al of Arth rn ri u ti o s J Journal of Arthritis Wilson et al., J Arthritis 2015, 4:1 10.4172/2167-7921.1000142 ISSN: 2167-7921 DOI: Review Open access Worldwide Links between Proteus mirabilis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Clyde Wilson1*, Taha Rashid2 and Alan Ebringer2 1Department of Pathology, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Paget DV 07, Bermuda 2Analytical Sciences Group, King’s College London, Stamford Road, London SE1 9NN, UK *Corresponding author: Dr. Clyde Wilson, Department of Pathology, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Paget DV 07, Bermuda, USA, Tel: +1-4412391011; Fax: +1-4412392193; Email:
[email protected] Rec date: November 26, 2014; Acc date: January 9, 2015; Pub date: January 15, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Wilson C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and arthritic autoimmune disease affecting millions of people throughout the world. During the last 4 decades extensive data indicate that subclinical urinary tract infection by Proteus mirabilis has a role in the aetiopathogenesis of RA based on cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry between Proteus haemolysin and RA-associated HLA-DRB1 alleles as well as between Proteus urease and type XI collagen. Studies from 15 countries have shown that antibodies against Proteus microbes were elevated significantly in patients with active RA in comparison to healthy and non-RA disease controls. Proteus microbes could also be isolated more frequently in the urine of patients with RA than in controls.