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National Water Sector Strategy

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National Water Sector Strategy “A right for every citizen, a resource for the whole country” National Water Sector Strategy Eng. Gebran Bassil Ministry of Energy and Water Ministry of Energy and Water: 27/12/2010 Lebanese Government: Decision No. 2, 9/3/2012 0 The NWSS has been developed by the Ministry of Energy and Water, with the participation of national stakeholders and international donors Water Establishments German Development Cooperation (through GIZ) (1) Litani River Authority European Union Prime Minister’s Office Delegation to Lebanon High Council for Privatization The World Bank Ministry of Environment European Investment Bank Ministry of Public Health Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development Ministry of Industry ESCWA Ministry of Tourism UNDP CDR UNICEF Ministry of Foreign Affairs AFD Ministry of Finance KFW Min. of Interior/ Municipalities USAID Ministry of Agriculture Italian Cooperation Ministry of P. W. and Transport Spanish Protocol Council of the South GWP-MED NGOs Others … Note: (1) through played a key role in supporting the NWSS and its launching event. 1 Baseline Demand/Supply Forecasts Sector Enabling Environment Investment Plan Strategic Roadmap 2 The Lebanese water sector is facing shortcomings both on the infrastructure and management fronts Constrained resources with suboptimal exploitation, coupled with significant 1 Production demand growth Water Sector Transmission & Inefficient and poorly maintained systems and networks, leading to high losses 2 Infrastructure Distribution and supply interruptions, with a limited focus on demand management Low coverage of wastewater networks and severe shortage in treatment Wastewater 3 efficiency I Institutional Incomplete implementation of reform law and weak interagency coordination Financial & Inefficient water supply and irrigation tariffs with low collection rates, and no II Commercial wastewater tariff yet, increasing pollution and limiting conservation Water Sector Legal & Gaps in legal framework delaying private sector participation, water users III Management Regulatory associations, etc. Environmental IV Climate change negatively impacting water resources Concerns Awareness and V Limited conservation activities and high loss percentages Conservation 3 Baseline Water Sector Infrastructure Water Sector Management Demand/Supply Forecasts Sector Enabling Environment Investment Plan Strategic Roadmap 4 Several steps constitute the water sector value chain Water Sector Value Chain 1 Production (& Treatment) 2 Transmission & Distribution 3 Wastewater Irrigation Wells Pump & Transmission Storage Wastewater System Tank/Tower Distribution Domestic/ Tourism/ Collection Networks Commercial Dams System Treatment Works Industrial Springs/Rivers Industrial Wastewater Water Supply Supply Water Water Pump & Transmission Treatment Plant System Reuse Sewage Treatment Plant Sewage Sanitation Sludge Lift Station Sea Outfall Potable Water Wastewater 5 1 Renewable water resources per capita are already slightly below scarcity threshold, with expected decrease in the coming years Current Water Balance for Lebanon for an Average Year (BCM/year) GW: Groundwater Total Rainfall and Snow SW: Surface Water 8.6 Water Lost Evapo-transpiration Water Flow 4.5 Total Renewable Water Resources 4.1 Across Boundaries To Sea SW GW GW 0.7 0.3 Resources Remaining in Lebanon 0.4 2.7 To Groundwater Surface Flow 3500 0.5 2.2 2,990 3,292 3000 Renewable Water Resources 2,892 3 2500 (m /capita/year) 2,263 2015 2,022 2000 1,808 2009 1500 1,426 1,159 /capita/year 3 Water Scarcity Threshold 926 886 839 767 752 m 1000 3 641 1,000 m /person/yr 496 451 440 391 333 271 243 245 500 213 198 156 158 145 141 128 125 116 104 95 91 84 78 76 68 0 0 0 Source: MEW, FAO Aquastat, Water Market Middle East 6 1 Surface water resources are largely exploited but with limited storage, while significant stress is put on groundwater mainly through private wells Surface Water Resources, 2010 Groundwater Extraction Through Dam Capacity as Percentage of (MCM/yr) 1,425 Public Wells, 2010 (MCM/yr) Total Renewable Water Resources (%) 295% Used Water Resources Does not include Potential to reach more than 1 BCM of Maximum Yield wells in villages not covered by WEs storage (i.e. 24%) 649 449 267 117% Qaraoun: 220 MCM 381 307 289 Chabrouh: 15 MCM 56% 56% 186 175 206 235 MCM 82 89 23% 54 71 53 6% BML North South Bekaa Lebanon BML North South Bekaa Lebanon Egypt Syria Tunisia Morocco Iran Lebanon Groundwater Extraction Through Private Wells, 2010 Total Water Resources Used (MCM/yr) Numbers of Private Wells Extracted Volumes from Private Wells (MCM/yr) Out of 235 MCM of Numbers and volumes of existing surface private wells are feared to storage, only 45 MCM be significantly higher are currently used 42,824 438 1,589 18,398 140 649 9,966 119 109 438 7,282 7,178 70 267 235 BML North South Bekaa Lebanon BML North South Bekaa Lebanon Surface Public Private Dams Total Source: MEW, WEs, FAO Aquastat Wells Wells 