DOCSLIB.ORG

National Water Sector Strategy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

“A right for every citizen, a resource for the whole country” National Water Sector Strategy Eng. Gebran Bassil Ministry of Energy and Water Ministry of Energy and Water: 27/12/2010 Lebanese Government: Decision No. 2, 9/3/2012 0 The NWSS has been developed by the Ministry of Energy and Water, with the participation of national stakeholders and international donors Water Establishments German Development Cooperation (through GIZ) (1) Litani River Authority European Union Prime Minister’s Office Delegation to Lebanon High Council for Privatization The World Bank Ministry of Environment European Investment Bank Ministry of Public Health Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development Ministry of Industry ESCWA Ministry of Tourism UNDP CDR UNICEF Ministry of Foreign Affairs AFD Ministry of Finance KFW Min. of Interior/ Municipalities USAID Ministry of Agriculture Italian Cooperation Ministry of P. W. and Transport Spanish Protocol Council of the South GWP-MED NGOs Others … Note: (1) through played a key role in supporting the NWSS and its launching event. 1 Baseline Demand/Supply Forecasts Sector Enabling Environment Investment Plan Strategic Roadmap 2 The Lebanese water sector is facing shortcomings both on the infrastructure and management fronts Constrained resources with suboptimal exploitation, coupled with significant 1 Production demand growth Water Sector Transmission & Inefficient and poorly maintained systems and networks, leading to high losses 2 Infrastructure Distribution and supply interruptions, with a limited focus on demand management Low coverage of wastewater networks and severe shortage in treatment Wastewater 3 efficiency I Institutional Incomplete implementation of reform law and weak interagency coordination Financial & Inefficient water supply and irrigation tariffs with low collection rates, and no II Commercial wastewater tariff yet, increasing pollution and limiting conservation Water Sector Legal & Gaps in legal framework delaying private sector participation, water users III Management Regulatory associations, etc. Environmental IV Climate change negatively impacting water resources Concerns Awareness and V Limited conservation activities and high loss percentages Conservation 3 Baseline Water Sector Infrastructure Water Sector Management Demand/Supply Forecasts Sector Enabling Environment Investment Plan Strategic Roadmap 4 Several steps constitute the water sector value chain Water Sector Value Chain 1 Production (& Treatment) 2 Transmission & Distribution 3 Wastewater Irrigation Wells Pump & Transmission Storage Wastewater System Tank/Tower Distribution Domestic/ Tourism/ Collection Networks Commercial Dams System Treatment Works Industrial Springs/Rivers Industrial Wastewater Water Supply Supply Water Water Pump & Transmission Treatment Plant System Reuse Sewage Treatment Plant Sewage Sanitation Sludge Lift Station Sea Outfall Potable Water Wastewater 5 1 Renewable water resources per capita are already slightly below scarcity threshold, with expected decrease in the coming years Current Water Balance for Lebanon for an Average Year (BCM/year) GW: Groundwater Total Rainfall and Snow SW: Surface Water 8.6 Water Lost Evapo-transpiration Water Flow 4.5 Total Renewable Water Resources 4.1 Across Boundaries To Sea SW GW GW 0.7 0.3 Resources Remaining in Lebanon 0.4 2.7 To Groundwater Surface Flow 3500 0.5 2.2 2,990 3,292 3000 Renewable Water Resources 2,892 3 2500 (m /capita/year) 2,263 2015 2,022 2000 1,808 2009 1500 1,426 1,159 /capita/year 3 Water Scarcity Threshold 926 886 839 767 752 m 1000 3 641 1,000 m /person/yr 496 451 440 391 333 271 243 245 500 213 198 156 158 145 141 128 125 116 104 95 91 84 78 76 68 0 0 0 Source: MEW, FAO Aquastat, Water Market Middle East 6 1 Surface water resources are largely exploited but with limited storage, while significant stress is put on groundwater mainly through private wells Surface Water Resources, 2010 Groundwater Extraction Through Dam Capacity as Percentage of (MCM/yr) 1,425 Public Wells, 2010 (MCM/yr) Total Renewable Water Resources (%) 295% Used Water Resources Does not include Potential to reach more than 1 BCM of Maximum Yield wells in villages not covered by WEs storage (i.e. 24%) 649 449 267 117% Qaraoun: 220 MCM 381 307 289 Chabrouh: 15 MCM 56% 56% 186 175 206 235 MCM 82 89 23% 54 71 53 6% BML North South Bekaa Lebanon BML North South Bekaa Lebanon Egypt Syria Tunisia Morocco Iran Lebanon Groundwater Extraction Through Private Wells, 2010 Total Water Resources Used (MCM/yr) Numbers of Private Wells Extracted Volumes from Private Wells (MCM/yr) Out of 235 MCM of Numbers and volumes of existing surface private wells are feared to storage, only 45 MCM be significantly higher are currently used 42,824 438 1,589 18,398 140 649 9,966 119 109 438 7,282 7,178 70 267 235 BML North South Bekaa Lebanon BML North South Bekaa Lebanon Surface Public Private Dams Total Source: MEW, WEs, FAO Aquastat Wells Wells 7 2 Although coverage is better than the regional