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T3 B7ecotoxreviewedited.Pdf Suffolk County Vector Control and Wetlands Management Long-Term Plan Literature Review Task Three— Ecological Toxicity of Mosquito Control Agents January 2005 SUFFOLK COUNTY VECTOR CONTROL AND WETLANDS MANAGEMENT LONG - TERM PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PROJECT SPONSOR Steve Levy Suffolk County Executive Department of Public Works Department of Health Services Charles J. Bartha, P.E. Brian L. Harper, M.D., M.P.H. Commissioner Commissioner Richard LaValle, P.E. Vito Minei, P.E. Chief Deputy Commissioner Director, Division of Environmental Quality Leslie A. Mitchel Deputy Commissioner PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project Manager: Walter Dawydiak, P.E., J.D. Chief Engineer, Division of Environmental Quality, Suffolk County Department of Health Services Suffolk County Department of Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Division of Vector Health Services, Office of Ecology Control Martin Trent Dominick V. Ninivaggi Acting Chief Superintendent Kim Shaw Tom Iwanejko Bureau Supervisor Entomologist Robert M. Waters Mary E. Dempsey Bureau Supervisor Biologist Laura Bavaro Senior Environmental Analyst Erin Duffy Environmental Analyst Phil DeBlasi Environmental Analyst Jeanine Schlosser Principal Clerk Cashin Associates, PC. & Integral Consulting, Inc. i Suffolk County Vector Control and Wetlands Management Long-Term Plan Literature Review Task Three— Ecological Toxicity of Mosquito Control Agents January 2005 SUFFOLK COUNTY LONG TERM PLAN CONSULTANT TEAM Cashin Associates, P.C. Hauppauge, NY Subconsultants Cameron Engineering, L.L.P. Syosset, NY Integral Consulting Annapolis, MD Bowne Management Systems, Inc. Mineola, NY Kamazima Lwiza, PhD Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY Ducks Unlimited Stony Brook, NY Steven Goodbred, PhD & Laboratory Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY RTP Environmental Westbury, NY Sinnreich, Safar & Kosakoff Central Islip, NY Bruce Brownawell, PhD & Laboratory Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY Anne McElroy, PhD & Laboratory Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY Andrew Spielman, PhD Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Richard Pollack, PhD Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA Wayne Crans, PhD Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Susan Teitelbaum, PhD Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY Zawicki Vector Management Consultants Freehold, NJ Michael Bottini, Turtle Researcher East Hampton, NY Robert Turner, PhD & Laboratory Southampton College, NY Christopher Gobler, PhD & Laboratory Southampton College, NY Mississippi Department of Health, Jackson, Jerome Goddard, PhD MS Sergio Sanudo, PhD & Laboratory Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY Suffolk County Department of Health Services, Division of Environmental Hauppauge, NY Quality Cashin Associates, PC. & Integral Consulting, Inc. ii Suffolk County Vector Control and Wetlands Management Long-Term Plan Literature Review Task Three— Ecological Toxicity of Mosquito Control Agents January 2005 Primary research for this report was conducted by Integral Consulting, Inc. (personnel including Judi Durda and Damian Preziosi). It was edited and revised in response to comments by Cashin Associates (personnel including David Tonjes, PhD) and Integral Consulting, Inc. (personnel including Judi Durda, Damian Preziosi, and Jim Lape). Review was provided by Cashin Associates (personnel including David J. Tonjes, PhD), Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Division of Vector Control, and Suffolk County Department of Health Services. Additional comments have been received from _____. Cashin Associates, PC. & Integral Consulting, Inc. iii Suffolk County Vector Control and Wetlands Management Long-Term Plan Literature Review Task Three— Ecological Toxicity of Mosquito Control Agents January 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................7 2. OVERVIEW OF PRIMARY LIST MOSQUITO CONTROL AGENTS......................................................8 3. ECOTOXICITY DATA AND INFORMATION SOURCES..........................................................................9 4. ECOLOGICAL RECEPTOR GROUPS AND MEASURES OF EFFECTS ..............................................11 4.1. ECOLOGICAL RECEPTOR GROUPS................................................................................................................11 4.2. MEASURES OF EFFECT.................................................................................................................................12 5. ECOTOXICITY SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................13 5.1. LARVICIDES ................................................................................................................................................14 5.1.1. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) ...........................................................................................14 5.1.2. Bacillus sphaericus (Bs)..................................................................................................................17 5.1.3. Methoprene .....................................................................................................................................18 5.2. PYRETHROID ADULTICIDES.........................................................................................................................20 5.2.1. Permethrin ......................................................................................................................................21 5.2.2. Resmethrin ......................................................................................................................................23 5.2.3. Sumithrin.........................................................................................................................................25 5.3. ORGANOPHOSPHATE ADULTICIDES .............................................................................................................26 5.3.1. Malathion........................................................................................................................................26 5.4. SYNERGISTS ................................................................................................................................................32 5.4.1. Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) ..............................................................................................................32 5.5. REPELLANTS ...............................................................................................................................................33 5.5.1. Garlic Oil........................................................................................................................................33 LITERATURE CITED .............................................................................................................................................35 TABLE OF TABLES Table 1: Primary List of Mosquito Control Agents Identified for Detailed Review Table 2: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) Table 3: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) Table 4: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Methoprene Table 5: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Permethrin Table 6: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Resmethrin Table 7: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Sumithrin Table 8: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Malathion Table 9: Ecotoxicity Data Summary Table - Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) TABLE OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Bibliography of Recent Ecotoxicological Literature on Mosquito Control Agents Cashin Associates, PC. & Integral Consulting, Inc. iv Suffolk County Vector Control and Wetlands Management Long-Term Plan Literature Review Task Three— Ecological Toxicity of Mosquito Control Agents January 2005 TABLE OF ACRONYMS AChE Acetylcholinesterase ACh Acetylcholine APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ARS Agricultural Research Station ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Bs Bacillus sphaericus Bt Bacillus thuringiensis Bti Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis CA Cashin Associates, P.C. CE Cameron Engineering & Associates, LLP CTDEP Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection CYP1A Cytochrome P4501A DEIS New York City Adult Mosquito Control Program: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DGEIS Westchester County Comprehensive Mosquito-Borne Disease Surveillance and Control Plan: Draft Generic Environmental Impact Statement EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FCCMC Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control FDA Food and Drug Administration FGEIS Westchester County Comprehensive Mosquito-Borne Disease Surveillance and Control Plan: Final Generic Environmental Impact Statement FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank IRIS Integrated Risk Information System kDa Kilo Dalton LC50 Concentration which is lethal to 50% of a sample population LD50 Dose which is lethal to 50% of a sample population LOAEC Lowest observable adverse effect concentration LOEC Lowest observable effect concentration LOAEL Lowest observable adverse effect level LOEL Lowest observable effect level NCIPM National Center for Integrated Pest Management NIH National Institute of Health NLM National
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