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Potential and Risks of Resource-Export Model for Siberia and Krasnoyarsk Krai Economy Development

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Potential and Risks of Resource-Export Model for Siberia and Krasnoyarsk Krai Economy Development View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 6 (2010 3) 844-850 ~ ~ ~ УДК 332.1 Potential and Risks of Resource-Export Model for Siberia and Krasnoyarsk Krai Economy Development Evgeniya B. Bukharovaa*, Victor G. Bezgachevb and Svetlana N. Griba a Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041 Russia b Architecture and Design Bureau “Kvartal” 38 Maerchaka, Krasnoyarsk, 660075 Russia 1 Received 3.12.2010, received in revised form 10.12.2010, accepted 17.12.2010 The article deals with the resource-export model of the economy of Krasnoyarsk Krai in the scope of Russia development strategy up to 2030 and long-term trends of the world innovation development. Resource-export potential of Russia is assessed, domestic and global factors having an influence on the competitiveness and effectiveness of Krasnoyarsk Krai and Siberia regions resource-export economy development in the future are analyzed. Keywords: resource-oriented economy, resource-export model of economy, natural resources, structural technological changes, the institutional conditions for resources usage, global regulation of resources utilization, innovation development Resource-export model of regional economy resources, developed logistics and infrastructure development assumes that the level of income within the areas of resources location. of regional economy participants (company, In terms of increasing demand and current population, region on the whole) directly or prices for primary products in the world markets indirectly is determined by the scale of natural and resource-oriented economy sectors have got a mineral resources and raw materials extraction, priority development in Russia; within the last two followed by their sale in the Russian and world decades such development was based on increase markets. Such model as a rule is based mainly of using previously explored and infrastructure on the development of economic activities, equipped deposits connected with mining and primary processing The price competitiveness of Russian of resources. The possibility to implement such resources in the world markets was supported models of economic development is supported by relatively low expenses for their extraction in by a stable demand for resource and primary comparison with the other world producers. The products in the world markets, scales of explored relatively low costs level was determined by the * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] 1 © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved – 844 – Evgeniya B. Bukharova, Victor G. Bezgachev... Potential and Risks of Resource-Export Model for Siberia... fact that mining companies generally suffered So, among the basic sectors of Russian recurrent costs for maintenance of existing economy, been oriented to export, Krasnoyarsk deposits and did not invest neither in geological Krai is one of the most potentially independent exploration nor in the development of production RF subject in natural and mineral resources. and social infrastructure of the areas. Among the most important resources are: The world financial crisis started in 2008 has nonferrous metals (cooper, nickel, lead, zinc, in fact demonstrated catastrophic consequences aluminum, etc.), ferrous metals (iron, manganese, for regional economies based on the resource- titanium), noble metals (platinoids and ore gold), export development model. For example, the rare metals, huge resources of brown low- decrease of a demand and fall of prices for sulphur power-generating coals, oil, gas and gas nonferrous metals in 2008-2009 affected not only condensate, mining and chemical raw materials profit of companies producing aluminum, nickel, (magnesite, talc, vermiculite and etc.), water and cooper and etc. in Krasnoyarsk Krai, but also forest resources. led to a sharp reduction of Russian Federation The structure of Krai industry includes a subject`s budget followed by Krasnoyarsk Krai wide spectrum of branches and resource-oriented transformation from the donor region to region- industrial specialization of branches which account recipient in relation to federal budget. for more than 70% of gross regional product (E.B. At present the economy of the most Siberian Bukharova, etc., 2009). At present key branches regions is developing in the frames of resource- are fuel and energy complex (thermal power and export model. hydropower engineering, coal, gas, oil-refining), At least two key competitive advantages nonferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, such as provision with a wide range of natural forest industry complex, construction materials resources and favorable geographic location as a production. corridor between West Europe and East Asia – The possibility for companies dealing are stimulated the specialization of Siberia with raw materials extraction to appropriate regions in resource-export direction. major portion of resource rent did not stimulate Energetic, mineral and forest resources the development of productions within the needed by both Russian and global economies, Krai territory with deep processing of raw form the basis of Siberia region’s economy, with materials having high value added. Therefore, the rare exceptions. Krai currently keeps a high level of industrial Siberia concentrates 80% of total Russian complex competitiveness, namely through the coal reserves, 70 % – cooper , 68 % – nickel, development of economic activities of the lower 86 % – lead , 77 % – zinc, 82 % – molybdenum, order: conventional energetic and fuel complex, 41% – gold and 99 % – metals of platinum group. energetic metallurgy, logging. (Natural resources of Russia, 2007). Region Krai is aimed mainly at raw materials export. territory has more than a half of hydropower Krasnoyarsk Krai is one of the leading Russian potential of Russia and a half of total reserves of suppliers of nonferrous metals (cooper, nickel, industrial wood. cobalt, aluminum) and precious metals (platinoids Let us consider more detailed an example of and gold) to the world markets. Products of the Kasnoyarsk Krai resource-export specialization lower stages of natural resources processing as one of the most significant representative of production – saw timber, chipboards, special Siberia region. synthetic rubber, and basic chemical production – 845 – Evgeniya B. Bukharova, Victor G. Bezgachev... Potential and Risks of Resource-Export Model for Siberia... products – are exported from Krasnoyarsk Krai will implement its competitive advantages. These on a significantly smaller scale. advantages are aimed at strengthening leading Mechanical engineering products, including positions in a global energetic infrastructure, high-tech products (communications satellite, first of all at the expense of Siberia potential and equipment for atomic electric power stations etc.) execution of big investment projects, maximal occupy insignificant place in export. At the same use of transit transport potential, which was also time, an overwhelming share of import is taken reflected in documents on Siberia and its regions by technological equipment, final demand goods, strategic development. and foodstuff. Therefore, one of the priority tasks, Export and import activities are oriented determined by the Strategy of social-economic mainly to far foreign countries, so in 2008 export development of Siberia up to2020 (The Project for deliveries were carried out to 73 countries of the Siberia social-economic development Strategy, world. Main partners are Great Britain, Portugal, 2010) is the implementation of big projects on France, Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, extraction and processing of natural resources Sweden, South Korea, China, Kazakhstan, and providing advanced reproduction of mineral Turkey, Egypt, USA – these countries has 92,8% raw materials that define spatial priorities of long- of the total export volume. Krai has cooperated term development of regions having resource with 66 partner countries in import operations. specialization: The biggest import deliveries to Krasnoyarsk • Arctic, polar regions, where focal Krai were carried out from France, Germany, development of natural resources (oil, Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Kazakhstan, gas, nonferrous metals) will prevail, Tadzhikistan, China, Japan, Australia, Guinea, it is planned to restore and develop USA, Venezuela (92,1% from the total value of Northern Sea Rout, protection of nature import) environment and human environment of So, international economic relations of North native population; Krasnoyarsk Krai cover markets of almost • North-Siberian zone of the new economic all continents. Therewith trade relations with development (Middle Ob, north of Western Europe, Central and South – East Asia Tomsk region, the Lower Angara Region dominate. of Krasnoyarsk Krai, zone of Baykal- Krasnoyarsk Krai products are exported Amur Railroad and southern Yakutia), through the main transit corridors: Trans-Siberian connected with scaled mining and primary Railway with access to the South Siberian and processing of nature resources (oil, gas, Turkestan-Siberian railways, the Northern Sea wood, nonferrous, noble and rear metals), Route. Products of JSC “Norilsk Nickel” are development of energetic and transport exported by the Northern Sea Route to Europe (construction of a new transport corridor and North America, the latitudinal rail corridor in the 1st half
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