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Local Population Studies EDITOR Nigel Goose EDITORIAL BOARD Peter Franklin Mark Freeman Chris Galley Jonathan Healey Andrew Hinde Janet Hudson Christine Jones Alysa Levene Jon Stobart LOCAL POPULATION STUDIES Local Population Studies (LPS) is the official journal of the Local Population Studies Society, which is devoted to promotion of the study of historical demography, and associated topics in economic and social history, in local and regional contexts. The focus of the journal is upon issues that will appeal to a diverse audience of historians—historians of the family, society and economy, sociologists, demogra- phers, geographers and economists. It is the world’s only journal dedicated to population history and related issues in local and regional settings. Its primary focus is upon Great Britain, but it occasionally carries articles relating to other countries. It has been published bi-annually since 1968. LPS carries substantive articles, shorter research notes or reports on research in progress, an annual review of periodical literature, articles on sources and methods, debates in population history, news of relevant courses and research at UK universities, information on electronic resources, book reviews and correspondence. Subscribers to LPS also receive a more informal bi-annual Society Newsletter. SUBSCRIPTION Subscription to LPS is via membership of the Local Population Studies Society. Annual subscription rates, which include subscription to LPS and to the Newsletter, are: UK Overseas Individual £18 £21 Student £10 £13 Institutional £30 £30 Subscriptions can be paid by sterling cheque (made payable to the Local Population Studies Society) or by standing order and direct debit, forms for which can be obtained from the LPS General Office at the following address: School of Humanities, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK. Back issues which remain in print are available on request, at £10 per issue (including p & p). For further information regarding membership of the Society please write to the LPSS Secretary, Christine Jones, 17a Romford Close, Colchester, Essex, CO4 0AP, UK, e-mail [email protected]. ADVERTISING AND GENERAL OFFICE All enquiries about advertising in LPS should be sent to the LPS General Office, School of Humanities, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK, e-mail [email protected]. LOCAL POPULATION STUDIES No. 84 Spring 2010 Published twice yearly with support from the School of Humanities, University of Hertfordshire © Local Population Studies Society, 2010 Registered charity number 326626 ISSN 0143–2974 LPS No. 84 Spring 2010 Contents EDITORIAL 1 The Roger Schofield Local Population Studies Research Fund 2 The University of Hertfordshire Press and English Local History 2 LPSS conferences 3 Editorial matters 4 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 5 LPSS AUTUMN CONFERENCE REPORT, 2009 6 ARTICLES Domestic service in a small market town: Robert Gant 11 Crickhowell, 1851–1901 The evaluation of Bedfordshire burial Peter Razzell 31 registration, 1538–1851 Christine Spence Matthew Woollard Death on a strange isle: the mortality of the Andrew Hinde 55 stone workers of Purbeck in the nineteenth century Michael Edgar RESEARCH IN PROGRESS Victorian and Edwardian almspeople: Nigel Goose 71 Doughty’s‖Hospital,‖Norwich,‖1837–1911 SOURCES AND METHODS A‖review‖of‖methods‖for‖identifying‖mortality‖‘crises’ Andrew Hinde 82 using parish register data NEWS FROM THE UNIVERSITIES The University of Essex Edward Higgs 93 BOOK REVIEWS Karen Chase The Victorians and old age Nigel Goose 97 Ben Dodds and Agriculture and rural society after the Johnathan Healey 99 Richard Britnell eds Black Death: common themes and regional variations Charles Donahue, Jr Law, marriage, and society in the later Joanne Bailey 101 Middle Ages: arguments about marriage in five courts LPS No. 84 Spring 2010 Patrick Fitzgerald Migration in Irish history, 1607–2007 Cormac Ó Gráda 103 and Brian Lambkin Alan Fox A lost frontier revealed. Regional Alysa Levene 105 separation in the East Midlands Paul Griffiths Lost Londons: change, crime and Alysa Levene 108 control in the capital city, 1550–1660 Sue Hirst and Excavations at Mucking. Volume 3, Chris Galley 110 Dido Clark The Anglo-Saxon cemeteries: part i Introduction, catalogues and specialist papers; part ii Analysis and discussion Jenny Keating A child for keeps. The history of Alysa Levene 110 adoption in England, 1918–45 Richard Lawton Marton. A short history Chris Galley 113 John F. Lyons Teaching history online Andy Gritt 114 Ian Mortimer The dying and the doctors: the Hannah Newton 116 medical revolution in seventeenth- century England Stuart A. Raymond The census, 1801–1911. A guide for Matthew Woollard 117 the internet era Stuart A. Raymond Parish registers. A history and guide L. Williams and Marlborough probate inventories Karin Dannehl 118 S. Thomson eds 1591–1775 E. and S. George eds, and Bristol probate inventories Part III: P. Fleming (assistance) 1690 –1804 with an introduction by J. Barry Robert Woods Death before birth: fetal health and Eilidh Garrett 121 mortality in historical perspective C.M. Woolgar, Food in medieval England: diet and Max Satchell 123 D. Serjeantson and nutrition T. Waldron Editorial Two of the three articles in this issue of Local Population Studies focus upon the later nineteenth century, while the third is a methodological piece which spans the period 1538 –1851.