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This dissertation has been 66—1871 microfilmed exactly as received GLASER, Gerald Clement, 1936- LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CARBONATE PETROLOGY OF THE VIOLA GROUP (ORDO­ VICIAN), ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS, SOUTH- CENTRAL OKLAHOMA. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1966 Geology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CARBONATE PETROLOGY OF THE VIOLA GROUP (ORDOVICIAN), ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS, SOUTH-CENTRAL OKLAHOMA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY GERALD CLEMENT GLASER Norman, Oklahoma 1965 LITHOSTRATIGKAPHÏ AND CARBONATE PETROLOGY OF THE VIOLA GROUP (ORDOVICIAN), ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS, SOUTH-CENTRAL OKLAHOMA APPRO DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Oklahoma. The problem was directed by Dr. C. J. Mankin whose advice and supervision are gratefully acknowledged. I am particularly grateful to Dr. W. E. Ham of the Oklahoma Geological Survey•for his help both with the carbon­ ate rocks and the lithostratigraphic problems associated with this work. Besides reading “die manuscript, he has uhecked the field work, made innumerable helpful suggestions, stimu­ lated many thought-provoking discussions, and has made avail­ able to the writer data on chemical analyses of some of the limestones. Special thanks are due Drs. C. C. Branson and P. K. Sutherland for their critical appraisal of the manuscript and the suggestions offered by them for its improvement. The writer wishes to thank the National Science Foundation for providing funds for the preparation of thin iii sections and other services connected with this work; the Oklahoma Geological Survey for helping to defray field ex­ penses ; and Mr. T. L. Rowland for his help with the photog­ raphy . The writer expresses his sincerest thanks to Mr. L. P. Alberstadt, project co-worker, who is studying the bio­ stratigraphy of the Viola Group. He has enlightened the writer on many points and stimulated interesting discussions while sharing the problems associated with this study. Finally, this study could not have been brought to coii5>letion without the continuous assistance of my wife, Gae L . Glaser. XV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..... iii LIST OF TABLES ......... vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................... viii INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1 Purpose of Investigation ........................ 5 Previous Investigations ......................... 5 Methods of Investigation ........................ 9 Terminology .... 11 Classification of Carbonate Rocks ..... 14 STRATIGRAPHY ................. 18 General Statement ........................ 18 Upper Calcarenites and Equivalents (Units 3C and 3 CM) ................ 23 Middle Calcarenitic Mudstones (Unit 2) .......... 30 Lower Laminites and Equivalents (Units IL and 1C) ........... 34 Thickness Maps ................. 39 Northeastern Shelf Province ............... 43 Southwestern Basin Province ................. 44 Regional Stratigraphie Relations ................ 45 Environments of Deposition ...................... 53 Geologic History ................................ 56 THIN-SECTION PETROGRAPHY ........................... 59 Particle Size ................................... 61 Constituents of the Limestones .................. 63 Skeletal Particles .......................... 64 V Page Nonskeletal Particles ........ «.............. 71 Calclte Mud Matrix ........... 74 Crystalline Calclte Cement ............ 75 Terrigenous Particles ........... 75 Chert ......... 77 Authlgenlc Particles ................. 79 Sedimentary Structures ............. 81 Laminations ............ 81 Burrows ........ 82 Replacement Phenomena ............ 82 RecrystalllzatIon ..................... 85 CHEMICAL D A T A ............. 88 X-ray Analysis .................................. 90 X-ray Fluorescence Analysis .................. 92 Insoluble Residue Analysis ...................... 99 Chemical Analysis .................... 106 SUMMARY ....... 115 REFERENCES CITED ....... 120 COLLATERAL READING ......... 125 A P P E N D I X ...... 130 Photomicrographs .......... 131 Thin-Section Descriptions ...... 142 Measured Stratigraphie Sections and Columnar Sections ..... 170 VI LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Carbonate Rock Terminology ........ 15 2. Fluorescent Analysis of Calcium and Iron ...... 97 3. Weight Percentage of Acid-insoluble Residues ... 100 4. Percentage Silica and Chert Content in Calcarenitic Mudstones .......... 113 vir LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Location Map of Area ..................... 2 2. Diagrammatic Cross-Section of the Viola Group ................................... 