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Martin Van Buren: the Greatest American President
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Martin Van Buren The Greatest American President —————— ✦ —————— JEFFREY ROGERS HUMMEL resident Martin Van Buren does not usually receive high marks from histori- ans. Born of humble Dutch ancestry in December 1782 in the small, upstate PNew York village of Kinderhook, Van Buren gained admittance to the bar in 1803 without benefit of higher education. Building on a successful country legal practice, he became one of the Empire State’s most influential and prominent politi- cians while the state was surging ahead as the country’s wealthiest and most populous. -
GEN. LEWIS CASS, Mexico Cali- It Tious Opposition to the Democratic Policy, Under Tho He on to Washington and Immediately Proceeded to the City of Paris
Mr. Speech IXcsponscs of the Whig CuiiIil:Meft. ic of the Louisville Journal IVailcd Territorial IJill Vot upon its Passage. The German 1'urlinineut. In Chamberlain's Washington 2 ilia na State Sentinel. Judge Chamberlain, one of the Democratic Sena- The mystery of Taylor's long delay in answering to tlic Counter. City, July 27. 118. FitANKioKT, June 23. After remaining in session nil night, and until a Mr. Soiron proclaimed the following "law on tho torial Electors, to ap- the Whig Na- Greensburg, Ind., July 27, 1819. spoke in this according the official letter of President of the o city, y, New-Mexic- L?mAL TI01LAKCC IS THE rICt OF LIBEBTY. late hour to-da- the Senate passed tho Oregon, creation .f a Provisional Central Power for Ger- pointment, "Slaughter-House,- To the the Coon Skinner : I see in a on Saturday last. His speech was able tional " is at last fully explained. Editor of and California Territorial bill, by a vote of many " 44 Ky., called the f l AAI'Ol.IS, AUGUST 2, 1S48. and effective, os his speeches always are. He re- It nppears that Taylor refused " to take the letter little sheet published at Louisville, S3 to 22. I send you the names of those who voted " I. Until a Government he definitely created for e, a infamous article an ariicle bearing bill. Terms. viewed the past and the present attitude of tho whig of Gov. Morehead out of the post-offic- because the Journal, mo?t against the Germany, a Provisional Central Tower fhall be formed Our impress falsehood upon its own face, headed Nays Messrs. -
Abraham Lincoln Papers
Abraham Lincoln papers From Sydney H. Gay to [John G. Nicolay], September 17, 1864 New York, Sept. 17 1864 1 My Dear Sir— I write you at the suggestion of Mr. Wilkerson to state a fact or two which possibly you may make use of in the proper quarter. 1 Samuel Wilkeson was Washington bureau chief of the New York Tribune. Formerly an ally of Thurlow Weed, Wilkeson at this time was in the camp of Horace Greeley. 2 The recent changes in the N. Y. Custom House have been made at the demand of Thurlow Weed. 3 4 This is on the authority of a statement made by Mr. Nicolay to Surveyor Andrews & Genl. Busteed. Now Andrews refuses to resign, & if he is removed he will publish the facts substantiated by oath & 5 correspondence. It will go to the country that Mr. Lincoln removed from office a man of whom he thought so well that he promised to give him anything he asked hereafter, provided he would enable the President now to accede to the demands of the man who, outside of this state, is universally beleived to be the most infamous political scoundrel that ever cursed any country, & in the state is without influence with the party which he has publicly denounced & abandoned. Mr. Lincoln ought to know immediately that such is the attitude which he will occupy before the people if he persists in this matter. Andrews will defend himself, & I know, from a consultation with some of the leading men in the party here, to-day, that he will be upheld & justified in it, be the consequences what they may. -
President Buchanan's Minister to China 1857-1858
