Students, Graduates, and Dropouts in the Labor Market, October 1975
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DOCUMENT HESUME ED 137 662 CG 011.247 --AUTHOR Young, Anne McD. TITLE Students; Graduates, and Dropouts it the Labor Market, October 1975. Epecial Labor Force Report 199. INSTITUTION Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL) Washington, D.C." PUB Tan 176] .NOTE '\ 33p.; Pot available in hard copy dub to small print of original document AVAILABIl FROMBureau of labor Statistics or any of its regional offices ,JOiRNAL CIT Monthly Labor Ueview; p37-41, Jun 76 EDRS PRICE) MF-40183 Plus Postage. MC Not-Available:from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Black Employment; Census Figuiel *Dropouts; *Education; *Employment PatternsrGovernment Publications; *High school Graduatis; Statistical Data; Student-Employment; *Youth; *Yoirtk -- Employment I ABSTRACT, This report:by-theU.S. Department-of LaboteBureau of Statistics coirers_youth eiployment-and-education'e-and their interwoven causes and results. Numerous statisticaL.charts.and explanatory notes are'inCluded.;Factors,-such as agei-race;-sex and Status, are analyzed. (MAI) \ ********************************0************g!ww4****1!4*********** *i DocumentS acquired by ERIC include:many informallinpiblished ..'*Agaterials not-available :from'other.sotirces.',ERI. sakes every:effort :ittoobtain the-best copy,available.,Nevettheless,AtemS of marginal *hreproducibility are-often encOuntered,indihisaffects thelqUality- .211of themicrofiche:and hardcoPy'reprOdOctionSERIC:iakes Document:ReprOduCtion SerWice(EDRS).EDRSis: hot: :esponsiblefor the quality of the.':originaleoCtment.:,ReprOduCtiOns'.*) EDRS. are-the:best th6t:-can beiende,:from *c************************************************************0*********,v Students, Graduates,-and Dropouts in the Labor Market, -October 1975 Special Labor Force Fieport 191 U.S. DEPARTMENT OFLABOR Bureau of Labor Statistica , DEPAETME WTOHEALTH. EDUCATION A WELFAIRE OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE EDUCATION HAS SEENREPRO. THIS DOCUMENT RECE:VE0 FROM "DUCED EXACTLYORGANIZATION AS ORIGIN. THE PERSON OR OF VIEW OROPINIONS ATING IT. POINTSNECESSARILY REPREd STA TED 00 NOT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE SENT OFFICIAL OR POLICY. EDUCATION' POSITION . _ public domain and may Unless identified ascopyrighted, articles and tabulations in this publication are in the Bureau of Labor Statistics. be reproduced without perndssionofthe Federal Government. Please credit the Labor Force Reports which havebeen published in the Monthly Labor Following is a list of reprints of Special request to the Btueau of Labor Review since February 1970. Copies maybe obtained, while the supply lasts, upon Statistics or to any of its regionaloffices. Number 157 Job Losers, Leavers, and Entrants:Traits and Trends 158 Young WOrkers; in School and Out 159 Going Back to School at 35 160 Education of Workers: Projections to 1990 161 Educational Attainment of Workers, March1973 162 Work E*perience of. the PL)pulation inMarch 1972 163 Employment and Unemployment in 1973 164 Marital and Family Characteristics of theLabor Font in March 1973 165 Children of Working Mothers, March 1973 166 Multiple Jobholding; May 1973 167 Job Situation of Vietnam-era Veterans .168 Employment of High School Graduates andDropOuts, 1973 169 Employment of Recent College Graduates,October 1972 170 Employment ofSchOol-Age Youth, October 1973 171 Work Experience ofOie Population, 1973 . 172 JohT enure of Workers, January 1973 173 Marital and FarnilyCharacteristics of .the Labor Force, March 1974 174 Children of WorkinOothers, March1974 175 Educational A ttainnient of Workers, March1974 176 Occupational Moorlity of Workers 177 Multiple Jobholdg ill May 1974 178 Employment argil Unemployment in 1974 179 Trends in Oveitime Hour's and Pay, 1969-74 Labor Market, October 1974 180 Students, Graduates, and Dropouts in the 181 Work Experience of the Population,1974 182 Multiple JobholderS in May 1975 of the labor FOrce,liarch 1915 183 Marital and Family-Characteristics 184 Going Back to School at 35 and Over 1975 " 185 Employment and Ipiemployment During 186 Educational Attaininent of Workers,March 1975 187 Length of Working life for Menanci Women, 1970 188 , Long Workivieics and Prernium Pay 189 Families and the Rise of WorkingWivesAn Overview 190 Women Who HeadFaMilies: A-Socioecenomic Analysis 3 Students, gra and dropouts 1 r market,October 1975 Special Labor Force Report shows more youth combining school and kibor force partidpation US enrollment in 2-year colleges increases ANNE MCDOUGALI.1*io The recent recession affected young workers severely. Among male students, the proportion who were Among youth 16 to 24 years-of age, the nuinber in the labor force declined slightly, .particularly holding jobs declined sharply between October 1974 aniong those .