19 3. Thickness Maps ........................... 40 4. Fluorescent Analysis of Section H ........ 94 5. Relationship Between Percentage of HCl Insolubles and Rock Type ................ 101 Plates 1-5 Photomicrographs of Thin Sections and Hand Specimens ............................... 130-140 6 Viola Group - Sylvan Shale Outcrop Map ... Pocket 7 Regional Stratigraphie Diagram of the Viola Group ................................... Pocket 8 Regional Panel Diagram of the Viola Group .. Pocket vrii LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CARBONATE PETROLOGY OF 37HE VIOLA GROUP (ORDOVICIAN), ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS, SOUTH-CENTRAL OKLAHOMA INTRODUCTION The investigations for this report on the Viola Group (Trenton, Eden-Maysvi'lle?, and Richmond) were conducted in the Arbuckle Mountains of south-central Oklahoma. The study area covers a tract about 35 miles long and 60 miles wide, with an area of approximately 32 townships or roughly 1,200 square miles. Figure 1 illustrates the geographical location of this area. Rocks of the Viola Group, formerly divided into the Viola Limestone and the "Femvale" Limestone, were studied in 18 surface localities where they crop out in portions of Pontotoc, Johnston, Coal, Murray, and Carter Counties. Plate 6 illustrates the outcrop pattern of the group and the loca­ tion of the measured stratigraphie sections. Besides the occurrence in the Arbuckle Mountains, part of this distinctive 1 c o L n R 1 t' CIMARRON OTTAWA IU) ! g I nowata ! BEAVER Q A R P B R WOODS GRANT ALFALFA I I C Ra IG 0 8 A 0 B TEXAS WOODWARD • G A R FIE LD NOBLE ROGERS MAYES MAJOR 1 ^ E L L IS ) J...PAWNEE fesAV-Yl. j PAYNE D E W B Y KINGFISHER CREEK j""'"'"A.RO «.; I BLAINE LOGAN I ^ — 2. ROGER MILLS LINCOLN lOKMULOEE}"'""""'":. lO KLAH O M Al o k p u s k e e] r T BEQOOYAH ...i MG INTOSH BECKHAM '-..hçprELÀNDj I Z*' j^HAOKELL CADDO [ h u g h e s / GRADY KIOWA LATIMER ! MC C LA IN *"^'*'!*\ PITTSBURG J LB F LO R E HARMON COMANCHE ________ I. JACKSON I COAL -1 ; H STEPHENS r - ' I |C O T T O N j- ATOKA I CARTER L________ ^ - - J _____________ j MCCURTAIN CHOCTAW LO V FIGURE 1 INDEX MAP OF OKLAHOMA SHOWING LOCATION OF ARBUCKLE MOUNTAINS 3 lithologie unit is present also in the Wichita Mountains (Decker, 1933) and has been penetrated by numerous wells in the Mid-Continent region. According to Wengerd (1948, p. 2185) "Viola beds have been found in the subsurface as far north as South Dakota, southward in Texas, and westward in Colorado." Rocks of the Viola Group also crop out in the Criner Hills of southern Oklahoma and a few feet of the "Femvale" is exposed in northeast Oklahoma (Huffman, 1958). Based upon the integrated data from field measure­ ments, thin-section and hand-specimen studies, a southwestern basin province and a northeastern shelf province are estab­ lished with the line separating them trending N. 42° W. ap­ proximately 3% miles west of Section N near Mill Creek. (See fig. 3, p. 40.) The group thickness in the basin province ranges from 550 to 895 feet whereas the shelf province thick­ ness ranges from 339 to 422 feet. Three distinct lithostratigraphic units, two of which have equally distinct facies, are recognized. Unit IL at the base is conçosed of siliceous laminated mudstones which, to­ ward the northeast, pass into Unit 1C, conçosed of coarse­ grained skeletal calcisiltites. Unit 2 is con^rised of cal­ carenitic mudstones in both the southwest and northeast prov­ inces and constitutes the middle of the sequence. Unit 3C 4 is composed of coarse-grained skeletal calcarenites formerly called "Femvale" Limestone. In the extreme southwest, the Unit 3CM facies, consisting of calcarenitic mudstones inter­ bedded with coarse-grained skeletal calcarenites, is present. The contacts of Unit IL with Unit 2 and Unit 2 with Unit 3C seem to be gradational and transitional, and evidence for unconformities of regional extent has been found only at the base of the Viola Group where it is in contact with the Corbin Ranch Formation (Bromide "dense") of the Simpson Group, and at the top where it is in contact with the Sylvan Shale. No physical evidence for unconformities has been found else­ where in the sequence. This study is part of a joint project with Mr. Leonard Alberstadt, also a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, at the University of Oklahoma. His study is concerned with the biostratigraphy of the Viola Group. Al­ though most of the field work was undertaken jointly, each portion of the study represents a separate entity in itself and the writer takes full responsibility for the views ex­ pressed herein. 5 Purpose of Investigation The main objectives of this study were: (1) to estab­ lish a lithostratigraphic framework for the limestones of the Viola Group in order

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