lba~-Çat~ören'deki tap~nak, kuleler ve bir evden sonra, sa~lam b~ r biçimde ayakta duran erken Bizans kilisesini tan~t~r- lar. Biz burada Çar~ören Hermes tap~na~~n~n duvar örgüsünü olu~turan polygonal teknik yüzünden, kitab~n daha önceki bölümlerinde fazla aç~k olmayan bir biçimde ele al~nan bu tekni~in Kilikya bölgesinde kullan~ld~~~~ devir ile ilgili görü~lerimizi ortaya koymak istiyoruz. Her~eyden önce bu teknik yazarlar taraf~ ndan iki alt tipe ayr~lm~~lard~r: 1-Bosajl~~ kö~eli polygonal (Polygonalquader mit Bossen), 2-Polygonal duvar örgütü (Polygonalmauerwerk (s. 56). Bunlardan ilki geç Hellenistik ça~a, ikincisi ise, Roma imparatorluk dönemine tarih- lenmektedir. Öte yandan kitapta detayl~~ olarak ele al~nmayan Aphrodisias'daki surlar~n (s. 29) hakl~~ olarak Grek dönemi kentine ait oldu~u ifade edilmi~, ancak tarihleme konusuna girilmemi~tir. L. Budde (op. cit.15 vd.) yer yer kyklopean görünümündeki bu surlar~~ Myke- nai surlar~~ ile kar~~la~urarak, bunlar~n 12 veya iz. yüzy~llara ait oldu~unu söylerse de, bun- lar~n yukar~da Yazarlar taraf~ndan biraz mu~lak olarak Grek dönemine vermelerini biz de destekliyoruz ve bunlann özellikle Ura bölgesinde yo~un olan Hellenistik devir sur (örnek: Sivrikale: J.T.Bent, JHS 12 (1891), 222 ve Plan: 224; L. Zoro~lu, VI. Ara~t~rma Sonuçlar~~ Toplant~s~ , 1988, 394 ve Res.
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