-20 to 24 years old. (See table 2:), and .0ctober 1975. Also, the proportion unemployed for white men, the . decline was a reversal oi a rose for youth/both in and out of schoo1.1 pattern 'of gradually,rising labor force participntion There were nearly 22 million youth 16 to 24 years rates during thepasi -->clecade, While the rate for cid in the lob market in October 1975. Foi the 70 black2 men, which has fluctuated _considerably over percent Om were no longer in school, employment the decade, fell below the 1965 leVel..In.contrast, droppedby more than 750,000 over the year. Among among both white and black female students, labOr thOSeiln .scho&--a population group that increased force pardeipation rates have risen steadily and were significantly between October 1974 and Octobet 16- add 10-percentage points higher"; respectively, 105the number etriployed was about the same than; in 1965. ..ILS a year earlier. The year-to-year increase in unem- College enrollment of 16- to 24-year-o1ds ex- , ploynient was significantly greater for out-of-school pand4d over the year' by 600,000, twice as large an youthjumping from 10.8 to 14.4 percentthan increase as in the previous 1-year periOd..:Nearly all for students,4ising from 13.1to15.0 percent..of the rise Was among full-time studenta.'and was (See table 1.) soin+yhat greater' for women. Nevertheless; 7aniong all college students, the proportion enr011ed.full time Enrolled in school. School enrollment increase:1 by has declined slightly over the past 'decade, gipping 800,000 over the year among all youth 16 to 24 years from'. 436 percent in 1965 84 Percent', in:1975. of age, a greater rise than the . population increase. In recent years, community colleges 'have pro- for this group. Evidently, many youths responded vided for the iducadon 'of an' inCAsing prdportion" to ihedifficultjobsituation by continuing or Of college sludents,, from 11 peiCenclof all under- resuming their education. graduates in 1966, /when dataAn this Subject were first collected, to 29 percent in. 1975.2 Two-thirds we McDougall ;Young is an economist in the Office of of the over-the-year increaie .in undergraduaie en- Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor-Statistics. rollment was among students in 2-yent Colleges. This Repiifited frorn June 1976 ,ifonthly Labor Review th supplementary tables MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW June 1976 Special Labor Force Reports=-Sianmaries Table, 1.Employment etstus of persons 18 to 24 years old, by school somalment status, sdoesUomd sittealmnt seri and mce, October 1974 end 1873 illtrinbMs thomurens] , Civilian lakr force Ctviliannaolostity- Usemploysd dorsalpopulation Porcent Characteristics Number -of PoPulation Number Percent of tabor force 1975 1974 1974 1974 /175 1874 I 1975 1974 I 1975 1974 1.975 1abli.16W24yeariold.._ ...... 33.968 34.700 21.818 21;833 64.2 62.9 19.306 18.564 2.514 3,268 11.5 15.9Ir 1,012 13.1 Enrolled in school 14.412 15.224 6.562 6.730 45.3 44.0 5.702 5.716 I 862 15.0 10.666 11.163 4,434 4.551 41.6 40.8 3,750 3,772 634 773 15.4 17.1 . 1614119y:ear3_ 10.7 20tn24years. 3.816 4.121 2,128 2.179 55.8 52.9 1,952 1,944 178 234 8.4 1 14.9 /hien 7.643 8.035 3.605 3.598 47.1 44.5 3.162 3.061 445 536 12.3 /Women_ 6.835 7.198 2.958 3.130 43.3 43 2.544 2.655 417 476 14.1 15.2 T MOM. 12.405 13.077 5.912 .6.096 47.7 46.6 5.236 5,241 677 855 11.5 14.0 2.077 2.207 651 633 31.3 28.7 469 473. 112 156. 28.0 I Bhckandotber1 .24-4 1 16.7 19.4 7.862 8.063 3.311 -3.-279 42.1 40.6 2.759- 2.641 : 552 636 ' ....mentary11- and high sidimA 336 15.0 18.7 . 274 Men 4.094 4.270 . 1,811 1.801 44.7 42.2 1.557 1,464 300 18.1 20.3 Inxnen. .., 3.768 3,793 1.480 1.478 39.9 39.0 1.202 1.177 : 278 14.6 18.2 Whits ". G. 549 - 6,710 2.972 2197 45.4 44.7 2,531 2,450 434 546 92 34.8 32.5 Mack and other 4,313 1.350 339 283 25.8 21.0 221 192 : '118 . i 3.252 3,442 49.1 47.7 2.942 310 376 91 10.9 1 ColMge 6.620 7.221 sArbsi, 1,796 47.1 1,600. 1,597! 172 201 9.7 11.2 1 Men 3.554 3.816 1.772 491 ;- 39.6 154 158 12.0 12.3 Fall time 3.021 3.245 1,286 -1.283 421 1,132 1,126 468 18 43 3.7 8.4 Part time 533 571 436 513 1. 2" 90.0 471: 1 Women 3.066 3.405 1.480 1.652 42.3 48.5 1.342 1.477, 133 175 9.3 10.6 10.9 12.9 FuNtime 2.506 2,813 998 1,156 39.8 41.1 889 1,003 109 149 6.0 5.2 Parttime-. 560 592 482 496 66:1 83.8 453 al '29 26 Whde 75.357 6,366 2,942 3,101 50.2 48.7 2.694 2,792 244 310 78.4 10.0 Men 3.162 3,434 1.603 1,644 50.7 -47.9, 1.441 1.471 142 175 8.9 10.7 49.7 124 7.9 9.2 Ohmsen.