7 2 Although coverage is better than the regional average, more than 50% of transmission and distribution networks are past their useful life … Continuity of Water Supply Service, 2009 Potable Water Network Coverage (Hrs/Day) (%) Best Practice: 100% 22 22 High season MENA Average: 75% Low season 13 13 10 10 98% 96% 95% 100% 93% 8 8 90% 90% 7.6 87% 85% 85% 80% 80% 80% 80% 79% 70% 68% 65% 65% 62% 3 60% 40% 30% 20% BML North South Bekaa Lebanon Age of Networks, 2010 Tank Storage Times, 2010 (Hours) Standard Practice Transmission Distribution 12-24 hrs <10 yrs 28% 29% 45% 10 -20 yrs 33% National Average 9.33 hrs 18% 20 -30 yrs 17% 21% 10.41 >30 yrs 8.40 9.80 8.71 9% BML North South Bekaa Source: MEW, WEs, WB, CAS, Water Market Middle East 8 2 … leading to Unaccounted for Water levels 13% higher than world average Demand for Water Supply, 2010 Collection Rates, 2010 (MCM/yr) 663 Tourism 6.2 Best Practice 100% Industrial 152 Domestic 292 5.2 66 505 National Average 135 148 47% 0.3 88 62% 58% 52% 0.331 221 34 0.320 104 113 67 18% North BML South Bekaa Lebanon BML North South Bekaa Unaccounted For Water In WEs, 2010 (%) MENA Averages 48% 50% 50% 48% 50% 50% 50% 40% 40% MENA average National Average 35% 37% 48% 30% 26% World average 22% 23% 35% 48% 52% 50% 15% 40% 10% Best practices 10% BML North South Bekaa Iran Iraq KSA Syria Libya Egypt Oman Jordan Turkey Algeria Tunisia Bahrain Morocco Lebanon Palestine Source: MEW, WEs, Water Market Middle East Occupied Ter. 9 2 Irrigation is the largest water consumer with low efficiencies, as open channels still constitute the majority of the networks Irrigated Areas in Lebanon, 2010 (ha) Irrigation Water Requirements, 2010 90,000 (MCM/yr) Schemed Irrigation (>100 ha) Small Scale Irrigation (<100 ha) 24,000 45,000 14,000 810 24,000 66,000 2,500 9,000 12,000 31,000 405 21,500 2,500 5,000 216 6,500 7,000 81 108 North BML South Bekaa Lebanon North BML South Bekaa Lebanon Water Usage by Sector Network Efficiency (%) (% of Total Water Consumption) 100% Industrial 80% effic. 90% 9% (Drip) 80% Domestic 6.2% 70% 30% 60% 70% effic. 50% (Sprinklers) 40% Agriculture 23.4 30% 61% % 20% 10% 0% 70.4 Water usage reflects % KSA Iraq Iran UAE Syria Libya Egypt Qatar Oman effective consumption Jordan Turkey Kuwait Yemen Algeria Tunisia Bahrain Lebanon Morocco and not calculated 60% effic. demand Occupied Ter. Occupied (Canals) Source: MEW, WEs, World Bank 10 3 Wastewater network coverage of 60% is higher than regional average, coupled with significantly low treatment levels (<8%) Wastewater Network Coverage Treated Water Share of Total Water Consumed (%) (%) Occupi … 95% UAE 63% Algeria 85% Occupied Ter. 53% Turkey 75% Egypt 46% Bahrain 70% Qatar 40% Morocco 70% Jordan 33% Kuwait 65% Tunisia 33% Jordan 60% Libya 23% UAE 60% Turkey 21% Lebanon 60% Syria 20% Qatar 60% Oman 12% Tunisia 55% Yemen 10% Egypt 50% KSA KSA 40% 10% Syria 40% Lebanon 8% Palestine Morocco 5% 35% MENA Average 20% Algeria 4% Libya 32% Iran 16% Oman 15% Yemen 5% Iraq 2% MENA Average 48% Note: Data not available for Bahrain, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Palestine Source: Water Market Middle East, Web search 11 “A right for every citizen, a resource for the whole country” National Water Sector Strategy Eng. Gebran Bassil Ministry of Energy and Water Ministry of Energy and Water: 27/12/2010 Lebanese Government: Decision No. 2, 9/3/2012 0 Baseline Water Sector Infrastructure Water Sector Management Demand/Supply Forecasts Sector Enabling Environment Investment Plan Strategic Roadmap 12 I Investment planning, capital spending and service provision responsibilities are scattered among various players with weak coordination Current Institutional Setting and Commercial Relations in the Lebanon Water Sector Ministry of Ministry of Donors Energy and Water Finance Donors (Grants/ Council for Technical Development (Loans/ Grants) Assistance) NLWE BMLWE SLWE BWE LRA and Reconstruction HCD CoS Consumers NGOs Others Private Providers NLWE: North Lebanon Water Establishment Water Delivery Trucks BMLWE: Beirut & Mount Lebanon Water Establishment Product Flow SLWE: South Lebanon Water Establishment Bottled Water/Gallons BWE: Bekaa Water Establishment Cash/In Kind Flow Private Wells LRA: Litani River Authority Local Committees/Municipalities HCD: High Commission for the Displaced CoS: Council for the South 13 I The implementation of reform 221 is still incomplete with discrepancies between legal and de facto responsibilities Assessment of the Implementation of reform Law 221 Best-Practice Principles, 2000 Current Situation, 2010 The implementation of the reform law has been initiated but not fully concluded Separation between policy-making The transfer of functions to the four WEs has been and service provision subject to several delays Consolidation of service provision in The WEs are not yet empowered to act with full autonomous regional water Reform Law 221 administrative and financial autonomy establishments (WEs), and policy- The legal text to organize the work of MEW, has not making in MEW been developed yet.
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