average, more than 50% of transmission and distribution networks are past their useful life … Continuity of Water Supply Service, 2009 Potable Water Network Coverage (Hrs/Day) (%) Best Practice: 100% 22 22 High season MENA Average: 75% Low season 13 13 10 10 98% 96% 95% 100% 93% 8 8 90% 90% 7.6 87% 85% 85% 80% 80% 80% 80% 79% 70% 68% 65% 65% 62% 3 60% 40% 30% 20% BML North South Bekaa Lebanon Age of Networks, 2010 Tank Storage Times, 2010 (Hours) Standard Practice Transmission Distribution 12-24 hrs <10 yrs 28% 29% 45% 10 -20 yrs 33% National Average 9.33 hrs 18% 20 -30 yrs 17% 21% 10.41 >30 yrs 8.40 9.80 8.71 9% BML North South Bekaa Source: MEW, WEs, WB, CAS, Water Market Middle East 8 2 … leading to Unaccounted for Water levels 13% higher than world average Demand for Water Supply, 2010 Collection Rates, 2010 (MCM/yr) 663 Tourism 6.2 Best Practice 100% Industrial 152 Domestic 292 5.2 66 505 National Average 135 148 47% 0.3 88 62% 58% 52% 0.331 221 34 0.320 104 113 67 18% North BML South Bekaa Lebanon BML North South Bekaa Unaccounted For Water In WEs, 2010 (%) MENA Averages 48% 50% 50% 48% 50% 50% 50% 40% 40% MENA average National Average 35% 37% 48% 30% 26% World average 22% 23% 35% 48% 52% 50% 15% 40% 10% Best practices 10% BML North South Bekaa Iran Iraq KSA Syria Libya Egypt Oman Jordan Turkey Algeria Tunisia Bahrain Morocco Lebanon Palestine Source: MEW, WEs, Water Market Middle East Occupied Ter. 9 2 Irrigation is the largest water consumer with low efficiencies, as open channels still constitute the majority of the networks Irrigated Areas in Lebanon, 2010 (ha) Irrigation Water Requirements, 2010 90,000 (MCM/yr) Schemed Irrigation (>100 ha) Small Scale Irrigation (<100 ha) 24,000 45,000 14,000 810 24,000 66,000 2,500 9,000 12,000 31,000 405 21,500 2,500 5,000 216 6,500 7,000 81 108 North BML South Bekaa Lebanon North BML South Bekaa Lebanon Water Usage by Sector Network Efficiency (%) (% of Total Water Consumption) 100% Industrial 80% effic. 90% 9% (Drip) 80% Domestic 6.2% 70% 30% 60% 70% effic. 50% (Sprinklers) 40% Agriculture 23.4 30% 61% % 20% 10% 0% 70.4 Water usage reflects % KSA Iraq Iran UAE Syria Libya Egypt Qatar Oman effective consumption Jordan Turkey Kuwait Yemen Algeria Tunisia Bahrain Lebanon Morocco and not calculated 60% effic. demand Occupied Ter. Occupied (Canals) Source: MEW, WEs, World Bank 10 3 Wastewater network coverage of 60% is higher than regional average, coupled with significantly low treatment levels (<8%) Wastewater Network Coverage Treated Water Share of Total Water Consumed (%) (%) Occupi … 95% UAE 63% Algeria 85% Occupied Ter. 53% Turkey 75% Egypt 46% Bahrain 70% Qatar 40% Morocco 70% Jordan 33% Kuwait 65% Tunisia 33% Jordan 60% Libya 23% UAE 60% Turkey 21% Lebanon 60% Syria 20% Qatar 60% Oman 12% Tunisia 55% Yemen 10% Egypt 50% KSA KSA 40% 10% Syria 40% Lebanon 8% Palestine Morocco 5% 35% MENA Average 20% Algeria 4% Libya 32% Iran 16% Oman 15% Yemen 5% Iraq 2% MENA Average 48% Note: Data not available for Bahrain, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Palestine Source: Water Market Middle East, Web search 11 “A right for every citizen, a resource for the whole country” National Water Sector Strategy Eng. Gebran Bassil Ministry of Energy and Water Ministry of Energy and Water: 27/12/2010 Lebanese Government: Decision No. 2, 9/3/2012 0 Baseline Water Sector Infrastructure Water Sector Management Demand/Supply Forecasts Sector Enabling Environment Investment Plan Strategic Roadmap 12 I Investment planning, capital spending and service provision responsibilities are scattered among various players with weak coordination Current Institutional Setting and Commercial Relations in the Lebanon Water Sector Ministry of Ministry of Donors Energy and Water Finance Donors (Grants/ Council for Technical Development (Loans/ Grants) Assistance) NLWE BMLWE SLWE BWE LRA and Reconstruction HCD CoS Consumers NGOs Others Private Providers NLWE: North Lebanon Water Establishment Water Delivery Trucks BMLWE: Beirut & Mount Lebanon Water Establishment Product Flow SLWE: South Lebanon Water Establishment Bottled Water/Gallons BWE: Bekaa Water Establishment Cash/In Kind Flow Private Wells LRA: Litani River Authority Local Committees/Municipalities HCD: High Commission for the Displaced CoS: Council for the South 13 I The implementation of reform 221 is still incomplete with discrepancies between legal and de facto responsibilities Assessment of the Implementation of reform Law 221 Best-Practice Principles, 2000 Current Situation, 2010 The implementation of the reform law has been initiated but not fully concluded Separation between policy-making The transfer of functions to the four WEs has been and service provision subject to several delays Consolidation of service provision in The WEs are not yet empowered to act with full autonomous regional water Reform Law 221 administrative and financial autonomy establishments (WEs), and policy- The legal text to organize the work of MEW, has not making in MEW been developed yet.
Recommended publications
  • Akkar) & Qobbe (Tripoli) Conflict Analysis Report – March 2019

