Report of Commlttee on Mining Fac111tles x

Guy A Johnson Chairman U S Bureau of M~nes

E Sanford Bell V~ce Chairman R B Jones Corp

W~lham H Pomroy Secretary U S Bureau of M~nes (Nonvoting)

Charles F Avert11 Gmnnell F~re Protection Systems Co Inc Roland J Larsh Ansul Co Rep NAS & FCA J Richard Lucas V~rg~nla Polytechnlcal & State Un~verslty R~chard G Brown AMAX Inc Walter T Magera U S M~n~ng Enforcement & Safety Adm~n J L Buckley Factory Mutual Research Corp John Nagy Library PA Donald E Burkhart Jr FMC ~orp Wlll~am J Penly Marquette Cement Manufacturing Co Donald C Clark The Hartford Insurance Group Rep Portlant Cement Assn Dab~d G Czartoryskl Flat Top Insurance Agency Rolf W Roley Roley & Roley Engineers W Carl Cr~ner Mine Safety Bureau Idaho Wlll~am T Tr~nker The M~ll Mutuals Len Hansson Bucyrus Erie Co Robert L Vines B~tum~nous Coal Operators Assn Inc Howard R Healey American Risk Management Inc James H W~nger U S National Bureau of Standards Will B Jameson Consolldated Coal Co Thomas L deL~me Ill K~dde Bellewlle James W Jewett Deere & Co Rep Amerlcan Society of Agricultural Engineers

Alternates

Byron C Brumbaugh Henderson M~ne AMAX Leland J Hall The M~ll Mutuals (Alternate to R~chard G Brown) (Alternate to W T Tr~nker) Paul H Dobson Facory Mutual Research Corp (Alternate to J L Buckley)

Thls hst represents the membershlp at the time the Commlttee was balloted on the text of thls edltlon Since that tlme changes in the membershlp may have occurred The Committee on M1nlng Fac111tles proposes for adoptlon its Report on a new document NFPA 121 1981 Standard on Fire Protectlon for Moblle Surface M1~ing Equlpment

Thls Report has been submltted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Mlnlng Fac111tles whlch conslsts of 23 votlng members of whom 15 voted affirmatively 5 negatlvely (Messrs C Averlll J Buckley D Burkhart R Larsh and J Nagy) and 3 ballots not returned (Messrs C W Grlner W Penly and R Roley)

Mr Averlll voted negatlvely for the following reasons 1 In the scope the reference to safeguardlng 11fe should be deleted The imphcatlon is that if one follows the recon~nendatlons of thls standard anyone on the moblle equlpment would be safe from bodlly injury or death Thls of course is not true and because of the attltude In the llab111ty area could lead to legal comphcatlons for NFPA i I suggest the scope be rewsed to read Thls standard covers m~nlmum requirements for the protectlon of self propelled mobile surface mn~ng equlpment from flre and related hazards 2 Paragraph 2 3 2 2 is inapproprlate as wrltten If the llstlng of agents following the openlng statement is In fact intended to 11lustrate agents used in mnlng uslng the broad connotatlon of the word mlnlng the the informatlon does not belong in thls standard If on the other hand It is the intent to llst suppressants commonly used on surface mlnlng equlpmeent then the paragraph should so state I also questlon the llsting of foam as an agent for use off Class A materlals Whlle it may have some affect on a Class A flre I can thlnk of very few if any circumstances where it would be the agent of choice Mr Buckley voted negatlvely for the followlng reasons Paragraph 3 1 6 3 An on board f~re detection and suppresslon system should be automatlc wlthout quantlflcat~on Mr Burkhart voted negatively for the following reasons I feel that the proposed standard ~s to broad and there are not suff~clent specific requirements I believe that a standard should set mln~mum requirements and th~s does not Too much of the standard is devoted to general flre protection principles and theory and an overview of flre protection technology There }s not one specific mln~mum requirement for f~xed automatic or portable f~re protectlon equlpment

Mr Larsh voted negatively for the following reasons Although a great deal of ~nformatlon ~s listed ~n the appendices there ~s no consistent c~tlng of NFPA standards ~n the body of th~s proposed standard which ~s where they should be c~ted An additional comment on the citlng of NFPA standards ~s they should not include the date of the standard In this proposed standard they are citing both ways There is some ~nformat~on }n th~s proposed standard which belongs ~n the appendix and some informat~on ~n the appendix which really belongs In the standard For example the term flame proof ~s not defined but ~s used ~n the standard The same term ~s defined in the appendlx and ~nd~cates in th~s definition that the term ~s mslead~ng and its use should be described ~n favor of of flame resistant The standard does not clearly address the sltuat~on when a vehicle ~s ~n a maintenance area and what f~re protection ~s required within the maintenance area in addition to that on the vehicle as opposed to the s~tuat~on where the vehicle ~s being worked upon but not necessarlly in a maintenance area and what flre protection ~s requlred In that sltuatlon Paragraph 1 3 1 Delete the last 3 words ~n the sentence Paragraph 2 1 Make the def~n~tlons of the classes of f~re consistent w~th those ~n NFPA IOA Section 2 2 It Is recommended that th~s ~nformatlon be c~rculated through the NFPA 72E Committee and because of the extent to which detectlon ~s treated ~n th~s proposed standards ~t ~s also recommended that a formal l~a~son be established with the NFPA 7Z~ ~omm~ttee Paragraph 2 3 1 It ~s recommended that the descriptions of the various flre suppression agents that are ~ncorporated ~n other NFPA standards ~ e NFPA10 12 12A 12B 17 11 11A 11B etc be used There was an addlt~onal general comment that ~nd~cated a need to critically review all of sectlon 2 3 1 in terms of the mechanisms of extinguishment proposed For example ~n 2 3 1 3 dry powder ~s used on Class D metal f~res to remove oxygen from the burning metal Thls ~s clearly an incorrect statement and should be corrected Paragraph 2 3 1 6 Delete the term vaporlz~ng l~qu~d and it should also be noted that the various halon agents should be ~dent~fled as their physlcal and chem}cal properties do dlffer Paragraph 2 3 1 7 It Is recommended that the term loaded stream be used in lieu of antifreeze solution There was also a question regarding the mechanlsm of ext~ngulshment in terms of breaking the combustion chain reactlon Paragraph 2 3 2 2 It ~s recommended that the approach taken in NFPA 803 Chapter 13 be used in this section Th~s approach consists of c~ting the extinguishing agents based on the fuel classlf~catlon ~n the hazard For example for Class A hazards the extinguishing agent shall be selected from the following types water foam Halon 1211 or mult~ purpose dry chemcal only It ~s further recommended that the use of the term antifreeze be deleted ~n all f~re classes and be replaced by loaded stream where appropriate Class D flres