WILLIAM B. REED: PRESIDENT BUCHANAN'S MINISTER TO CHINA 1857-1858 BY FOSTER M. FARLEY* A PRESIDENT'S administration is usually evaluated by some A great occurrence, good or bad, and other aspects of his term of office are forgotten. Martin van Buren and Herbert Hoover are generally charged with beginning the depressions of 1837 and 1929; Ulysses S. Grant and Warren G. Harding are usually thought of in connection with the various scandals and corruption during their administrations; and James Madison and James Buchanan with beginning the War of 1812 and the American Civil War. james Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States 'remains one of the least known statesmen of the American Nation."' According to Buchanan's latest biographer, Philip S. Klein, "many people remember Buchanan as the bachelor in the Ahite House who either caused the Civil War or who ought, some- how to have prevented it."2 Few people realize that the fifteenth President was singularly well qualified to occupy the White House. Born in 1791, a native of Pennsylvania, Buchanan graduated from Dickinson College in 1809. and was admitted to the bar three years later. With a good knowledge of the law, he served first in the Pennsylvania house arid then for the next ten years as Congressman. After serving as United States Minister to Russia from 1831-1833, he was elevated to the United States Senate.3 By 1844 he had be- come a leading contender for the Democratic nomination for President, and when James K. Polk was elected, the new Presi- dent appointed Buchanan Secretary of State mainly due to the *The author is Associate Professor of History at Newberry College. -
The Democratic Split During Buchanan's Administration
THE DEMOCRATIC SPLIT DURING BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTRATION By REINHARD H. LUTHIN Columbia University E VER since his election to the presidency of the United States Don the Republican ticket in 1860 there has been speculation as to whether Abraham Lincoln could have won if the Democratic party had not been split in that year.' It is of historical relevance to summarize the factors that led to this division. Much of the Democratic dissension centered in the controversy between President James Buchanan, a Pennsylvanian, and United States Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. The feud was of long standing. During the 1850's those closest to Buchanan, par- ticularly Senator John Slidell of Louisiana, were personally antagonistic toward Douglas. At the Democratic national conven- tion of 1856 Buchanan had defeated Douglas for the presidential nomination. The Illinois senator supported Buchanan against the Republicans. With Buchanan's elevation to the presidency differences between the two arose over the formation of the cabinet.2 Douglas went to Washington expecting to secure from the President-elect cabinet appointments for his western friends William A. Richardson of Illinois and Samuel Treat of Missouri. But this hope was blocked by Senator Slidell and Senator Jesse D. Bright of Indiana, staunch supporters of Buchanan. Crestfallen, 'Edward Channing, A History of the United States (New York, 1925), vol. vi, p. 250; John D. Hicks, The Federal Union (Boston and New York, 1937), p. 604. 2 Much scholarly work has been done on Buchanan, Douglas, and the Democratic rupture. See Philip G. Auchampaugh, "The Buchanan-Douglas Feud," and Richard R. -
Setting the Agenda in the Antebellum Era
Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. Setting the Agenda in the Antebellum Era David A. Copeland Elon University Various source media, Nineteenth Century U.S. Newspapers EMPOWER™ RESEARCH During the tumultuous 1790s, printer Philip Freneau Numbers are important to this phenomenon. In 1820, declared that “public opinion sets the bounds to every 512 newspapers were published regularly in America government, and is the real sovereign of every free with a circulation of slightly less than 300,000. By 1860, one.” 1 Looking back a generation in 1815, John Adams about 3,000 newspapers were regularly published with reminded his one-time opponent from Virginia, Thomas circulation reaching nearly 1.5 million. Magazines grew Jefferson, that America’s revolution from Britain was at an even more phenomenal rate. A dozen magazines not fought with gunpowder and musket balls, but with were published in 1800. By 1860 that number grew to “the pamphlets [and] newspapers in all the colonies . 1,000. 4 Visitors to the United States observed the power by which the public opinion was enlightened and of the press. Alexis de Tocqueville explained its power informed concerning the authority of Parliament over when he wrote following his early 1831-1832 tour of the the colonies.” 2 Five years earlier, in 1810, Isaiah nation that the press “rallies the interests of the Thomas published America’s first history of journalism. community round certain principles and draws up the In it, he said that newspapers “have become the creed of every party.” 5 And what were the interests of vehicles of discussion, in which the principles of the nation? Slavery, moral and social reform, women’s government, the interest of nations, the spirit and rights, burgeoning immigration, religion, economic tendency of public measures . -