    Akkar) & Qobbe (Tripoli) Conflict Analysis Report – March 2019

    Tying the Cross-Cultural Knot Empowered lives. Resilient nations. Uncovering Perceptions on Lebanese- Syrian Intermarriages: The cases of Tleil (Akkar) & Qobbe (Tripoli) Conflict Analysis Report – March 2019 Supported by: This report was written by an independent researcher as part of a conflict analysis consultancy for the UNDP “Peace Building in Lebanon” Project to inform and support UNDP Lebanon programming, as well as interventions from other partners in the framework of the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP). Through these reports, UNDP is aiming at providing quality analysis to LCRP Partners on the evolution of local dynamics, highlighting how local and structural issues have impacted and interacted with the consequences of the Syrian crisis in Lebanon. This report has been produced with the support of the Department for International Development (UKDFID). For any further information, please contact directly: Tom Lambert, UNDP Social Stability Sector Coordinator at [email protected], Fadel Saleh, UNDP Conflict Analyst at [email protected] and Joanna Nassar, UNDP “Peace Building in Lebanon” Project Manager at [email protected] Report written by Bilal Al Ayoubi The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNDP, nor its partners. UNDP © 2019 All rights reserved. Cover Photo © UNDP Lebanon, 2019 Empowered lives. Resilient nations. Tying the Cross-Cultural Knot Uncovering Perceptions on Lebanese- Syrian Intermarriages: The cases of Tleil (Akkar) & Qobbe
  • World Bank Document