288 should be treated the same as paragraph 13 1 2 4 on page 45 of NFPA 803 1978 The sentence beglnnlng with inert materials in this classlflcatlon should also be deleted Paragraph 2 3 2 2 The exemptlon for automatic sprinklers under B 2 is questioned Paragraph 2 3 3 3 It ~s recommended that NFPA 17 and NFPA 12 or 12A be used as a cross reference for the deflnltlons of local apphcatlon and total floodlng Paragraph 2 3 4 3 It was recommended that this paragraph be reworded as in its present form it Is confusing No rewording was suggested Paragraph 3 i 5 Change this paragraph to include that the inspection maintenance testing of detection and suppression equipment shall be in accordance w~th the requirements of apphcable NFPA standards and the manufacturer s recommendations Paragraph 3 i 6 2 Thl~paragraph as wrltten does not constitute a requlrement and cannot remain in the body of the standard It was also suggested that the term engine be deflned Paragraph 3 i 6 4 Change to indicate that all detection and suppresslon equlpment and systems shall be tested after installatlon in accordance with the requirements of the applicable NFPA standards and manufacturer s or designer s lnstructlons Paragraph 3 1 6 5 Change to read where electrical power is the sole means of systems actuation a back up source of power shall be provided Paragraph 3 1 6 6 Delete thls paragraph as it contradicts paragraph 3 1 6 5 Paragraph 3 i 9 2 Define the term pre plan it is vague as used in thls context Paragraph 3 2 3 1 In the first sentence change it to its In the second sentence drop the term sultable preceding trained Paragraph 3 2 3 2 Change to read cutting and welding equlpment to be used shall be In good repair Paragraph 3 2 3 6 First sentence change of to its Paragraph 3 2 3 7 It was recommended that NFPA 327 be reviewed to insure that it required some kind of determlnatlon of the chemical composition of the atmosphere i e gas detector prlor to the issuance of a work permit involving welding or cuttlng of tanks Paragraph 3 2 3 9 Delete the word suitably preceding protected Paragraph 3 2 3 10 The term minor fire must be defined or replaced Paragraph 3 2 3 12 Rewrite as follows when welding or cuttlng is to be performed a program of systematic planning involvlng malntenance operatlng and loss prevention personnel shall be required by management The use of a welding permlt system shall be required by management The use of weldlng permt system shall be consldered by management Paragraph 3 2 5 It is recommended that this entire paragraph be moved to the scope statement at the beginning of the standard This statement as presently wrltten does not constitute a requlrement Appendix A All of the terms used here should to the greatest extent possible reflect standardized NFPA deflnltlons If a standard deflnltlon is not avallable the term defined should not be used in the body of the standard If the term must be used in the body of the standard a clear deflnltlon must appear in the standard not in the appendlx Section A 2 2 It is strongly recommended that all of the information contained in thls section be clrculated to the NFPA 72E Commlttee for thelr comment and consent Section A 3 1 1 Hazard Analysis Change the word ordered to selected in the first sentence Page 24 thlrd paragraph from top add~ and maintenance requirements Page 26 Item V B change 50oc to 49oc Item V C This statement constitutes a requirement and must appear In the maln standard or be changed Item V D Delete the term approved preceding vehlcle brackets Item V P This is a requlrement and must either be changed or incorporated in the maln body of the standard Item Vl D Water Is listed twice as item 5 and item 12 hluoroproteln and protein foams are not included in thls list but are included In the dlscusslon of agents in the main body of the standard Item 11 should be changed from antifreeze to loading stream Page 31 Reference ANSI B30 15 hydraulic is mlsspelled Page 32 and 33 There are several articles referenced showing no author Figure 3 The upper left hand tanks and nozzle set when vlewlng the loader are not connected to any actuatlon means Mr Nagy voted negatively for the following reasons I change my previous affirmative vote to negative because I agree with Don Burkharts in that the code as proposed does not specify minimum requirements for safeguarding llfe and property However the code should be made conslstentllf in Sectlon 1 1 the word requirement was changed to recommendations

121 1 (Entire Document) Accept SUBMITTER Technical Committee on Mlnlng Facllltles ~ATION Adopt a new document NFPA 211 Standard for Fire Protection for Mobile Surface Mining Equipment SUBSTANTIATION The Fire Protection for Moblle Surface Mining Equipment Project was establlshed by the NFPA Standards Council to develop requirements for fire protection on mobile surface mining equlpment This proposed new standard is the culmlnatlon of J efforts of the Committee to develop such requlrements COt~41TTEE ACTION Accept f

289 Standard on Fire Protection for 2 3 i I Water extingulshes a fire by cooling smothering Moblle Surface Mining Equipment d11utlng or emulsifylng Additives may be introduced into water to control properties such as freezing polnt or frlct~on NFPA 121 1981 2 3 1 2 Dry chemical is composed of tiny partlcles of various compounds Smotherlng cooling and radlatlon shielding contrlbute [qlPJ: to its extinguishing efficlency but studies suggest that a chain breaking reaction In the flame may be the prlnc~pal cause of An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a extingulshment paragraph indicates explanatory material on that paragraph In Appendix A 2 3 1 3 Dry powder Is composed of very small partlcles of various compounds It Is used on Class D metal flres to absorb heat and Information on referenced publications can be found in Appendix remove oxygen from the burning metal B 2 3 1 4 Foam Is an aggregate of gas f111ed bubbles formed from an aqueous solution Foamextlngulshes a flre by coohng and Chapter I Introduction smothering the fuel It also prevents relgmtlon by suppressing formation of flammable vapors 1 I Scope Thls standard covers minimum requirements for safeguarding life and property against flre and related hazards 2 3 1 5 Carbon dloxide is a relatlvely inert electrlcally associated wlth surface self propelled mobile mining equipment nonconductlve gas which extlngulshes a fire by reducing the Portable mining equipment is not treated in this standard concentrations of oxygen and/or the gaseous phase of the fuel In the air to the point where combustion stops 1 2 Purpose This standard is for use by those charged with mine flre prevention and protection and with the responsibility for 2 3 i ~ Halons are a class of vaporlzlng liquid and llquefled purchasing designing insta111ng testing inspecting approving gas type agents According to present knowledge halons listlng operating or maintaining both mine fire protection extingulsh a fire by Inhlbiting the chemlcal reactlon of fuel and equipment and mobile surface mining equipment oxygen

1 2 1 Only those skilled in fire protection are competent to Z 3 1 7 Antifreeze solution is a listed proprietary product with design and supervise the installation of mine fire protection a Class B rating intended for use In extlnguishers or systems It equipment It m~y be necessary for those charged with purchasing extinguishes a fire by coollng jdllutlon or breaklng the testing approving operating and maintaining fire protection combustion chaln reaction equipment for mobile mining equipment to consult an experienced fire protection specialist Z 3 2 Selection of Suppressant

1 2 2 Where the fire hazard has llttle bearing on personnel 2 3 2 1 The selection of the fire suppressant shall take into safety property flre protection should be commensurate with the account the class of flre which can be expected ~n the area to be magnitude of the potential loss protected and any special characteristics of the equlpment installed in that area and the expected amblent condltlons 1 3* Definitions / 2 3 2 2 The followlng suppressants are commonly used in mlnlng 1 3 1 Mobile mining equipment means off highway mining equipment that Is self propelled and in use Class A Dry chemicals of the n~noanlnonlum phosphate and diammonium phosphate basic composition 1 3 2 Portable mining equipment means mining equipment that may be moved frequently is constructed or mounted to facilitate such Foams formed from aqueous base solutions of the protein movement but is not self propelled fluoroprotein and synthetlcally produced types