“Nebraska Territory”
3 – POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY “Nebraska Territory” By: Stephen Douglas Date: January 30, 1854 Explanation of the Source: While debating Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas explains the principles of Popular Sovereignty (Self-Government) in the Compromise of 1850. “Upon the other point--that pertaining to the question of slavery in the Territories--it was the intention of the committee to be equally explicit. We took the principles established by the Compromise of 1850 as our guide, and intended to make each and every provision of the bill accord with those principles. Those measures established and rest upon the great principle of self-government--that the people should be allowed to decide the questions of their domestic institutions for themselves, subject only to such limitations and restrictions as are imposed by the Constitution of the United States, instead of having them determined by an arbitrary or geographical line… The leading feature of the Compromise of 1850 was congressional non-intervention as to slavery in the Territories; that the people of the Territories, and of all the States, were to be allowed to do as they pleased upon the subject of slavery, subject only to the provisions of the Constitution of the United States. That, sir, was the leading feature of the compromise measures of 1850. Those measures therefore, abandoned the idea of a geographical line as the boundary between free States and slave States; abandoned it because compelled to do it from an inability to maintain it; and in lieu of that substituted a great principle of self-government, which would allow the people to do as they thought proper. -
Dos 230Th Anniversary Thos Jefferson First Secretary Of
Thomas Jefferson (1790–1793) ✪ Edmund Jennings Randolph (1794–1795) ✪ Timothy Pickering (1795–1800) ✪ John Marshall (1800– 1801) ✪ James Madison (1801–1809) ✪ Robert Smith (1809–1811) ✪ James Monroe (1811–1817) ✪ John Quincy Adams (1817–1825) ✪ Henry Clay (1825–1829) ✪ Martin Van Buren (1829–1831) ✪ Edward Livingston (1831–1833) ✪ Louis McLane (1833–1834) ✪ John Forsyth (1834– 1841) DanielUnited Webster (1841–1843) Abel ✪ ✪ Parker Upshur (1843–1844) ✪ John Caldwell Calhoun (1844–1845)States ✪ James Buchanan (1845– 1849) ✪ John Middleton Clayton (1849–1850) ✪ Daniel Webster (1850–1852) ✪ Edward Everett (1852–1853)Department ✪ William Learned Marcy (1853– 1857) ✪ Lewis Cass (1857–1860) ✪ Jeremiah Sullivan Black (1860–1861) ✪ William Henry Seward (1861–1869)of ✪ Elihu Benjamin Washburne (1869–1869) ✪ Hamilton Fish (1869–1877) ✪ William Maxwell Evarts (1877–1881) ✪ James Gillespie BlaineState (1881–1881) Frederick ✪ Theodore Frelinghuysen (1881–1885) ✪ Thomas Francis Bayard (1885–1889) ✪ James Gillespie Blaine (1889–1892)1789 ✪ John Watson2019 Foster (1892– 1893) ✪ Walter Quintin• Gresham (1893–1895) ✪ Richard Olney (1895–1897) ✪ John Sherman (1897–1898) William Rufus Day (1898–1898) T✪ H E V O I C E ✪ John Milton Hay (1898–1905) ✪ Elihu Root (1905–1909) Robert Bacon (1909–1909) OF ✪AMERICA TO ✪ Philander Chase Knox (1909–1913) ✪ William Jennings Bryan (1913–1915) Robert Lansing THE WORLD ✪ (1915–1920) ✪ Bainbridge Colby (1920–1921) ✪ Charles Evans Hughes (1921–1925) Frank FOR 230 YEARS ✪ Billings Kellogg (1925–1929) ✪ Henry Lewis Stimson (1929–1933) Cordell Hull (1933–1944) AND BEYOND ✪ ✪ Edward Reilly Stettinius (1944–1945) ✪ James Francis Byrnes (1945–1947) ✪ George Catlett Marshall (1947–1949) ✪ Dean Gooderham Acheson (1949–1953) ✪ John Foster Dulles (1953– 1959) ✪ Christian Archibald Herter (1959–1961) ✪ David Dean Rusk (1961–1969) ✪ William Pierce Rogers (1969–1973) ✪ Henry A. -
THE DEBATE OVER INDIAN REMOVAL in the 1830S
University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston Graduate Masters Theses Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses 6-2011 The eD bate over Indian Removal in the 1830s George William Goss University of Massachusetts Boston Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/masters_theses Part of the History Commons, Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, and the Native American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Goss, George William, "The eD bate over Indian Removal in the 1830s" (2011). Graduate Masters Theses. Paper 44. This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Doctoral Dissertations and Masters Theses at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DEBATE OVER INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE 1830’s A Thesis Presented by GEORGE