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The of the Prototype Theory

Eleanor ( )Rosch

Definitional ( )theory of

Abstract:

Different theories are used in the analysis of . One of these theories is the Prototype Theory. It is a cognitive, semantic theory and it is considered a model of correcting the contextual meaning according to the structural and mental

construction. Also, this theory is interested in the intellectual construction of a word. was the first to tackle this theory in the mid- 1970s. This theory is about building prototypes of words. The theory is dependent on the mental representations compatible with the attributes of concept. In other words, every concept is represented by a prototype that includes the features of this concept. Some of these features are basic and some are marginal. This theory has come into existence to avoid the deficiencies the definitional theory of concepts suffered from. According of this theory, the concept is a set of features that are essential and necessary.

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1- Aazad Hasan Fatah: A Cognitive Grammar Anlysis of Suffixes in English and Kurdish, Supervised by: Zeki Hamawand university of sulaimani, 2012.

2- Fengjuan Zhang: Prototype Theory and the Categorization of the English Tense System, The linguistics Journal, Soochow University, China, Vol. (5), 2011.

3- Holger Diessel: Language and Cognition I Categorization.

http://www.personal.uni- jena.de/~x4diho/Script.Language%20and%20Co gnition%201.pdf

4- Ignasi Navarro I Ferrando: A Cognitive Semantics Analysis of the Lexical Units at, on and in in English, supervised: Carlos Hernández Sacristán and José Luis Otal Campo, University of Jaume I, 1998.

5- James A. Hampton: Testing the Prototype of Concepts, Journal of Memory and Language, No (34), 1995, (Pp 686-708).

6- Jesse J. Prinz : Regaining Composure: A Defense of Prototype Compositionality , Oxford University Press, 2008. .

http://subcortex.com/RegainingCompo surePrinz.pdf

7- John Jung Park: Prototypes, Exemplars, and Theoretical & Applied Ethics,

Neuroethics Original Paper, Duke University 2011. 8- John R. Taylor: a. Prototype Theory, New Zealand, 2009. https://www.academia.edu/1902195/Prot otype_theory b. Prototypes in Cognitive Liguistics,2008. http://04244422442229/?nxdomain=http 3%A4%F4%Fs3.amazonaws.com4%Faca demia.edu.documents4%F4%49290609F Taylor_4992_Prototypes_in_Cognitive_Ling uistics- libre.pdf3%FAWSAccessKeyId3%DAKIAJ56 TQJRTWSMTNPEA46%Expires3%D 46%2443929293Signature3%D2dGOtJjg cFEk2Fb2FB454%FOdCJ4Kqc453%D&msg ID2=23&AddInType=4&PlatformInfo=DNSA &Version=32925&blockedDomain= 9- L.A.Aadeh: A Note on Prototype Theory and Fuzzy Sets, , Journal Cognition, University of California, Berkeley, No 12, 1982, (Pp 291- 297). 10-Mohammed Nihad Ahmed : The Conceptual Components of Prototype Theory in

Translating Process, University of Mosul, J. Edu. Sci., Vol. (18), No. (2) , 2011 (Pp 15-28).

1. David Crystal: 2. Language and Languages, Blackwell publishers, 1st Edi, 1992. 3. Language and Languages, Blackwell publishers, 1st Edi, 2003. 4. Dirk Geeraerts: 5. Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings, Cambridge Univ Press, 2006. 6. Theories of Lexical Semantics, Oxford Univ Press, 2010. 7. Dominiek Sandra, Jan-Ola Östman and JefVerschueren: Cognition and Pragmatics, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2009. 8. Friedrich Ungerer and Hans- Jörg Schmid: An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2st Edi, 2006.

9. James R. Hurford, Brendan Heasley and Michael B. Smith: Semantics, Cambridge Univ Press, 2st Edi, 2007. 10. Jean Aitchison: Understand Linguistics, Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 7st Edi, 2010. 11. John R. Taylor: Linguistic Categorization, Prototype in Linguistic Theory, Oxford Univ Press, 2st Edi, 1995. 12. Sebastian Löbner: Understanding Semantics, Oxford Univ Press, 1st Edi, 2002. 13. Timothy T. Rogers and James L. McClelland: Semantic Cognition: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach, Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 14. Vyvyan Evans and Melanie Green: Cognitive Linguistics an Introduction, Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2006.

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