1 4 Nothing In this document Is intended to restrict new Water technologles or alternative arrangements providing the level of safety and/or protectlon prescribed by this standard is not Antifreeze solution lowered / Halon Chapter Z General Information Class B Dry chemicals of the sodlum bicarbonate monoemmonlum phosphate diammonlum phosphate potassium bicarbonate 2 1 Class of flre refers to the nature of the fuel involved or urea based potassium bicarbonate and potasslum chloride in the case of Class C fires the presence of energized electrical basic compositlon conductors Fires are classifed as follows Foams formed from aqueous base solutions of the proteln Class A Fires Involving ordinary combustible materials such as fluoroproteln and synthetically produced types wood cloth rubber and many plastlcs Carbon dioxide Class B Fires involving flammable or combustible liquids flammable gasses greases and similar materials Halons Class C Fires involving energized electrical equipment Water spray or fog

C1~ss D Fires Involvlng certain combustible metals such as Antlfreeze solution magnesium titanium sodium potassium etc Class C Dry chemicals of the sodlum bicarbonate monoammonium 2 2* Fire Detection phosphate dlammonlum phosphate potassium blcarbonate urea based potassium b~carbonate and potassium chloride 2 2 1 Three types of detectors are commonly used to sense the basic composltlon presence of flre heat smoke and flame Heatdetectors sense an abnormally high temperature or rate of temperature rise Heat Carbon dioxide detectors are generally classified as fixed temperature or rate of rlse Smokedetectors sense the presence of vislble Halons and/or invisible particles of combustion Flamedetectors sense the infrared visible or ultraviolet llght emitted by a fire Fixed water spray

2 Z 2* Comparbnent sizes and contours air flow patterns Class D Dry powder agents composed of sodium chloride or obstructions and other characteristics of the protected area graphite with other partlculate materlal added shall be taken Into account in the placement type sensitivity and number of detectors used Inert materials such as dry sand foundry flux etc

2 2 3 Fire detectors may be used for audible or visual warning All Classes In some cases fires may be extlngulshed by burying automatic actuation of a fire suppression system or equipment the involved machine with sand soll or other shutdown readily avallable inert material 2 3 Fire Suppression 2 3 3 Fire Suppresslon Equipment

2 3 1 Fire Suppressant Agents There are seven common fire 2 3 3 1 All flre suppresslon equlpment shall be listed or suppressant agents water (with or without antifreeze additives) approved for the purpose intended dry chemical dry powder foam carbon dioxide halons and antifreeze solutions

290 2 3 3 2 The ~nstallat~on of fire suppression equipment shall The date of the last prevlous inspectlon shall be a sufflclent conslder the method of delivery of the f~re suppressant to the record area to be protected Such methods of dellvery ~nclude the follow~ng 3 1 6 The followlng methods of flre protection shall be considered (a) Portable Means Extinguishers of the hand held or wheeled type which are capable of being carried or moved about or 3 1 6 I Detectlon and Early Warning When the presence of fire systems cons~stlng of a hose reel or rack hose and discharge cannot be readily detected by~ the operator because of equipment nozzle assembly connected to a supply of suppressant conflguratlon detectlon and warnlng shall be provlded by installation of f~re detectors and alarm devlces (b) Fixed Systems 3 1 6 2 Portable Protectlon In add~tlon to that requlred in I Manuallyactuated systems which consist of a f~xed means 3 i 4 addlt~onal external portable protection such as hose hnes of agent distribution and are activated manually or standplpes englnes or other sultable means may be approprlate

2 Automat}c systems which consist of a f~xed means of agent 3 1 6 3 Fixed Fire Protectlon Where a flre hazard area ]s distribution and are actuated automatically by one or more sufflclently enclosed or inaccessible or where a flre could detectors Such systems except automatic spr}nkler systems shall develop so rapidly as to prevent adequate flre flght~ng and additionally have the capabll~ty of belng manually actuated suppression by portable means a fixed f}re suppresslon system shall be Installed Where a fixed f]re suppression system ~s 2 3 3 3 F]re suppresslon equipment consisting of a f~xed requlred the system shall be actlvated by automatlc means if one installation designed to protect a particular area may ~nclude one or both of the followlng condltlons exist or more of the following (a) The flre hazard is such that the flre is expected to occur (a) Local appl]catlon system consisting of a sufflc~ent supply when the equipment ]s unattended of suppressant permanently connected to a d~str~bution system arranged to d~scharge ~nto a deflned area or space but not (b) The equlpment is attended but where personnel may be unable designed for total flooding to actlvate the system because the flre blocks egress and a manual actuator ~s not readily accessible (b) Total flooding system conslsting of a sufficient supply of suppressant permanently connected to a d~str~but~on system 3 1 6 4 All flre detectlon and flre suppresslon equlpment and arranged to d~scharge into and totally flood a specific enclosed systems shall be tested after installation accordlng to the space manufacturer s or designer s ~nstruct~ons Testing need not requlre the dlscharge of supplressant (c) A combination of (a) and (b) above 3 1 6 5 A backup source of power shall be provlded where (d) Automatic sprinkler system consisting of a sufficient electrlcal power is the sole means of system actuatlon supply of suppressant (normally water) permanently connected to a distribution system w~th sprinklers affixed to selectively 3 1 6 6 The authorlty hawng 3urlsdlctlon shall determlne when a discharge the suppressant only to the affected area detection system requlres backup electrlcal power

2 3 4 Installation Precautions 3 1 7 Location of Extlngulshers and Manual Actuators Due to the extreme environment and rugged operating conditlons in whlch most 2 3 4 1 Fire suppresslon means applied to hazards involving moblle minlng equlpment must operate compliance w~th the usual energized electrical equipment shall be safe ~n the act of extlngulsher and manual actuator statlon location requirements utilization Portable means of fire suppression shall be of the detailed in other NFPA standards may not be practlcal or safe nonconductwe suppressant type (Class C) Portable means of f~re Locatlon of extlngulshers and manual actuator stations shall be suppression of other types shall not be present to prevent their appropriate to each application protected agalnst physlcal damage inadvertent use and accessible Consideration shall be given to multlple locations on larger machines to permt utillzatlon from both 2 3 4 2 Where inadvertent actuation of the f~re suppression normal operator locations and ground level system could result in injury consideration shall be given to provisions for deactlvat]ng the system durlng the exposure 3 1 8 Housekeeping

2 3 4 3 Particular attention shall be pa~d to locating fire 3 1 8 I Combustible mater~al shall not be allowed to accumulate suppression equipment so that the enwronmental restrictions such ~n any area or in any manner so as to create a fire hazard as temperature or moisture of the listing or approval of the equipment ~s strictly adhered to 3 1 8 2 Access routes shall be kept clear of obstructlons to permit ready access to and use of flre protectlon equlpment

