Forest and Rural Livelihoods
Komi Context of The Forest Dialogue Syktyvkar October 21-24, 2008 Yury Pautov Silver Taiga Foundation 30 E 60 E 90 E
Silver Taiga Foundation ÃÓÏ Ð Central Administrative Board of Komi Republic ÏÎ ÐÊnatural resources of Komi Republic
Finland
Polar circle ~ 66.5 N Komi Republic Area – 416 000 km2
# 0 Syktyvkar January temperature -15 C July temperature +170 C
60 N Y# Moscow
Russia
Ukraine
Kazakhstan
Sep - 2004 Geography
Syktyvkar – 75 m above sea level
Urals – highest point – 1895 m above sea level
Sep - 2004 Silver Taiga Foundation ÃÓÏ Ð Central Administrative Board of ÏÎ ÐÊnatural resources of Komi Republic
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Sep - 2004 Silver Taiga Foundation ÃÓÏ Ð Central Administrative Board of Nationalities ÏÎ ÐÊnatural resources of Komi Republic
5 komi – 24 % russians – 60 % 11 others – 19 % 6 10
87 14
49 54 10 10 9 87 - rate of komi people 30 71 24
34 # Syktyvkar 71 69
32 62
Sep - 2004 Population
XX century • Colonization of Komi because of industrialization 1.4 1.2
1
0.8 XXI century 0.6 • Active migration 0.4 0.2 people to southern 1939 1950 1959 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2003 regions Forest
76% of the territory
100 cubic meters per hectare – average reserve
50% - available for use Distribution of Forests by Spices
Birch 16% Spruce 55% Aspen 5%
Pine 24%
Distribution of Forest Area by Productivity Classes
30% 70% 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 I II III IV V Va Vб Distribution of Forests by Functions
43,2% Protected Forests 50,5%
incl. Natural Reserves
6,3% Commercial Forests Felling Volume in the 20 th Century (cubic meters)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
8 7 6 5 46 55 5 64 6 73 7 8 94 03 9 9 9 9 9 0 1913 1932 1 1949 1952 1 19 1961 1 19 1970 1 19 1979 1982 19 1988 1991 1 1997 2000 2 The Forestry Structure
Logging 12%
Wood Processing Pulp and 27% Paper Industry 61% TheThe UseUse ofof AnnualAnnual AvailableAvailable CutCut
Хозяйство Расчетная Фактическое % исполь- лесосека использование зования
Хвойное 18.5 5.3 28.6 Мягколиственное 8.7 2.1 24.1 Итого 27.2 7.3 26.8 Capacity Use %
Felling 83,6
Saw material 66,2
Plywood 100 Wood Chips Board 97,9 Pulp 98,2 Paper 99,6 Cardboard 100 Certification
Development 2008-2009 in Komi
Certification of Forest Units 2008-2009
Certification of Mondi Syktyvkar Leasing Area
2006 2003 2008 Access to Forest Use
Only in the form of auction 9 Forest area leasing 10 - 49 years 9 Purchase and sale of forest plants for 1 year.
• Preference for priority investment projects at price > 300 million RUR. • Three projects are being realized in Komi with the annual available cut of 4,5 million cubic meters. • Limitation for small and middle business. Payment for Forest Use
• Minimum rate is set up in Moscow. • Minimum rate income goes to the federal budget. • Minimum rate extra goes to the regional budget. • Local budget gets nothing.
Average in Komi in 2007: • Minimum rate - 33,5 RUR per cubic meter ($ 1,3) • Auction rate - 74 RUR per cubic meter ($ 3) Low Living Standard
• Salary in forestry is 2 times less then the average one in Komi • Unemployment in forest regions is 1,5-3 times higher • Lack of social infrastructure – schools, hospitals, water supply, gas, etc. • Migration of an active and young population to towns Mechanization of Logging • A set of harvesters and forwarders stands for 30 workers • For the last 10 years it has grown from 4 up to 40% • Camp type logging • Rural workers are less qualified than townsmen Extensive Forest Use Model
• Popular in Soviet time • Figures upon a quick forest area development with the minimum investments in roads, local forest processing, social infrastructure • 240 forest settlements in Komi are concerned as non perspective with no chance for development. • Alternative – intensification of forest plantation in already developed regions Small Business Development
• According to the Forest Code there’s an auction system of forest resources access • Preference for priority investment projects • Small and middle forest business is about to disappear • Alternative – transfer to contractors for small business ??? Self-organization and Self-management
• Population of forest villages has no traditions and an experience of self-organization and rights protection • Local self-management is in its beginning • Local budgets have no income from forest resources use • A New Forest Code doesn’t consider local population and community • New Initiatives – 9 Public Hearings 9 Community Forest Councils Non Timber Forest Products
• Important for local economy • Provides up to 30% of additional income for population • Mushrooms and berries sites require an organizational and legislative support • Small business development – only gathering, local processing is needed Ôî í ä "Ñåðåáðÿí àÿ òàéãà"
Àãåí òñòâî ëåñí î ãî õî çÿé ñòâà Sites Important for Local Population - ï î Ðåñï óáëèêå Êî ì è Komi Model Forest
Ëî éì à#
òà åõ Êî çëî âñêàÿ # Ë ð.
# Ãà ðü ãð è á û à óç Ë áåëû å ð. ãð óç ä è
ðæà ð. Êî ÿãî äû áðóñí èêà êëþ êâà ìîðîøêà ÷å ð í è ê à # Êî ðæèí ñêèé 23 Traditional Forest Use
• Exists in the remote forest regions • Helps the local population to survive • Has deep traditions • Is not taken into consideration during territory development • Can be the tourism object • Requires a legislative support Recreation and Tourism • Additional resource of population income and employment • Requires the estimation of development perspectives • Requires to teach the local population to render tourism services • Requires the agreement of the forest area development plans