    World Bank Document

    INTEGRATED SAFEGUARDS DATA SHEET APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: ISDSA10332 Public Disclosure Authorized Date ISDS Prepared/Updated: 15-Sep-2014 Date ISDS Approved/Disclosed: 13-Jun-2014, 17-Sep-2014 I. BASIC INFORMATION Public Disclosure Copy 1. Basic Project Data Country: Lebanon Project ID: P125184 Project Name: Lebanon-Water Supply Augmentation Project (P125184) Task Team Claire Kfouri Leader: Estimated 16-Jun-2014 Estimated 30-Sep-2014 Public Disclosure Authorized Appraisal Date: Board Date: Managing Unit: GWADR Lending Specific Investment Loan Instrument: Sector(s): General water, sanitation and flood protection sector (100%) Theme(s): Water resource management (80%), Other public sector governance (20%) Is this project processed under OP 8.50 (Emergency Recovery) or OP No 8.00 (Rapid Response to Crises and Emergencies)? Financing (In USD Million) Total Project Cost: 617.00 Total Bank Financing: 474.00 Financing Gap: 0.00 Public Disclosure Authorized Financing Source Amount Borrower 15.00 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 474.00 Islamic Development Bank 128.00 Public Disclosure Copy Total 617.00 Environmental A - Full Assessment Category: Is this a No Repeater project? 2. Project Development Objective(s) Public Disclosure Authorized The project development objective is to increase the volume of water available to the Greater Beirut and Mount Lebanon area. 3. Project Description Page 1 of 14 Despite its relatively abundant water resources, Lebanon is significantly water-stressed. Groundwater is over-extracted by 200 million cubic meters (MCM) per year and water supply reaches as low as three hours per day in the summer season across many regions. Lebanon further only stores six percent of its total water resources, rendering it the country with the lowest dam capacity across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
  • Lebanon: Managing the Gathering Storm

    Lebanon: Managing the Gathering Storm

    LEBANON: MANAGING THE GATHERING STORM Middle East Report N°48 – 5 December 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. A SYSTEM BETWEEN OLD AND NEW.................................................................. 1 A. SETTING THE STAGE: THE ELECTORAL CONTEST..................................................................1 B. THE MEHLIS EFFECT.............................................................................................................5 II. SECTARIANISM AND INTERNATIONALISATION ............................................. 8 A. FROM SYRIAN TUTELAGE TO WESTERN UMBRELLA?............................................................8 B. SHIFTING ALLIANCES..........................................................................................................12 III. THE HIZBOLLAH QUESTION ................................................................................ 16 A. “A NEW PHASE OF CONFRONTATION” ................................................................................17 B. HIZBOLLAH AS THE SHIITE GUARDIAN?..............................................................................19 C. THE PARTY OF GOD TURNS PARTY OF GOVERNMENT.........................................................20 IV. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 22 A. A BROAD INTERNATIONAL COALITION FOR A NARROW AGENDA .......................................22 B. A LEBANESE COURT ON FOREIGN
  • SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON, Akkar Governorate Distribution of the Registered Syrian Refugees at the Cadastral Level As O F 30 S E P T E Mb E R 2 01 9

    SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON, Akkar Governorate Distribution of the Registered Syrian Refugees at the Cadastral Level As O F 30 S E P T E Mb E R 2 01 9

    SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON, Akkar Governorate Distribution of the Registered Syrian Refugees at the Cadastral Level As o f 30 S e p t e mb e r 2 01 9 AKKAR Dayret Nahr El-Kabir Total No. of Household Registered 25,069 1,858 Total No. of Individuals Registered 106,067 Machta Hammoud 2,334 Aabboudiye Sammaqiye 274 AAridet Cheikh Zennad 770 Janine Khalsa 8 8 10 Kfar Noun Aaouaainat Aakkar Dibbabiye 4 67 6 Noura Et-Tahta Qarha Aakkar Chir Hmairine 56 Tall Hmayra 14 Tall Bire 1,370 215 Qachlaq 37 16 Rmah Cheikhlar Aamayer Kneisset Aakkar Srar Fraydes Aakkar Mounjez 16 31 12,465 Hnaider 158 3 Cheikh Zennad 75 Massaaoudiye 20 1,285 Mighraq Aakkar 420 121 Aamaret El-Baykat 8 Ouadi El-Haour 543 Kouachra Darine 157 1,538 317 Haytla Saadine 15 Baghdadi 753 959 Aamriyet Aakkar Mazraat En-Nahriye 48 Tall Meaayan Tall Kiri Tall Aabbas Ech-Charqi 795 Kneisset Hnaider 1,329 691 Ghazayle Tleil 1,185 Barde 298 826 Qleiaat Aakkar 11 826 Aain Ez-Zeit Kafr Biret Aakkar Saidnaya 4,657 Hayssa 7 25 Haouchab 10 2,360 Aain Tinta Khirbet Daoud Aakkar 214 25 2,053 Koueikhat Tall Aabbas El-Gharbi 612 Rihaniyet Aakkar Douair Aadouiye Qbaiyat 1,948 771 Charbila 126 Khirbet Char Bsatine Aakkar P! 70 101 Sfinet Ed-Draib 9 Sindianet Zeidane 36 Hmaiss Aakkar Berbara Aakkar 341 Rmoul 4 22 26 Sammouniye Aandqet Qaabrine Hokr Etti 559 434 Majdel Akkar 369 279 316 Khreibet Ej-Jindi Deir Jannine 2,044 Knisse 59 298 Kfar Harra 27 Hedd 6 Mqaiteaa 1,454 Kfar Melki Aakkar Kroum El-Aarab 553 Souaisset Aakkar Balde WaMazraatBalde Mazareaa Jabal Akroum Halba 299 65 110 Qbaiyat
  • Request for an Inspection on the Impacts of the Bisri Dam Project in Lebanon

    Request for an Inspection on the Impacts of the Bisri Dam Project in Lebanon

    June 24th, 2019 To: Executive Secretary, the Inspection Panel 1818 H Street NW, MSN 10 - 1007, Washington, DC 20433, USA REQUEST FOR AN INSPECTION ON THE IMPACTS OF THE BISRI DAM PROJECT IN LEBANON We, the Lebanon Eco Movement (LEM), are a network of 60 environmental NGOs advocating for sustainable development and the protection of the environment in Lebanon. The movement co- founded the Save the Bisri Valley Campaign in collaboration with the affected communities and a group of experts. LEM is also a member in the Arab Watch Coalition. In this request, we represent a group of residents and landowners whose addresses and signatures are enclosed below. We are also attaching a copy of a new petition that gathered more than 30,000 signatures (Annex Z.b). Our network submitted an earlier request for inspection on June 6th, 2018, and the Panel did not recommend investigation. While we acknowledge the Panel’s previous efforts to address our concerns, we believe that the first complaint was not satisfactorily answered. The Recommendation Report given by the Panel focused more on ensuring a checklist of studies is filled rather than evaluating the validity of the studies and, most importantly, the grave social, environmental and economic harms the project poses to Lebanon. Consequently, the Panel accepted inaccurate information and factual discrepancies provided by the Bank Management. Additionally, given the emergence of new evidence and circumstances, we are submitting a new request for inspection. Our concerns have been already conveyed to the relevant authorities and to the World Bank Management in Beirut. However, the concerns were either disregarded, or addressed with neglect and delay.
  • Fy2020 Annual Report Lebanon Community Support Program

