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Models, Media, and Methods Frei Otto's Architectural Research

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EXHIBITION CHECKLIST project, Atelier Warmbronn, ca. 1970 FREI OTTO AT WORK Soap bubble model, Three drawings by Frei minimal surfaces of mem- Models, Otto, Atelier Warmbronn, branes with low-lying points, ca. 1969 Atelier Warmbronn, 1963 Three images of Frei Otto Soap bubble model, photographing a model, minimal surfaces of Media, and Atelier Warmbronn, ca. 1971 membranes with low-lying Two images of Frei Otto points, photograph, 1963 taking photographs of Four photographs of Methods the model of the canopy for Frei Otto, suspended chain the tem p orary stand of the model, Atelier Warmbonn swimming pool in the EL (Develop ment Center for Two models of pneumatic Munich Olympic Park, STRUCTURAL DESIGN Lightweight Construction), structure, plaster Atelier Warmbronn, ca. 1970 Parabolic pavilion, contact sheet, Berlin, 1956 Design for intersecting Frei Otto with his team, Entwicklungsstätte für den Membrane (L. Stromeyer, wave pavilions, Internationale Atelier Warmbronn Leichtbau EL (Develop ment Kostanz), Entwicklungs stätte Gartenbauaustellung (IGA), Center for Light weight für den Leichtbau EL model, marble, wood, metal, NATURE STUDIES Construction), plan and photo (Dev el op ment Center for plaster, 1963 Nature studies, detail of a collage, Berlin, 1952 Lightweight Cons truction), Hanger design model for spider web, Atelier Warmbonn High low study, Entwick- Berlin, plan, 1956 a church, wood, metal, textile, Nature studies, feather, lun gs stätte für den Leichtbau Tent for the BUGA horticul - stones, dried plants, 1964 Atelier Warmbonn EL (Development Center tural show, Cologne, Entwick - Nature studies, plant, for Lightweight Cons truction), lungsstätte für den Leichtbau EL BERLIN Atelier Warmbonn photograph, Berlin, 1954 EL (Development Center Exterior view, Entwick- Nature studies, wing, High-low study, Entwick- for Lightweight Construc tion), lungsstätte für den Leichtbau Atelier Warmbonn lungs stätte für den Leichtbau photo collage, Berlin, 1957 EL (Development Center for EL (Development Center for Tents for the “Interbau,” Lightweight Construction), FORM FINDING WITH PNEUS, Lightweight Construction), Berlin, photo collage, 1957 Berlin, plan and drawing, 1959 SOAP BUBBLES, SUSPENDED plan, Berlin, 1954 Model of the “Tanzbrunnen” Interior view, Entwick- CHAINS, AND SAND Variations of different Three photographs of structural designs, Entwick- Frei Otto experimenting with lungsstätte für den Leichtbau pneumatic models, Atelier EL (Development Center for Warmbronn Lightweight Cons t ruc tion), Frei Otto’s Soap-bubble model drawing, Berlin, 1961 with contour lines, Atelier Structural design studies, Warmbronn Entwicklungsstätte für den Three soap bubbles Leichtbau EL (Development Architectural of equal size join together Center for Lightweight Cons - to create a regular form, t ruc tion), drawing, Berlin, 1960 Atelier Warmbronn Four images of Frei Otto, Research Small soap bubbles fundamental concepts of of different sizes surround construction, collage, 1961 a large bubble, Atelier Entwicklungsstätte für den (dance pavilion), Entwick- lungs stätte für den Warmbronn Leichtbau EL (Develop ment lungsstätte für den Leichtbau Leichtbau EL (Development Soap bubble model, Center for Lightweight Cons- EL (Development Center for Center for Lightweight Atelier Warmbronn truction, Berlin), plan, 1961 Lightweight Construction), Cons truction), Berlin, plan Soap bubble models, Berlin, 1957 and drawing, 1960 Institute for Lightweight TENT PROJECTS Three images of soap Structures (IL) at the Different tent designs, bubble model of the “Tanz- HOUSING PROJECTS University of Stuttgart, Entwicklungs stätte für den brunnen” (dance pavilion), Housing project for 12 contact sheets Leichtbau EL (Development Entwicklungs stätte für den families, colored drawing, 1951 Fill model packed with Center for Lightweight Cons - Leichtbau EL (Development Two images of housing sand in a wooden frame truction), Berlin, drawing, 1953 Center for Lightweight project for 12 families, plan with regular drill holes Temporary tent for a Construction), Berlin, 1957 and drawing, 1951 Fill model packed theater (“Sternwellenzelt”), “Tanzbrunnen” (dance Housing project for Berlin- with sand for a convertible Hamburg, drawing, Entwick- pavilion) tent at night, 1957 Waidmannslust, Entwick- tent, Regensburg project, lungsstätte für den Leichtbau Two images of “high-low- lungsstätte für den Leichtbau Atelier Warmbronn, ca. 1970 EL (Development Center for point