Chapter 3 Fire Protection Requirements 3 1 8 3 Equipment shall be kept clean and free of o~l and grease Only approved water solutlons or detergents sweeping 3 1 General Requirements and Recommendations compounds and grease absorbents shall be used for cleaning

3 1 1" A hazard analysis shall be performed on each p~ece of 3 1 8 4 Approved metal receptacles shall be prowded for the mobile surface mln]ng equipment This analysis shall start with storage of oil soaked waste or cloths until removed to a safe the evaluation of the relative danger of the start and spread of place for dlsposal flre generation of smoke gasses or toxic fumes or the possibillty of explosion or other occurrence endangering the l~ves 3 i 8 5 Combustible rubbish shall be placed ~n covered metal and safety of personnel or causing significant damage to property receptacles until removed tola safe place for disposal

3 1 2 The analysis shall then ~nclude an ~dent~ficat~on of the 3 1 8 6 The storage and handling of flammable and/or combustible means avallable for eliminating existing hazardous condltlons liquids shall be ~n accordance w~th applicable portions of the detecting and giving an early warning of f~re normal or emergency Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 30 means of egress from a workplace to escape a fire situation presence of barriers or enclosures to prevent or contain the 3 1 9 Training and Organization spread of fire availability of fire fighting personnel or provision of fire fighting and f~re suppression equipment and any 3 1 g i All mobile mln~ng equipment operators supervisors other procedures necessary to protect life and property maintenance personnel and other individuals exposed to mobile m~nlng equipment flre hazards shall be tra}ned ~n the proper use 3 i 3 Any one of these means of protection may be adequate of hand portable extlngulshers and any other f~re protection although in many cases a combination of these means is necessary equipment prowded Personnel shall also be instructed ~n the proper emergency procedures to be followed during a flre 3 1 4 All mobile equipment shall be equipped w~th portable means of fire suppression Suchmeans shall be readily accessible and 3 1 9 2 Every property shall provide a pre plan to deal w~th immediately available ~n the event of fire Such means shall f~res and related emergencies The potential magnitude of f~res additionally be securely mounted to minimize mechanical damage and and the availab~llty and suitability of public sealed or secured to dlscourage tempering The installation of asslstance shall be evaluated to determne the extent of the manual or autematlc systems for a spec~flc hazard shall not organ~zatlon to be provided ~f any elimlnate the need for portable protectlon 3 1 9 3 If a private f~re brigade is required provisions of NFPA 3 1 5 All fire detection and fire suppression equipment shall be 27 Recommendations for Organization Training and Equipment of periodically inspected maintained and tested according to Private F~re Brigades shall be followed manufacturers recommendations to insure functional readiness during a f~re emergency The ~nspection records shall be a part of the normal vehicle maintenance record

291 3 2 Special Requirements Appendix A

3 2 1 Normally Unattended Areas When a flre can be expected to Th}s Appendlx }s not a part of the requlrements occur }n an area not normally under observation and could develop (recommendatlons) of this NFPA document but is included for to the point where ~t would expose attended areas to a hazard a informat}on purposes only fire detectlon system connected to an alarm system in a normally occupied area shall be prowded for early warning of a f~re A 1 3 Explanat}on of Terms The terms In thls standard are in accordance wlth general usage and dlctlonary deflnltlons Those 3 2 2 When an area ~s enclosed and locked provlslon shall be l~sted below are used wlth the meanings ind~cated A number of made for prompt access to permt safe f~re flght]ng Where special terms are }ndlvldually def}ned In the text voltage to ground exceeds 30 volts provision shall be made for safely de energizing electrical equipment ~nvolved ~n a f~re Combustlble is used to refer to a material or structure whlch can burn Combustlble Is a relatwe term many materlals wh]ch w111 3 2 3 Welding and Cuttlng burn under one settof condltlons will not ourn under others e g structural steel Is noncombustlble but fine steel wool ~s 3 2 3 1 Management shall recognlze ~ts respons~bll~ty for the combust}ble The term combustible does not usually indlcate ease safe usage of cutting and welding equ}pment on ~ts property of }gn}tlon burnlng }ntenslty or rate of burning except when Cutters or welders and their supervlsors shall be sultably trained modlfled by a word such as hlghly as ~n hlghly combustlble ~n the safe operation of their equipment and emergency procedures interlor flnlsh in the event of a flre The ~ndlv}dual responsible for cuttlng and welding operations shall be aware of the fire hazards Combust}ble L1quld }s a llquld wh}ch has a flash polnt at or above ~nvolved 100OF

3 2 3 2 Cuttlng and welding equipment to be used shall be in Fire preventlon refers prlmarlly to measures dlrected towards satisfactory operating condition and in good repalr avo~dlng the inception of fire Fire preventlon as used In the standard is not synonymous wlth f}re protectlon 3 2 3 3 Compressed gases shall be stored in accordance w]th Chapter 2 of the Standard for the Installat~on and Operat]on of Fireproof has been offlclally d~scontlnued ~n NFPA publ~catlons as Oxygen Fuel Gas Systems for Weldlng and Cutting (NFPA 51 1977) m}sleadlng as no materlal Is immune to the effects of flre of sufflclent }ntenslty and duratlon although flreproof as popularly 3 2 3 4 Fully charged and operable fire extlngu~shers used is synonymous with flre reslstlve as deflned here appropriate for the class of fire to be expected shall be available at the work area Where hose 11nes are available they Fire load refers to the amount of combustlbles present In a g~ven shall be connected and ready for servlce sltuatlon usually expressed in~terms of weight of combustlble material per square foot Thls ~easure ~s employed frequently to 3 2 3 5 All combustibles shall be relocated or protected with calculate the degree of flre res}stance requlred to withstand a flameproofed covers or otherwise shielded w~th metal or other flre or to 3udge the rate of appllcatlon and quantlty of appropriate guards or curtalns 0pen~ngs or cFacks in walls ext~ngulshlng agent needed to control or extlngulsh a fire partitions floor decks or ducts shall be tlghtly covered to prevent the passage of sparks to adjacent areas Fire protect}on Is used In two senses The general sense typlfled by the use of the term ~n the National Fire Protection AsSoclat~on 3 2 3 6 If welding is to be done on a metal wall partlt~ons name ~ncludes everything related to the preventlon detection celllng or roof precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition and suppression of flre reduction of losses and other matters of combustibles on the other s~de due to conduct}on or radlatlon covered }n the standard It covers both the safeguardlng of human preferably by relocating combustibles Where combustibles are not life and the preservation of property In ~ts spec~flc sense flre relocated a flre watch on the opposite slde from the work shall protection refers to the methods of provld~ng for flre control or be provided fire suppresslon