    Fy2020 Annual Report Lebanon Community Support Program

    LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM FY2020 ANNUAL REPORT LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this deliverable do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. FY2020 ANNUAL REPORT USAID/LEBANON COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROGRAM OCTOBER 30, 2020 REVISED: DECEMBER 14, 2020 IDIQ Contract No. 72026818D00005 Task Order No. 1 72026818F00002 Task Order No. 2 72026818F00003 Task Order No. 3 72026819F00001 Task Order No. 5 72026819F00003 USAID/Lebanon Community Support Program (CSP) Chemonics International Inc. Fattal-Dolphin Building, 4th Floor, Sin el Fil Beirut, Lebanon FRONT COVER PHOTO Workers undergo a training from the community support director ahead of their first day of clean-up work as part of CSP’s response to the August 4, 2020, explosions in Beirut. The workers received USD 20 per workday to remove rubble and debris through a mix of manual labor and heavy machinery. By the end of Fiscal Year 2020, more than 300 CSP-contracted workers had removed a total of 3,929 tons of debris and rubble from blast-affected neighborhoods. BACK COVER PHOTO Members of the Women’s COOP for Agricultural Products in Jdaidet el Qaitaa (Akkar) package products during a CSP-provided training in July 2020 focused on improving production methods and standardizing recipes. The training is complementing CSP’s activities to finish building a new center for the women’s operations, helping to generate much-needed income for women from one of Lebanon’s most
  • SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON, North Governorate, Akkar District Informal Settlements (IS) Locations and Number of Persons Per IS As of 11 April 2014

    SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON, North Governorate, Akkar District Informal Settlements (IS) Locations and Number of Persons Per IS As of 11 April 2014

    SYRIA REFUGEE RESPONSE LEBANON, North Governorate, Akkar District Informal Settlements (IS) Locations and Number of Persons per IS As of 11 April 2014 Dayret Nahr El-Kabir N N " " 0 P 0 ' ' 0 0 4 4 ° ° 4 4 3 3 P Machta Hammoud001 Sammaqiyé 002 (60) PP (250) P P P P AAridet P Aabboudiye P Cheikh Samm aqiye Khalsa Zennad Sammaqiye 001 Hokr Barcha 001 P Hokr P (210) Ed-Dahri (107) Janine Jouret P Kfar Chir Hmairine 004 Srar Kharnoubet Dibbabiye Khirbet Er Chir Hmairine 008 Aarme Noun (84) P P Barcha Aakkar Remmane Aaouaainat Tall Hmayra 004 PP (301) Noura Machta Qarha Chir Aakkar P Tall PP P Et-Tahta Kneisset Aakkar001 (203) P Hammoud Aakkar Tall P Hmairine Cheikh Zennad 001 (75) Hmayra Qachlaq Bire Tall Hmayra 005 (96) P P P Cheikhlar Aamayer PP Fraydes P (79) P Tall Hmayra003 Srar Rmah Hnaider P Kneisset Tall Hmayra 006 P P Aakkar Mighraq P Aakkar (133) P (129) Cheikh Massaaoudiye Aakkar Ouadi Mounjez Zennad P Aamaret Kouachra 001 Tall Hmayra 001 El-Haour (155) Darine Mzeihme El-Baykat Kouachra (106) Mighraq Aakkar 001 Baghdadi Qsair Haytla Kouachra 002 Aakkar (73) P (55) P Tall Meaayan Tall Kiri 004 Saadine002 P P P Aamriyet P (351) Kouachra 004 Mazraat (137) Tall Aabbas El-Gharbi 002 P P Aakkar P Tall Aabbas P En-Nahriye Kneisset SPaadine P (102) Aamriyet Aakkar 001 P (107) P Ech-Charqi Kouachra 006 P Hnaider Tall M eaayan P (136) Barde Qleiaat Aakkar 002 Tall Aabbas El-Gharbi 015 Tleil (183) Tall Tall Aabbas El-Gharbi 007 Saadine001 Ghazayle (62) P Msalla Mazareaa Jabal Akroum 002 Qleiaat Kiri (142) P Aain Biret (1,011) P (68) Aakkar
  • Republic of Lebanon Council for Development and Reconstruction Lebanon Water Supply Augmentation Project

    Republic of Lebanon Council for Development and Reconstruction Lebanon Water Supply Augmentation Project

    Republic of Lebanon Council for Development and Reconstruction Lebanon Water Supply Augmentation Project Environmental and Social Panel (ESP) of Experts First Mission (March 7th–11th, 2016) Jean-Roger Mercier & Anna M. Kotarba-Morley Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Background ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Terms of Reference (ToR) of the Environmental and Social Panel (ESP) of Experts ........................................ 4 3. First mission narrative ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Supporting documentation ............................................................................................................................................. 5 5. Mission findings ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 5.1. Application of Lebanese rules and regulations and of Donors’ Environmental and Social Safeguard Policy requirements ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 5.2.
  • Layout CAZA AAKAR.Indd