structural model,” 1964 EL (Dev elopment Center for Fabric model of the conver- Lightweight Construction), Lightweight Construction), tible tent, Regensburg project, photo collage, Berlin, 1955 MODELS Berlin, plan and drawing, 1952 Atelier Warmbronn, ca. 1970 Four-point tent, Entwick - Four-point surface, Sand model, Regensburg lungs stätte für den Leichtbau model, wood, marble, metal, Continued on back cover Models, Media, and Methods Frei Otto’s Architectural Research Curated by Georg Vrachliotis Yale School of Architecture Gallery February 20–May 2, 2020 14156_YSA_FreiOtto_txt.indd 1 2/5/20 1:24 PM Frei Otto, suspended chain model, Atelier Warmbronn, photograph 14156_YSA_FreiOtto_txt.indd 2 2/5/20 1:24 PM Frei Otto, suspended chain model, Atelier Warmbronn, photograph 14156_YSA_FreiOtto_txt.indd 3 2/5/20 1:24 PM Director’s Statement As an architecture student, I recall Dean’s Preface happening upon Frei Otto’s IL Bulletin and discovering a treasure trove of ideas and prompts to experiment with that opened my eyes to new methods and muses. The occasion of this exhibition and the way it delves into the archives of IL has given me the opportunity to reflect on that gift. Much of that stems from Otto’s savvy use of media. Photography and publications were vital to his working process, aiding directly in form-finding while drawing together a community of like-minded seekers. Before he was able to realize his ideas in built form, he put them out into the world through his teaching and through IL, which operated like a perpetual exhibition. It should come as no surprise that I was thrilled when Georg Vrachliotis approached me with the idea to mount this exhibit on the sixtieth anniversary of Otto’s stint in New Haven. I am grateful for his energy and enthusiasm for sharing Otto’s legacy. I also appreciate the resources and generosity of the Südwestdeutches Archiv für Architektur and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology to lend us the work. At the School of Architecture, I wish to thank Dean Deborah Berke for her support and direction. I am grateful to Alison Walsh, exhibition coordinator; Eric Sparks for the exhibition fabrication; Erin Kim for graphics; Brian Hopkins for titles; and our installation team. Finally, I wish to thank graphic designer David Reinfurt of O-R-G inc., and Nina Rappaport, editor of this publication. Andrew Benner, Director of Exhibitions 14156_YSA_FreiOtto_txt.indd 4 2/10/20 12:41 PM As an architecture student, I recall Dean’s Preface It is a pleasure to welcome this exhibition happening upon Frei Otto’s IL Bulletin on Frei Otto to the Yale School of Architec- and discovering a treasure trove of ideas ture nearly sixty years after he first arrived and prompts to experiment with that to teach as a visiting professor. One of opened my eyes to new methods and the privileges of being Dean is identifying muses. The occasion of this exhibition and and cultivating talented teachers who the way it delves into the archives of IL we can invite into our midst to expose our has given me the opportunity to reflect on students to new and often challenging that gift. Much of that stems from Otto’s perspectives. This must have been what savvy use of media. Paul Rudolph had in mind when he invited Photography and publications were Otto to our school in 1960. Models, Media, vital to his working process, aiding directly and Methods: Frei Otto’s Architectural in form-finding while drawing together a Research allows us to revisit his legacy and community of like-minded seekers. peruse materials from his archive. Before he was able to realize his ideas in While Otto went on to a distinguished built form, he put them out into the world and prize-winning career, what is most through his teaching and through IL, remarkable is the prescience of his teach- which operated like a perpetual exhibition. ing in 1960, reflected in the publications It should come as no surprise that I that form the backbone of this exhibition. was thrilled when Georg Vrachliotis His pursuit of material and resource approached me with the idea to mount this efficiency led to elegant designs, but also exhibit on the sixtieth anniversary of Otto’s prefigured many of the tenets that now stint in New Haven. I am grateful for his fall under the umbrella of sustainability. energy and enthusiasm for sharing Otto’s He was an early advocate of bio-mimicry legacy. I also appreciate the resources and fostered a culture of material, and generosity of the Südwestdeutches structural, and formal experimentation Archiv für Architektur and the Karlsruhe that was well ahead of its time. That spirit Institute