3 2 3 7 Welding shall not be performed in the presence of Fire resistance is a relatwe term used wlth a numerical rating explosive atmospheres (mxtures of flammable gasses vapors or mod~fy]ng adaect]ve to indlcate the extent to which a material }]quids or dusts w}th a~r) or exploslve atmospheres that may or structure resists the effect of f~re e g flre resistance of develop Inside uncleaned or Improperly prepared drums tanks or two hours as measured on the ~Standard Time Temperature Curve other conta}ners and equipment wh}ch prewously contained such materlals or that may develop in areas w~th an accumulatlon of F~re res~stlve refers to propertles or deslgns to resist the combustlble dusts (See NFPA 327 Standard Procedures for Cleanlng effects of any f}re to whlch a materlal or structure may be or Safeguarding Small Tanks and Containers and American Welding expected to be sub3ected F~re reslst~ve materials or assemblies Soclety A 6 0 1965 Safety Practices for Welding and Cutting of materials are noncombustible but noncombust}ble materials are Containers That Have Held Combustibles ) not necessarily flre reslstlve flre res~stlve ~mpl~es a higher degree of fire reslstance than noncumbustible 3 2 3 8 Where automatic sprinkler protectlon is installed in the cuttlng or welding site ~t shall be maintained ~n servlce if in general denotes a substantlally lower degree posslble whlle the work ]s belng done of f~re reslstance than f~re res~st}ve and ~s often used to refer to materlals or structures whlch are combustible in whole or in 3 2 3 9 Conveyor systems that m~ght carry sparks to dlstant part but have been subjected to treatments or have surface combustibles shall be suitably protected cover]ngs to prevent or retard ~gnlt]on or the spread of flre under the conditions for which they are designed 3 2 3 10 A f~re watch shall be required whenever cuttlng or weld}ng Is performed ~n locations where other than a mnor f~re Flameproof and flemeproof]ng are mlslead~ng terms and their use ~s m~ght be expected to develop discouraged ]n favor of flame retardant or flame resistant

3 2 3 11 A f~re watch shall be malntalned for at least a half Flame retardant refers to materlals which due to chemlcal hour after completion of cutting or welding operations to detect treatment or ~nherent properties do not lgnlte readily or and extinguish posslble smoldering flres Fire watchers shall propagate flaming under small to moderate exposure It Is the have flre ext}ngu~shing equipment readily available and be tralned preferable term to denote chemlcals processes paints or in ~ts use Fire watchers shall be fam]llar w~th facilities and coatlngs used for the treatment of such materials as fabrics and procedures for sounding an alarm ~n the event of a flre slmlar ~tems Flame retardant denotes a lower degree of resistance than flre retardant 3 2 3 12 When welding or cutting ~s to be performed ~n locations where other than a minor f~re might develop a program of Flammable ~s used to descrlbe a combustlble mater~al that ignites systematic pre job planning ~nvolvlng for example maintenance very easlly burns ~ntensely or has a rapid rate of flamespread operatln 9 and loss prevention personnel and use of a weldlng Flammable ~s used in a general sense w~thout reference to specific permt system shall be considered by management llm~ts of ~gn~t~on temperature rate of burning or other property Where exact dlfferent~atlons are necessary numerical 3 2 4 Inspection and Maintenance All hydraulic coolant divisions are made such as Class I and Class II flammable lubr~catlon and fuel 11nes and electrical w~rlng on moblle surface l~qulds Flammable and inflammable are ~dent]cal ~n meanlng mln~ng equipment shall be regularly ~nspected and malnta~ned ~n Flamable Is used ~n preference to ~nflammable to avoid possible safe operating condltion confuslon due to the prefix In which ~ndicates the negative in many words e g incombustible 3 2 5 Where loss of a particular p~ece of mobile surface m~nlng equipment would result in severe d~srupt~on of the m~n~ng Flammable l~qu~d Is a 11quid that has a flash point below 100oF operation conslderation shall be gwen to providing speclal or and a vapor pressure not exceedln9 40 pounds per square inch additional fire protection to that p~ece of equipment (absolute) at 100OF

292 Hazard (hazardous) Is used ~n d~fferent senses One is to indicate A flxed temperature detector is a devlce whlch will respond when materials of more than average combust~b~l~ty or materials that its operatlng element becomes heated to a predetermined level are dangerous because of their ~nstab~lity or toxicity e g When a fixed temperature devlce operates the temperature of the cellulose nitrate which ~s hazardous because of ease of ignltlon surrounding air w]ll always be hlgher than the operatlng and intensity of burning or a combustible dust which presents a temperature of the devlce itself Thls dlfference between the hazardous condition when in suspension A second use of hazardous operating temperature of the devlce and the actual alr temperature is to describe the overall degree of fire vulnerability of a is conwonly spoken of as thermal lag and is proportional to the property thinking ~n terms of its fire load For example rate at which the temperature is rislng sprinklers require closer spacing in an extra hazard occupancy than in an ordinary hazard occupancy A third use of hazard ~s to Typical examples of flxed temperature sensing elements are describe rate of burnlng e g wood ]n the form of shawngs is more hazardous than ~n the form of solid timber Then too the (a) B~metallic A senslng element comprlsed of two metals term hazard is used to describe the nature of the f~re problem havlng different coefflcients of thermal expanslon arranged so e g common hazards are ignltion sources encountered ~n almost that the effect w111 be deflectlon in one d]rectlon when heated any class of property (smoking heating electrical etc ) wh~le and in the opposlte dlrectlon when cooled special hazards are those considered peculiar to an ~nd~wdual I piece of moblle equipment e g pressurized flammable fluids (b) E1ectrlcal Conductlwty A sensing element comprlsed of an electrlcal ~es~stor whose resistance varles as a functlon of There is no sharp hne of demarcation between common and special temperature hazards as the same potential fire cause may be considered a common hazard in one occupancy and a special hazard ~n another (c) Fusible A11oy A senslng element of a speclal composltlon (eutectic) metal whlch melts rapldly at its rated temperature Incombustible has the same meaning as noncombustible but may be subject to m~sunderstanding due to the preflx ~n (see (d) Heat Sensltwe Cable A |ine type device whose senslng Flammable) noncombustible ~s accordingly preferred element comprises ~n one type two current carrying wires held \ separated by a heat sensltlve insulation whlch softens at the Inflammable See Flammable rated temperature thus allowlng the wlres to make electrlcal contact In another type a s~ngle wire ~s centered ~n a metallic Mobile Mining Equipment means mining equipment that ]s tube and the intervening space filled wlth a substance whlch at a self propelled crltlcal temperature becomes conductlve thus establ]shlng electrical contact between the tube and the wlre Noncombustible means not combustible (See Incombustible) (e) Liquid Expansion A sensing element comprlslng a ]1quid Nonflammable means not flammable capable of marked expansion ~n volume in response to temperature increase Portable Equipment means equipment that may be moved frequently and ]s constructed or mounted to facil}tate such movement (f) Fusible Plastic Tube A sensing element comprising a long plastic tube pressurized wlth inert gas Heatfrom the fire A 2 2 Fire Detectors causes the tube to burst releaslng the gas pressure and actuating a mechanical dewce Types of Detectors (g) Thermster Strip A llne type dewce whose sensing element Line Type Detector A device in whlch detect]on is continuous comprlses a thln metal tube contalnlng two electrlcal conductors along a path Typical examples are rate of r~se pneumatic tubing The conductors are separated by a therm~ster mater~al whose detectors projected beam smoke detectors and heat sensitive reslstance (or capacitance) varies with temperature By cable monltorlng resistance (or capacitance) changes corresponding temperature changes can be detected Spot type Detector A dewce whose detecting element ~s concentrated at a particular location Typical examples are (h) Metal Hydrlde A 1~ne type device whose sensing element bimetallic detectors fuslble alloy detectors certain pneumatic comprises a thln metal tube contaln~ng a hydrogen charged metal rate of rlse detectors certaln smoke detectors and thermoelectrlc hydrlde wlre The tube is sealed at one end and is connected to a detectors sens~tlve pressure switch at the other end When exposed to the heat from a fire copious amounts of hydrogen gas are released A~r Sampling type Detector A sampling type detector consists of from the metal hydrlde wlre actuating the pressure sw~tch p~p~ng or tubing d~stribut~on from the detector unit to the area(s) to be protected An air pump draws air from the protected Rate Compensation Detector area back to the detector through the air sampling ports and p]p}ng or tubing At the detector the air ~s analyzed for f~re A rate compensatlon detector ~s a dewce which w~ll respond when products the temperature of the air surrounding the dewce reaches a predetermined level regardless of the rate of temperature rlse Operating Modes Rate of Rise Detector Nonrestorable Detector A dewce whose senslng element Is designed to be destroyed by the process of detecting a f~re A rate of r~se detector ~s a device which w~ll respond when the temperature rises at a rate exceeding a predetermined amount Restorable Detector A device whose sensing element is not ordlnar~ly destroyed by the process of detecting a f~re Typlcal examples are Restoration may be manual or automatic (a) Pneumatlc Rate of Rise Tublng A line type detector Self Restoring Detector A restorable detector whose sensing comprising small d~ameter tubing usually copper The tublng IS element is designed to be returned to normal automatically terminated in a detector unit contaln~ng d~aphragms and associated contacts set to actuate at a predetermined pressure Classlficatlon of Fire Detectors The system ~s sealed except for calibrated vents which compensate for normal changes ~n temperature For the purpose of this standard automatic fire detectors are classified as l~sted below (b) Spot Type Pneumatic Rate of R~se Detector A device conslst~ng of an air chamber diaphragm contacts and compensating Heat Detector A dewce which detects abnormally h~gh temperature vent in a s~ngle enclosure The principle of operation Is the or rate of temperature r~se same as that described under (a)