    Layout CAZA AAKAR.Indd

    Qada’ Akkar North Lebanon Qada’ Al-Batroun Qada’ Bcharre Monuments Recreation Hotels Restaurants Handicrafts Bed & Breakfast Furnished Apartments Natural Attractions Beaches Qada’ Al-Koura Qada’ Minieh - Dinieh Qada’ Tripoli Qada’ Zgharta North Lebanon Table of Contents äÉjƒàëªdG Qada’ Akkar 1 QɵY AÉ°†b Map 2 á£jôîdG A’aidamoun 4-27 ¿ƒeó«Y Al-Bireh 5-27 √ô«ÑdG Al-Sahleh 6-27 á∏¡°ùdG A’andaqet 7-28 â≤æY A’arqa 8-28 ÉbôY Danbo 9-29 ƒÑfO Deir Jenine 10-29 ø«æL ôjO Fnaideq 11-29 ¥ó«æa Haizouq 12-30 ¥hõ«M Kfarnoun 13-30 ¿ƒfôØc Mounjez 14-31 õéæe Qounia 15-31 É«æb Akroum 15-32 ΩhôcCG Al-Daghli 16-32 »∏ZódG Sheikh Znad 17-33 OÉfR ï«°T Al-Qoubayat 18-33 äÉ«Ñ≤dG Qlaya’at 19-34 äÉ©«∏b Berqayel 20-34 πjÉbôH Halba 21-35 ÉÑ∏M Rahbeh 22-35 ¬ÑMQ Zouk Hadara 23-36 √QGóM ¥hR Sheikh Taba 24-36 ÉHÉW ï«°T Akkar Al-A’atiqa 25-37 á≤«à©dG QɵY Minyara 26-37 √QÉ«æe Qada’ Al-Batroun 69 ¿hôàÑdG AÉ°†b Map 40 á£jôîdG Kouba 42-66 ÉHƒc Bajdarfel 43-66 πaQóéH Wajh Al-Hajar 44-67 ôéëdG ¬Lh Hamat 45-67 äÉeÉM Bcha’aleh 56-68 ¬∏©°ûH Kour (or Kour Al-Jundi) 47-69 (…óæédG Qƒc hCG) Qƒc Sghar 48-69 Qɨ°U Mar Mama 49-70 ÉeÉe QÉe Racha 50-70 É°TGQ Kfifan 51-70 ¿ÉØ«Øc Jran 52-71 ¿GôL Ram 53-72 ΩGQ Smar Jbeil 54-72 π«ÑL Qɪ°S Rachana 55-73 ÉfÉ°TGQ Kfar Helda 56-74 Gó∏MôØc Kfour Al-Arabi 57-74 »Hô©dG QƒØc Hardine 58-75 øjOôM Ras Nhash 59-75 ¢TÉëf ¢SGQ Al-Batroun 60-76 ¿hôàÑdG Tannourine 62-78 øjQƒæJ Douma 64-77 ÉehO Assia 65-79 É«°UCG Qada’ Bcharre 81 …ô°ûH AÉ°†b Map 82 á£jôîdG Beqa’a Kafra 84-97 GôØc ´É≤H Hasroun 85-98 ¿hô°üM Bcharre 86-97 …ô°ûH Al-Diman 88-99 ¿ÉªjódG Hadath
  • Understanding the Dynamics of Lebanon's Protest Movementi

    Understanding the Dynamics of Lebanon's Protest Movementi

    POLICY OUTLOOK POLICY OUTLOOK DISCUSSION PAPER Understanding the Dynamics of Lebanon’s Protest Movementi In the midst of a severe economic crisis, the protests that broke out in Lebanon on October 17th represent a potential monumental rupture in the country’s post-Civil War political and social order. Lebanon’s ruling class has been shaken and traditional political dynamics have been disrupted. Yet, in a state often characterised as weak, the political and social regime premised on sectarian and confessional divisions remains strong. Attempts to re-enforce sectarian divisions by traditional political parties are a clear demonstration of this dynamic. While the protest movement continues to press its demands for the removal of what they see as a corrupted political class, an independent cabinet and new a new electoral law, many challenges remain. Understanding both the dynamics of the protest movement and the lenses through which politics are viewed in the country represents an important piece of the puzzle in understanding where the country may be heading and determining long-term policy solutions to the country’s economic, political and social ills. The opinions expressed in this policy outlook represent the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the TRT World Research Centre. POLICY OUTLOOK Introduction Background: The On October 17th 2019, Lebanon witnessed an outburst of popular anger ostensibly in reaction to the declared Ta’if Accord and intention to institute a ‘WhatsApp’ tax in the midst of an ongoing economic crisis. Widespread and largely the cementing of a unprecedented protests have been taking place across the country ever since.
  • Lebanon's Unstable Equilibrium