W. GOSS Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF HISTORY June 2011 History Department/Program © 2011 by George W. Goss All rights reserved THE DEBATE OVER INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE 1830’s A Thesis Presented by George W. Goss Approved as to style and content by: ________________________________________________ Timothy Hacsi, Assistant Professor Chairperson of Committee ________________________________________________ Julie Winch, Professor Member ________________________________________________ Bonnie Miller, Assistant Professor Member _________________________________________ Paul Bookbinder, Program Director History Department _______________________________________ Roberta L. Wollons, Chairperson History Department ABSTRACT THE DEBATE OVER INDIAN REMOVAL IN THE 1830’s June 2011 George W. Goss, BA, University of Texas MAT, Emmanuel College Directed by Professor Tim Hacsi The US in the 1830s debated the relationship between the US and Indian communities of North America. -
Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age ᇻᇾᇻ 1869–1896
23 Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age ᇻᇾᇻ 1869–1896 Grant . had no right to exist. He should have been extinct for ages. That, two thousand years after Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, a man like Grant should be called—and should actually and truly be— the highest product of the most advanced evolution, made evolution ludicrous. The progress of evolution, from President Washington to President Grant, was alone evidence enough to upset Darwin. Grant . should have lived in a cave and worn skins. HENRY ADAMS, THE EDUCATION OF HENRY ADAMS, 1907 he population of the post–Civil War Republic contin- Tued to vault upward by vigorous leaps, despite the awful bloodletting in both Union and Confederate The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant ranks. Census takers reported over 39 million people in 1870, a gain of 26.6 percent over the preceding decade, Wrangling between Congress and President Andrew as the immigrant tide surged again. The United States Johnson had soured the people on professional politicians was now the third-largest nation in the Western world, in the Reconstruction era, and the notion still prevailed ranking behind Russia and France. that a good general would make a good president. But the civic health of the United States did not keep Stubbly-bearded General Grant was by far the most popu- pace with its physical growth. The Civil War and its after- lar Northern hero to emerge from the war. Grateful math spawned waste, extravagance, speculation, and citizens of Philadelphia, Washington, and his hometown graft. Disillusionment ran deep among idealistic of Galena, Illinois, passed the hat around and in each Americans in the postwar era. -
By One Vote: the Disputed Presidential Election of 1876
Civil War Book Review Spring 2009 Article 6 By One Vote: The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876 Allan Peskin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Peskin, Allan (2009) "By One Vote: The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 11 : Iss. 2 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol11/iss2/6 Peskin: By One Vote: The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876 Review Peskin, Allan Spring 2009 Holt, Michael F. By One Vote: The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876. University of Kansas Press, $34.95 hardcover ISBN 9780700616084 The Compromise of 1876? Having recently endured a presidential election that seemed to go on forever, why would we want to read about another? To a true political junkie such a question would be as incomprehen¬sible as if you asked a basketball fan who had followed last year's interminable NBA playoffs why he would watch this year's. True political fans can never get enough of their favorite sport, which is probably why the University of Kansas Press has launched a series of monographs on American Presidential Elec-tions. This study of the election of 1876 has been assigned to Michael F. Holt, a historian at the University of Virginia, best known for his studies of pre-Civil War politics. Earlier volumes in the series have examined the elections of 1848, 1888, and 1960. It will be noticed that each of these initial selec¬tions were hotly contested and closely decided canvasses, and that of 1876 is often regarded as the most suspenseful of all (at least up to that of 2000 which it resem¬bles in so many ways). -
If Our Neighbor Becomes President: Seven Girls Weigh In
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