Smoke Detector A dewce which detects the ws~ble or ~nv~s~ble (c) Thermoelectric Effect Detector A device whose sensing particles of combustion element comprlses a thermocouple or thermop~le unit which produces an increase ]n electric potentlal ~n response to an increase in A device which detects the ~nfrared or temperature This potential ~s monitored by associated control ultraviolet or visible radlatlon produced by a fire equipment and an alarm is ln]tlated when the potential increases r at an abnormal rate Other Fire Detectors A dewce which detects a phenomenon other than heat smoke or flame produced by a flre Smoke Detectors } Heat Detectors Ionlzatlon Smoke Detection Prlnc~ple Smokedetectors utilizing the ~onlzatlon pr~nclple are usually of the spot type An Operating Pr~nclples ~onlzat~on has a small amount of radloactlve mater~al which ~on~zes the air in Lhe sensing chamber thus Fixed Temperature Detector rendering ~t conductive and permltt~ng a current flow through the lair between two charged electrodes Th~s gwes the sensing chamber an effective electrlcal conductance When smoke particles enter the lon~zatlon area they decrease the conductance of the air by attachlng themselves to the tons causing a reduction ]n mob~11ty When the conductance ps less than a predetermined level the detector clrcult responds

293 Photoelectric L~ght Obscurat~on Smoke Detection Principle Smoke A general gulde in deflnlng a hazard area is one in whlch fuel detectors utll~z~ng the photoelectrlc l~gh[ obscurat]on prlnclple and/ or heat exlst or may exlst Fuel includes such materlals as consist of a 1~ght source which ~s pro3ected onto a photosensltwe fuel OlI gasollne cleanlng solvents sound suppresslon dewce Smokepartlcles between the l~ght source and the materials lubrlcants coolants upholstery englne oii hydraullc photosens~twe dewce reduce the llght reaching the device fluids hose plastics electrlcal insulation fabric waste causing the detector to respond debrls and other combustlble materlals Heat is usually found around the vehlcle engine exhaust system pumps turbochargers Pro3ected Beam Smoke Detector Th~s ~s a l~ne type obscurat~on batterles wlrlng switches bearings brakes and gears Prewous smoke detector where the llght beam is pro3ected across the area flre experlence on slmllar machlnes should be consldered in the to be protected flre hazard analysis Typical hazard areas on moblle mlnlng equlpment are Photoelectric Light Scattering Smoke Detection Prlnciple Smoke detectors ut~llz~ng the photoelectric light scattering pr]nclple Areas where lubrlcatlon hydraullc or fuel llnes are are usually of the spot type They contain a 11ght source and a close to an englne surface or other heat em~ttlng photosensitive device so arranged that the 1~ght rays do not vehicle component normally fall onto the photosens~tlve dewce When smoke particles enter the l~ght path l~ght str~kes the particles and ~s Artlculatlon areas scattered onto the photosensitive dewce causing the detector to Parklng brake respond Englne pan area Battery compartment Cloud Chamber Smoke Detectlon Principle A smoke detector Roller path/~Ing areas ut11~z~ng the cloud chamber smoke detection principle ]s usually Electrlcal swltch gear of the sampling type An a~r pump draws a sample of alr from the Transformer compartments protected areas ~nto a high humdlty chamber w~thln the detector After the a~r ~s ]n the humld~ty chamber the pressure is lowered In ldentlfylng hazard areas note that combustible fluid from a s1~ghtly If smoke particles are present the moisture in the air ruptured l~ne may spray or drlp onto a hot surface remote from the condenses on the particles formng a cloud ~n the chamber The rupture polnt L1kewlse spatter from a battery or swltch short density of the cloud is then measured by a photoelectric can carry heat to another area of the machine Past experience principle When the density ~s greater than a predetermned may indlcate special hazards such as a hydraullc hose whlch level the detector responds frequently comes loose at a certaln connectlon on the vehlcle