    Lebanon's Unstable Equilibrium

    LEBANON'S UNSTABLE EQUILIBRIUM AUTHOR Mona Yacoubian November 2009 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20036-3011 www.usip.org USIP Peace Briefing: Lebanon's Unstable Equilibrium INTRODUCTION Lebanon's recently announced national unity government has eased fears that the country would once again be mired in a dangerous political stalemate. Yet, despite the recent breakthrough, Lebanon's unstable equilibrium -- marked by both internal and regional tensions - - could still devolve into serious violence. Deep seated sectarian animosities persist, raising the prospects for political instability and civil strife if unaddressed. Regionally, mounting tensions with Israel raise the worrisome possibility of isolated border incidents spiraling into more serious conflict. Taken together these two underlying challenges to stability -- internal civil unrest and regional conflict with Israel -- could undermine Lebanon’s fragile peace. This paper will examine internal challenges to Lebanon’s stability. Formed five months after the June 2009 parliamentary elections, Prime Minister-designate Saad Hariri's consensus cabinet, comprised of his March 14th coalition together with members of the opposition March 8th bloc, is an essential step toward ensuring that Lebanon gains more stable footing. 1 The new government follows a compromise formula allotting 15 cabinet seats to the majority, 10 to the opposition, and five to President Michel Suleiman. While power-sharing arrangements are by nature less effective and more prone to stalemate, they are crucial to Lebanon’s delicately balanced confessional system and provide an essential pathway to civil peace. Beyond the new consensus government, two critical developments would help to facilitate peace and stability in Lebanon: .
  • Working for the People in Mashreq- Brochure

    Working for the People in Mashreq- Brochure

    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized IN MASHREQ THE FOR PEOPLE WORKING IRAQ, LEBANON, JORDAN, IRAN AND SYRIA IRAN JORDAN, LEBANON, IRAQ, FOR MORE INFO, PLEASE CONTACT: Mona Ziade, [email protected] Zeina El Khalil, [email protected] The World Bank Group PHOTO CREDITS Front Cover-Left: Gerhard Jörén/World Bank Front Cover-Center: Mohamad Azakir/World Bank WORKING FOR THE PEOPLE Front Cover-Right: Mohamad Azakir/World Bank Page 8: World Bank Photo Collection Page 12: World Bank Photo Collection Page 13: Mohamad Azakir/World Bank IN MASHREQ Page 16: World Bank Photo Collection Page 17: Arne Hoel/World Bank Page 19: Mohamad Azakir/World Bank IRAQ, LEBANON, JORDAN, IRAN AND SYRIA Page 20: World Bank Photo Collection Page 22: Mohamad Azakir/World Bank Page 23: Mohamad Azakir/World Bank Page 25: World Bank Photo Collection Page 26: Dominic Chavez/World Bank Page 28: World Bank Photo Collection Page 29: Bulent Kilic/AFP/Getty Images Page 31: Ahmad Al Hayali Page 32: Dominic Chavez/World Bank Page 34: Dominic Chavez/World Bank Page 35: Dominic Chavez/World Bank Page 37: Dominic Chavez/World Bank Page 38: World Bank Photo Collection Page 40: Mohamad Azakir/World Bank Working for the People in Mashreq HIGHLIGHTED PROJECTS Economic Opportunities for Jordanians and Syrian Refugees (Jordan) 16 Emergency Social Stabilization and Resilience Project (Iraq) 16 Table of Contents 18 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development for Inclusive Growth Project (Jordan) Supporting