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Diversity of Coral Reef Fishes in Lark Island, Persian Gulf

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Diversity of Coral Reef Fishes in Lark Island, Persian Gulf ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ– ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﻴ ﻂزﻳﺴﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره 1، ﺑﻬﺎر 1391 ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧ ﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك در ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس * • ﺷﺎدي ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ : داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس، ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: 1311 79159- • ﺗﻮرج وﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺐ: ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺷﻴﻼت اﻳﺮان، ﺗﻬﺮان ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: -6116 14155 • ﭘﺮوﻳﺰ ﺗﻮﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻮر: ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎه ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺟﻮان، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس، ﺻﻨﺪو ق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: 1311 79159- • ﻣﺎزﻳﺎر ﻳﺤﻴﻮي: داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس، ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: 1311 79159- • ﺳﻴﺎﻣﻚ ﺑﻬﺰادي: ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه اﻛﻮﻟﻮژي ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﻳﺎي ﻋﻤﺎن، ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: 1597 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: آذر 1390 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: اﺳﻔﻨﺪ 1390 ﻟﻐﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ، ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك، ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس آﺑﺴﻨ ﮓﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﭘﺮ ﺣﺎﺻ ﻞﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘ ﻢﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ را ﺑﺨﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺸﻤﺎر ﻣ ﻲروﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ زﻳﺴﺖ اﻧﻮاع آﺑﺰﻳﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮ شﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘ ﻢﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪ هاي ﻫﺴﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در آﺑﻬﺎي ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس 14 ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﺑﺎ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ درﺻﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮ سﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن را اﺷﻐﺎل ﻛﺮد هاﻧﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ (14) و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺟﺎ نﻫﺎي ﻫﺮﻣﺎﺗﻴﭙﻴﻚ ﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ (5). 25 درﺻﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺗﺎ آذر ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1389 ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ و 6 ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن درﻳﺎﻳﻲ در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘ ﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﺮ ﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﻃﺮاف ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك ﺑﺎ روش Manta (14). ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ tow ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ GPS ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﻏﺬا و ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎه ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ (17). ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن (ﺟﺪول 1). ﺳﭙﺲ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺎ روش Visual census و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ داﺷﺘﻦ رﻧﮕﻬﺎي زﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﻳﻦ زﻳﻨﺘﻲ در آﻛﻮارﻳﻮ مﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ (14). ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ 23 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، 41 ﺟﻨﺲ و 54 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ. از ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮ شﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪاي 54 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، 12 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ 6 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن را در ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻴ ﻂﻫﺎ دارﻧﺪ. در ﺣﺪود 6000 ﺗﺎ 8000 ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪﻫﺎ در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه دور از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي و ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎٌ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘ ﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس ﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Pomacentridae ﺑﺎ 11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. دو ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺑﺰرگ از اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه 85 *ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: [email protected] ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك در ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس اﺳﺖ . ﻫﻨﺪ و آرام ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس ﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺪ و آرام و درﻳﺎي ﺳﺮخ اﺳﺖ در اﻃﺮاف ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺟﺰاﻳﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎ رس ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ وﺟﻮد و ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس اﻃﻠﺲ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ درﻳﺎي ﻛﺎراﺋﻴﺐ دارد ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻜﺮ و دﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮرده اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ داراي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻔﺮد ﺧﻮد اﺳﺖ . در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ زده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺪود 4000 ﺗﺎ 5000 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ در ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت درﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ آﺑﻬﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس ﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺪ و آرام ﺑﺴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ . در درﻳﺎي اﻳﺮان ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ( 17 ). ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺣﺪود 168 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﺎراﺋﻴﺐ 500 ﺗﺎ 700 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( 13 ). ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺮﺟ ﺎﻧﻲ در آﺑﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﻮب اﻳﺮان وﺟﻮد دارد . از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺮاي آﻛﻮارﻳﻮم ﻛﻠﻲ ﺟﺰاﻳﺮ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮس اﻃﻠﺲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﺘﺮي دارﻧﺪ . ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻴﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺻﻴﺎدي ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻌﻀﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﻳﻚ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ 500 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ، ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮاري، ﺻﻨﺪوق ﻣﺎﻫﻲ و زﻣﺮد آﺑﺴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺪي ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (15). ﻣﺎﻫﻲ دم ﻫﻼﻟﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ 1( ). ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﺛﺮات ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻲ روي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك ﺑﺎ /7 48 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 33 واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارد و ﺳﺒﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس و در 11 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻗﺸﻢ و در ﺟﻨﻮب اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺮ رﻳﻜﺮوت ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . ﻣﻴﺰان رﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ در ﺗﻨﮕﻪ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ 2( ). ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺟﺰاﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻮردي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ .)3( .)3( ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارﻧﺪ . در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ از روش ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ، ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن داراي رﺷﺪ آرام ﺗﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻠﻮغ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎري ﭼ ﺸﻤﻲ ﻳﺎ Visual census اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ( 16 ). ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣ ﻲ اﻓﺘﺎد، ﻫﻤĤ وري ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و آﺳﻴﺐ ﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در زﻳﺮ آب ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻏﻮاص و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣ ﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ . از اﻳﻨﺮو ﻛﺎﻫﺶ و از ﺑﻴﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺗﻨﻮع ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ رﻧﮕﻲ ( ﻟﻴﻤﻨﺖ ) ﻛﻪ از ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ Carpenter و ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارد ( 10 ). ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ( Haemstra ،(1997 و Randall ( 1993 ) و White و ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﺧﻮار ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ از Barvani ( 1971 ) ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه ﺑﻮد، ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . در ﻣﺮﺟﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﻘﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ در زﻳﺮ آب اﻣﻜﺎﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﻮد از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن، ﭘﻮﻟﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دورﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻜﺎﺳﻲ زﻳﺮ آب ﻋﻜﺲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ را ﺑﺪون آﺳﻴﺐ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮراﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ دارﻧﺪ و از دﻗﻴﻖ و اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ روزاﻧﻪ 3 ﮔﺮم از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮاردي ﻛﻪ در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎي Acropora، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮوﻓﺴﻮر Randall ارﺳﺎل ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . Porites و Pocillopora ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ 7( ). ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك 54 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 41 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﻔﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ (18). ﺟﻨﺲ و 23 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ و ﻋﻜﺲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه ﻳﻚ ارﺗﺒﺎط از ﻣﻴﺎن 23 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Pomacentridae ﺑﺎ 11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ دو ﻃﺮﻓﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ از آﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮم، ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎ دارا ﺑﻮد. از ﺑﻴﻦ 54 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، 12 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻠﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺳﺒﺐ رﺷﺪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ 6 اﻳ ﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﺟﺪول 2 ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ دﻟﻘﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن از ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و از ﻃﺮف دﻳﮕﺮ رﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮر دﻟﻘﻚ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن 50 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ).7( 86 ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ– ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﻴ ﻂزﻳﺴﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره 1، ﺑﻬﺎر 1391 ﺷﻜﻞ 1: اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎ هﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك در ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس (1389) ﺟﺪول 1: ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه در ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك (1389) اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه o 1 ʺ1/13 ʹ53 26 ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ، ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ اﺳﻜﻠﻪ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ o 56 24ʹ 12ʺ o 2 ʺ6/19 ʹ53 26 ﺷﻤﺎل ﺗﺎ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ، ﭘﺸﺖ اﺳﻜﻠﻪ و ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻦ o 56 23ʹ 20/2ʺ o 3 ʺ1/46 ʹ52 26 ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﻲ، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺎﻧﻮس درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و دور از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ، ﻣﺤﻞ ﻏﻮاﺻﻲ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ و o ʺ1/19 ʹ20 56 ﺻﻴﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن زﻳﻨﺘﻲ o 4 ʺ8/54 ʹ51 26 ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻏﺮب، دور از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ o 56 19ʹ 13/6ʺ o 5 ʺ2/27 ʹ49 26 ﻏﺮب ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﻲ، دور از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و ﺑﻜﺮ o 56 19ʹ 22/6ʺ o 6 ʺ7/16 ʹ49 26 ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﻲ، دور از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻲ و ﺑﻜﺮ o 56 19ʹ 30ʺ 87 ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك در ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس ﺟﺪول 2 : ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ( 1389 ) ) 6 5 4 3 2 1 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﻮﻧﻪ 1 Abudefduf vaigiensis Pomacentridae × × × × × × 2 Abudefduf sp . " × 3 Pomacentrus leptus " × × × × × × 4 P. trilineatus " × 5 P. aquilus " × 6 Chromis fluvaxilla " × × 7 C. xanthopterygia " × × × × × 8 Neopomacentrus cyanomos " × × × × × 9 N. sindensis " × 10 Dascyllus sp. " × × × × × × 11 D. trimaculatus " × × × × × × 12 Amblygobius albimaculatus Gobiidae × 13 Cryptocentrus lutheri " × × × × 14 Gnatholepis enjerensis " × × × × × 15 Istigbius decoratus " × 16 Valenciennea sexguttata " × × × × × 17 Thalassoma lunare Labridae × × × × × × 18 Labroides dimidiatus " × × × × × × 19 Cheilinus lunulatus " × × × 20 Halichoeres marginatus " × × × 21 Chlorurus sordidus Scaridae × × 22 Scarus persicus " × × × × 23 S. ferrugineus " × 24 Acanthurus sohal Acanthuridae × × × × 25 Zebrasoma xanthurum " × × × × 26 Pomacanthus maculosus Pomacanthidae × × × × × × 27 Rhinecanthus assasi Balistidae × 28 Chaetodon nigropunctatus Chaetodontidae × × × × × × 29 C. melapterus " × 30 Heniochus acuminatus " × × 31 Arothorn stellatus Tetradontidae × × 32 Ostracion cubicus Ostraciidae × 33 O. cyanurus " × × × 34 Siganus javus Siganidae × × 35 S. canaliculatus " × × 36 Pseudachromis aldabraensis Pseudochromidae × 37 Caesio varilineata Caesionidae × × × 38 Pempheris vanicolensis Pempheridae × × 39 Apogon fleurieu Apogonidae × × 40 Cheilodipterus novemstriatus " × × × × × 41 Scolopsis ghanam Nemiptridae × × × × × × 42 Ecsenius pulcher Blennidae × 43 Parupeneus margaritatus Mullidae × × × × × × 44 Cephalopholis hemistiktos Serranidae × × × × 45 C. formosa " × × 46 Epinephelus coioides " × × × × 47 Lutjanus ehrenbergii Lutjanidae × × × × × × 48 Lutjanus argentimaculatus " × 49 L. johni " × 50 Aleps jedaba Carangidae × 51 Carangoides bajad " × × × × × × 52 Gnathandon speciosus " × 53 Scorpionfish Scorppaenidae × 54 Torpedo panthera Torpedinidae × 88 ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ– ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﺤﻴ ﻂزﻳﺴﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره 1، ﺑﻬﺎر 1391 Abudefduf vaigiensis Pomacanthus maculosus Cheilodipterus novemstriatus Arothorn stellatus Ostracion cyanurus Valenciennea sexguttata Scolopsis ghanam Acanthurus sohal Pomacentrus aquilus Dascyllus trimaculatus Zebrasoma xanthurum Cryptocentrus lutheri ﺷﻜﻞ 2: ﻋﻜ ﺲﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در زﻳﺮ آب از ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك (1389) 89 ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﻻرك در ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎرس ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه درﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ داﺷﺖ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه 6 6 آﺑﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﻮب ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮده و در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺟﺰاﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ دور از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و از اﻳﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﻫﻨﺪوراﺑﻲ، ﺧﺎرك، ﻻوان، ﺗﻨﺐ، ﻻرك و ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻮردي ﻓﻘﻂ 2 ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ .
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