‖ Robert‖ Gant’s‖ study‖ of‖ domestic‖ service‖ in‖ Crickhowell‖ in‖ south-east Wales employs‖the‖census‖enumerators’‖books‖to‖offer‖a‖set‖of‖sequential‖analyses‖that‖allows‖ consideration of issues of continuity and change for an occupational group that is omnipresent in nineteenth century British communities, and one that deserves fuller consideration at the local level. Indeed, the Local Population Studies Society Committee felt that the topic is of sufficient importance, and the subject of enough current interest, to identify it as the key theme of our Spring conference 2011. Andrew Hinde and Michael Edgar‖also‖use‖the‖census‖enumerators’‖books,‖in‖this‖case‖linked‖to‖baptism‖and‖burial‖ registers to estimate age-specific death rates amongst stone workers in the Isle of Purbeck, Devon, in an attempt to determine whether or not they experienced the high levels of mortality commonly associated with other mining communities. Our methodological piece uses data from the county of Bedfordshire, and demonstrates just how fruitful cooperation between academic historians and local historical societies can be. The article, by Peter Razzell, Christine Spence and Matthew Woollard, is based mainly on a digital transcript of burials for 126 Bedfordshire parishes, prepared by the Bedfordshire Family History Society, and a county index of wills for the same period, constructed from a published index to the probate records of the Archdeaconry of Bedford for the period 1484–1858. By comparing the two, the authors attempt to assess the accuracy of Anglican parish registers. This analysis is supplemented by a comparison of‖the‖same‖burial‖database‖with‖the‖census‖enumerators’‖books‖for‖1841‖and‖1851. Studies of the nineteenth century, and specifically those that employ the census enumerators’‖ books,‖ are‖ always‖ welcome‖ in‖ this‖ journal;‖ indeed,‖ it‖ would‖ not‖ be‖ unreasonable to suggest that they have been its very life-blood for much of its history. However, the editorial board also welcomes studies on medieval, early modern and eighteenth-century topics, while twentieth-century themes are relatively poorly represented in the pages of the journal too. Potential authors are reminded that the lead time for publication in Local Population Studies is shorter than for some other journals, and this is likely to remain the case for the foreseeable future notwithstanding the increase in submissions that we have witnessed in recent years. This issue of LPS also includes a report on our Autumn conference 2009, a research in progress‖piece‖on‖the‖demographic‖and‖social‖characteristics‖of‖the‖inmates‖of‖Doughty’s‖ Hospital in Victorian and Edwardian Norwich, news from the University of Essex, a sources‖ and‖ methods‖ item‖ on‖ the‖ measurement‖ of‖ ‘crisis‖ mortality’,‖ and‖ an‖ interesting‖ clutch of book reviews elicited and compiled by our book review editor, Alysa Levene, 1 LPS No. 84 Spring 2010 from which it will be clear that we give our reviewers the freedom to write at considerable length if they so wish. The Roger Schofield Local Population Studies Research Fund An award of £245.32 has been made from the Roger Schofield Research Fund to Graham Butler,‖ a‖ Ph.D.‖ student‖ at‖ Newcastle‖ University.‖ Graham‖ is‖ researching‖ ‘Disease,‖ medicine and mortality in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1750–1850’‖ under‖ the‖ supervision‖ of‖ Professor Jeremy Boulton and Dr Jonathan Andrews using sources such as infirmary registers,‖ dispensary‖ annual‖ reports,‖ ‘disease‖ tables’,‖ poor‖ law‖ accounts‖ and‖ trade‖ directories. The grant will enable Graham to purchase a microfilm copy of the surviving day books (1846-89) of Dr Philip Brown, a physician from Blaydon-upon-Tyne, a small mining village on the outskirts of Newcastle. We wish Graham every success with his future studies. For details of how to apply to the Roger Schofield Fund, see the inside back cover of this journal, The University of Hertfordshire Press and English Local History The University of Hertfordshire Press is building a growing reputation as a publisher of high quality local history