Flame Detectors Many s]mlarltles of equipment deslgn and operatlon exlst among the manufacturers However w~th~n each of the equipment Operating Principles categorles there are var~at}ons In conflgurat~on which could dlrectly affect or llmlt the select~on of fire protection Flame Detector A device which responds to the appearance of equipment for a spec]flc piece of equlpment These varlatlons radiant energy v~slble to the human eye (approximately 4000 to typ~cally related to the degree of enclosure ~ntegrlty or access 7700 Angstroms) or to radiant energy outslde the range of human to a specific area ellmnate the posslb~l~ty of an agent or VlSlOn agent/detection combination that could be unlversally appl~ed to all or each of the equipment types Flame Flicker Detector A photoelectric flame detector includ~ng means to prevent response to visible light unless the observed As part of the hazards analys~s consideration should be made of l~ght ~s modulated at a frequency characteristic of the fllcker of the machine conf~guratlon and the m~ne environment a flame Factors affecting agent selection are sultab11~ty the machinery Infrared Detector A dewce whose sensing element Is responslve space enclosure ~ntegr~ty the degree of human occupancy and to radiant energy outside the range of human vision (above agent residue removal approximately 7700 Angstroms) Factors perta~nlng to choice of detectlon are ambient condlt~ons Photoelectric Flame Detector A device whose senslng element ~s a location clean1~ness welding malntenance vlbrat~on/shock photocell which elther changes ~ts electr}cal conductw~ty or temperature vat}athens and machinery space vent]latlon produces an electrical potential when exposed to radiant energy Each p~ece of mobile surface mining equipment should be analyzed Ultrawolet Detector A device whose senslng element is for f~re hazards and the appropriate means of~protectlon responsive to radlant energy outside the range of human vision identified Operators are encouraged to select hardware which has (below approximately 4000 Angstroms) been proven In s~m]lar appl~catlons

Other F~re Detectors Suggested Hazard Analys~s Outline

Combustible Gas Detector An instrument which samples air and I The follow~ng factors should be consldered ~n establ~sn~ng ~nd]cates whether there ~s an exploswe m~xture present and the pr~orlt]es for the design and ~nstallat~on of fire protectlon percentage of the lower explosive l~mlt of the air/gas mlxture equipment on mobile surface m~n~ng equlpment that has been reached A Safety of Personnel A 2 2 2 F~re Detectlon Select~on and Placement B Value of Equipment Cons~deratlon should be given to physical conf~guratlon when mounting detectors A detector w111 ord~narlly operate sooner ~f C Apphcatlon of the Machlne ~t ~s nearer to the potential source of f~re Spacing w111 depend on (a) special hazards

(a) Need for rap~d response (b) key machine in the production process

(b) Need for small f~re response D GovernmentRegulations

(c) Need to accomodate location geometry II Personnel Safety The follow~ng machine characterlst~cs should be considered (d) Need to consider a~r movement and obstruction A Personnel statlon locatlons relatlve to potential fire Other factors to be considered are amblent temperatures climatic locations condlt~ons shock and wbrat~on a~r contam~natlon ventllatlon flows and malntenance requirements Operators are encouraged to B Personnel statlon height select detection devlces which have been proven ~n s~m~lar appllcat~ons C Egress routes past potentlal fire locatlon

A 3 1 1 Hazard Analys~s D Potentlal flre locatlons not normally observable by operating Introduction E Totally enclosed potential flre locatlons Before f~re protection equipment ~s ordered an analysis of the f~re protection needs of the mobile mln~ng equipment must be F High ground speed capab111ty made Such an analysts should beg~n w~th an ~dent~flca~lon of the fire hazards on the machine to be protected The ~nstaIled Ill Machlne Appllcatlon Appllcatlon considerations wnlch equipment should be selected to protect the hazard areas rather contrlbute to hlgh flre risk Include than the entire machine A Unavoidable accumulatlon of combustlble materlals on the equipment

294 B High temperature operating environment (b) ABC dry chemcal

C Machinefal]ure mode (See A 3 1 1) (c) Halon 1301 IV Nonproductlon Situation Fire protectlon should be (d) Halon 1211 considered for those periods when the machine may not be in production but In use (e) Aqueous ftlm forming foam A Servicing or maintaining the equipment (f) High expansion foam (a) Fue]Ing (g) Low expansion foam (b) Lubricating (h) Ca~rrbon dioxide

(c) Welding (i) Dry powder B Unattendedmachine (j) Anti freeze solution I (a) Engine left running for long periods (k) Water (b) Combustible materials Combustible materlals on the E Personnel warning machine after the englne is shut off A 3 2 3 12 A suggested welding permt form (may be modified to V Portab]e Fire Extinguishers suit local conditions) (See page zg7 ) A A mnimum 20 Ib (nominal) capacity is preferred Appendix B ReferencedPubhcations B Extlnguishers are to be operatlonal from 40oc to 50oc B 1 This portion of the Appendix hsts pubhcat~ons referenced within this NFPA document and thus is considered part of the C The must be located so that it is requirements of this document readily accessible to operating personnel in case of fire B 1 1 NFPAPublications The following pubhcations are D Fire extinguishers should be installed in quick release available from the National Fire Protection Association 470 approved vehicle brackets Atlanttc Avenue Boston ~ 02210

E Fire extlngu~shers should be in the same locations on NFPA 27 1975 Recommendations for Organization Training and machines of the same type Equipment of Private Fire Brigades

F The fire extinguisher shall be mounted with operating NFPA 30 1977 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code instructlons visible NFPA 51 1977 Installation and Operation of Oxygen Fuel Gas G Accessibility from ground level should be considered Systems for Welding and Cutting

VI Fire Suppression Systems NFPA 327 1977 Standard Procedures for Cleaning or Safeguarding Small Tanks or Containers A Types B 1 2 Other Publications (a) Local appllcatlon American Welding Society (AWS A 6 0 /) Safety Practices for (b) Total floodlng Welding and Cutting Containers that have held Combustibles (c) Combinatlon (i & 2) B 2 This portion of the Appendix lists publ~catlons which were not referenced within this NFPA document and thus is not (d) Sprlnkler considered part of the requirements of the document

(e) Other B ? 1 NFPA Publications The following publications are available from the National Fire Protection Association 470 B Actuation Atlantic Avenue Boston ~ 02110 (a) Manual NFPA 10 1978 Portable Extinguishers

(b) Automatlc NFPA 11 1978 Foam Extinguishing Systems Suggested Hazard Analysis Outllne (Contlnued) NFPA llA 1976 High Expansion Foam Systems C Fire detection NFPA 11B 1977 Synthetic Foam and Combined Agent Systems

(a) Heat NFPA 12 1977 Carbon Dioxide Systems (I) fixed temperature spot NFPA 12A 1977 Halon 1301 Systems

(ii) flxed temperature llne NFPA 12B 1977 Halon 1211 Systems

(ill) rate of rise spot NFPA 13 1978 Sprinkler Systems Installation (iv) rate of rise llne NFPA 15 1979 Water Spray Fixed Systems

(b) Flame NFPA 17 1975 Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems

(i) infrared NFPA 51B 1977 Cutting and Welding Processes

(ii) ultravlolet NFPA 72E 1978 Automatic Fire Detectors (c) S~oke NFPA 385 1979 Tank Vehicles for Flamable and Combustible Liquids (1) ionizatlon NFPA Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials (11) photoelectrlc NFPA Fire Protection Handbook (d) Combustlble gas i NFPA 14 1978 Standard for the Installation of Stand pipe and (e) Other Hose Systems D Agent NFPA 20 1978 Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps (a) BC dry chemlcal