of Technology to lend us the work. of experimentation is one that I hope At the School of Architecture, I wish our current students absorb and take up to thank Dean Deborah Berke for her with a new set of tools. support and direction. I am grateful to I am thankful to Georg Vrachliotis Alison Walsh, exhibition coordinator; and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eric Sparks for the exhibition fabrication; for opening Otto’s archive to us. At Yale, Erin Kim for graphics; Brian Hopkins I would like to thank our director of for titles; and our installation team. Finally, exhibitions, Andrew Benner, for working I wish to thank graphic designer David with Georg to bring the show to our Reinfurt of O-R-G inc., and Nina Rappaport, gallery. My gratitude extends also to our editor of this publication. installation crew, led by Alison Walsh, exhibitions coordinator. Andrew Benner, Director of Exhibitions Deborah Berke, Dean 14156_YSA_FreiOtto_txt.indd 5 2/10/20 12:41 PM Frei Otto, installing the dome for the pneumatic model of the Arctic City project, Atelier Warmbronn, 1971 Frei Otto photographing a model for the Munich Olympic Park, Atelier Warmbronn, ca.
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    A RESEARCH ON A RECONFIGURABLE HYPAR STRUCTURE FOR ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Architecture by Gözde SUSAM December 2013 İZMİR We approve the thesis of Gözde SUSAM Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Koray KORKMAZ Department of Architecture, Izmir Institute of Technology Assist. Prof. Dr. Gökhan KİPER Department of Mechanical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology Assist. Prof. Dr. A. Vefa ORHON Department of Architecture, Dokuz Eylül University 20 December 2013 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Koray KORKMAZ Supervisor, Department of Architecture Izmir Institute of Technology Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şeniz ÇIKIŞ Prof. Dr. R. Tuğrul SENGER Head of the Department of Architecture Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Koray Korkmaz for his guidance and support throughout my research. Secondly, I would like to thank other members of the examining committee; Assist. Prof. Dr. Gökhan Kiper and Assist. Prof. Dr. A. Vefa Orhon, for their valuable suggestions and comments. I’m eternally grateful to my family for their morally and aptly contributions and moreover being a part of my life. ABSTRACT A RESEARCH ON A RECONFIGURABLE HYPAR STRUCTURE FOR ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS Kinetic design strategy is a way to obtain remarkable applications in architecture. These kinetic designs can offer more advantages compared to conventional ones. Basic knowledge of different disciplines is necessary to generate kinetic designs. In other words, interdisciplinary studies are critical.
  • Heavy in Lightweight

    Heavy in Lightweight

    GERMANY 1 / 20 Sierra Nevada is reviving production of the Dornier 328 short-haul passenger aircraft in Germany. HEAVY IN LIGHTWEIGHT Germany is a world leader in Leichtbau, or lightweight construction. And that is generating opportunities and innovation in engineering, materials technology, design and services. page 4 Chemical Industry: Travel & Tourism: Music Tech: The German chemicals Germany’s travel sector Music technology is sector is putting is the biggest and most thriving in Germany and billions into R&D competitive in Europe looking for seed investors page 14 page 16 page 20 Photo: Illing & Vossbeck Fotografie Illing & Vossbeck Photo: FOCUS Going Heavy in »The need to trans­ Lightweight port people and things How lightweight technologies are changing the fabric of engineering, sustainably is perhaps manufacturing and construction the most pressing issue page 4 of our times.« TRANSPORT All Aboard Dear Reader, In Brief: Stem cell innovation and improving the Deutsche Bahn’s modernization drive is performance of e­cars and websites ...... page 12 opening up Germany’s railway industry. page 18 We live in fast-moving times, and this issue of Markets Germany is all about motion. The need to transport people and things sustainably is CHEMICALS MORE ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE: perhaps the most pressing issue of the age. Here, German lightweight engineering will play a vi- A Certain Musical Genius: Is Germany’s music tal role. Making things lighter means we expend technology sector undervalued? ........... page 20 fewer resources moving them, and German en- From Guangdong to Germany: A Chinese med­ gineers are working on everything from light- tech firm is opening a German plant.