I 295 NFPA 22 1978 Standard for Water Tanks for Prlvate Fire Lease W Development and Testing of a Fire Protectlon System Protectlon for Coal Augers 1975 U S BuM1nes OFR 25 7b NTIS PB 249 865

NFPA 1962 1979 Standard for the Care Malntenance and Use of Lease W Development Installatlon and Test]n 9 Servlces for an F~re Hose Automatic Polnt Type Thermal Sensor Fire Protection System on a M~n~ng Dozer 1976 U S BuM1nes OFR 71 77 NTIS PB 26607 5/AS NFPA 1963 1979 Standard for Screw Threads and Gaskets for Connections Pomroy W H Improved Automatic Fire Protection Systems for Off Highway Mine Vehlcles Society of Automotive Engineers NFPA 198 Standard for the Care of Fire Hose Off Highway Vehlcle Meetlng September1979 SAE 790880 M~lwaukee NFPA 13A 1978 Standard for the Care and Malntenance of Sprlnkler Systems Roehllch F Demonstratlon of Fire Suppression Systems on Underground M1nlng Equlpment 1977 U S BuM1nesOFR 20 78 NTIS NFPA 231 1979 Standard for Indoor General Storage PB 278 904/AS

NFPA 231C 1975 Standard for Rack Storage of Materlals Stevens R B and W S Oda Fire Preventlon System U S Patent No 3 993 138 November 23 1976 NFPA 70 1978 Natlonal Electrical Code U S BuM]nes Mining Research Staff Metal Mine Fire Protectlon NFPA 96 1978 Standard for the Installation of Equlpment for the Research BuM1nes IC 8752 1977 Removal of Smoke and Grease Laden Vapor from Commercial Cooklng Equlpment U S BuM]nes Technology News Automatic Fire Protection Systems for Large Mobile Vehicles No 11 1974 NFPA 89 1976 Standards of Explosion Prevention Systems U S BuM]nes Technology News Automatlc Fire Protectlon for Surface Coal Augers No 27 1976 B 2 2 Other Publlcatlons U S BuM1nes Technology News Bulldozer Fire Protectlon No Amerlcan Natlonal Standards Institute (ANSI) 50 1978

ANSI A92 2 For Vehlcle Mounted Elevating and Rotatlng Work U S BuM1nes Technology News Fire Protection for Blasthole Platforms 1979 Drill No 70 1979

ANSI A92 3 For Elevatlng Work Platforms 1973 U S BuM]nes Technology News Fire Protection for Front End Loaders No 4 1979 ANSI B30 5 Crawler Locomotlve and Truck Cranes 1968 Fire Protection for the Deslgn Professlonal Canners Publlshlng ANSI B30 15 Moblle Hadraullc Cranes 1973 Company Inc 89 Franklin Street Boston Ma 02110

ANSl B51 1 1969 Safety Standards for Trucks Accldent Preventlon Manual for Industrlal Operatlons Natlonal Safety Council 425 North M1chlgan Avenue Chlcago Ill 60611 ANSI B56 2 1978 Powered Industrlal Trucks NFPANo 505 1978 ANSI B56 3 1977 Battery Powered Trucks UL No 583 1977

ANSI B56 4 1977 Powered Industrial Trucks UL No 558 1977 I Soclety of Automotlve Englneers (SAE)

SAE J185 Access System for Construction and Industrlal Equlpment 1970

SAE J833A USA Male and Female Physlcal Dimensions for Constructlon and Industrlal Equipment 1974

SAE J925 M1nlmum Access Dimensions for Construction and Industrial Equlpment 1965

Amerlcan Weldlng Society (AWS)

AWS A 6 0 Safety Practlces for Weldlng and Cutting Contalners That Have Held Combustlbles 1965

Reld G Automatic Fire Protectlon System for Mbblle Underground Metal Minlng Equlpment Selection and Use Manual 1976 U S BuM1nes OFR 111(2) 77 NTIS PB 268 769/AS Reld G Develop and Test an Automatlc System for Surface M1nlng

Reld G Development of an Automatlc Fire Protection System for Mobile Underground Metal Mine Equlpment 1976 U S BuM~nes OFR 111(1) 77 NTIS PB 268 735/AS

Re~d G Development of an Automatic Fire Protection System for Mobile Underground Metal Mine Equipment 1975 U S BuM]nes OFR 25 76 NTIS PB 249 865

Stevens R Improved Sensors and F~re Control System for Mining Equlpment December 1972 U S BuM]nes OFR 25(1) 74 OFR 25(2) 74 NTIS PB 232 405 PB 232 406

deL~me T L Improved F~re Protectlon for Off Highway Equipment Society of Automotive Engineers Off Highway Vehicle Meeting M~lwaukee Sept 1979 SAE 790882

Jewett J Fire Suppression Systems Society of Automotive Engineers Off H~ghway Vehicle Meetlng Sept 1979 Milwaukee SAE 790779 Johnson G A Automatic Fire Protection Systems for Large Haulage Vehicles Prototype Development and In M}ne Testing 1978 U S BuM~nes IC 8683 NTIS PB 246 704

Johnson G A Improved Fire Protection Systems for Surface Coal Mining Equipment 1977 SAE 770744

!

296 APPENDIX A A Suggested Form of Written Cutting and Welding Permit (May be modffied to suit local conditions)

/ (Front) ( Rear ) PERMIT ATTENTION FOR CUTTING AND WELDING Before approving any cutting and welding permit the super WITH PORTABLE GA~ OR ARC EQUIPMENq_ vmor or hm appointee shall inspect the work area and confirm that pre- eaut ons have been taken to prevent fire in aeeordan e with NFPA No 51B PRECAUTIONS Date [] Sprinklers m service Budding f-I Cutting and welding equipment m good repair WITHIN 35 FT OF WORK Dept Floor Floors swept clean of combustibles Work to be done [] Combustible floors wet down covered with damp sand metal or other sluelds [] No combustible material or flammable hqmds [] Combustibles and flammable hqulds protected with covers guards Special Precautions or metal shields [] All wall and floor openingsJ covered [] Covers suspended beneath work to collect sparks Is firewatch required? The location where this work is to be done has been exan~ned neces WORK ON WALLS OR CEILINGS sary precautions taken and permission Is granted for this work (See [] Construction noncombustible and without combustible covering other side) [] Combustibles moved away fr~ m opposite side of wall Permit expl es WORK ON ENCLOSED EQUIPMENT (Tanks containers ducts dust collectors etc) Signed n Equipment cleaned of all combustibles (Inchvldual responslble for authorlzmg welding and cutting) [] Containers purged of flammable vapors FIRE WATCH Time started Completed [] To be p ovlded during and 30 minutes after operation [] Supplied with extinguisher and small hose FINAL CHECK UP [] Trained m use of eqmpment and m sounding fire alarm Work area and all adjacent areas to which sparks and heat might have spread (including floors above and below and on opposite sides of walls) FINAL CHECK UP were Inspected 30 minutes after the work waS completed and were D To be made 30 nunutes after completion of any operation unless fire watch m provided found firesafe I ~ugned Signed (Supervmor or Fire Watcher) (Supervisor)

297