Tattenai and Haman
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Biblical Terror
Biblical Terror BIBLICAL TERROR Why Law and Restoration in the Bible Depend Upon Fear Jeremiah W. Cataldo T&T CLARK Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA BLOOMSBURY, T&T CLARK and the T&T Clark logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2017 Paperback edition fi rst published 2018 Copyright © Jeremiah W. Cataldo, 2017 Jeremiah W. Cataldo has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but can accept no responsibility for any such changes. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56767-081-6 PB: 978-0-56768-262-8 ePDF: 978-0-56767-082-3 ePUB: 978-0-56767-083-0 Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) To fi nd out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.com and sign up for our newsletters. -
Ezra, Een Verhaal Apart
EZRA, EEN VERHAAL APART Een onderzoek naar de betrouwbaarheid van de Aramese teksten in Ezra Doctoraalscriptie Godsdienstgeschiedenis Israël Faculteit der Godgeleerdheid Universiteit Utrecht C.J. van der Bas 1 oktober 2008 EZRA, EEN VERHAAL APART Een onderzoek naar de betrouwbaarheid van de Aramese teksten in Ezra Doctoraalscriptie Godsdienstgeschiedenis Israël Faculteit der Godgeleerdheid Universiteit Utrecht C.J. van der Bas (studentnummer 8937249) 1 oktober 2008 Begeleiding en beoordeling: Prof. B. Becking en Dr. M. Dijkstra WOORD VOORAF Toen ik in 1989 aan de deeltijd-opleiding theologie begon, kon ik niet vermoeden dat het een reis zou worden, die bijna 20 jaar zou duren. Het eerste traject ging vlot, maar gaandeweg kwamen er kinken in de kabel. Na mijn zestigste veranderde mijn leven. Er werden kleinkinderen geboren en natuurlijk vroeg dat aandacht en tijd. Daar kwam bij, dat de mensen met wie ik tijdens de studie was opgelopen, afstudeerden. Het werd kortom een eenzame reis. Toch heb ik met veel plezier aan mijn scriptie gewerkt. Het onderwerp paste goed in mijn doctoraal-programma met als hoofdvak godsdienstgeschiedenis van Israël en als klein bijvak taalkunde. Professor B. Becking en Dr. M. Dijkstra dank ik voor hun begeleiding en inzet. Dankbaar ben ik voor de niet aflatende steun van zoveel mensen om mij heen, die mij terzijde stonden met inhoudelijke adviezen en altijd klaar stonden om bij te springen als er problemen waren met de computer of als de moed me in de schoenen zonk. Zonder volledig te willen en te kunnen zijn zou ik met name mijn studievrienden Leen Burger en Ria Keuning als ook mijn zwager Suffridus de Jong willen noemen. -
“Love in the Ruins” Ezra 5-6 June 21, 2020 INTRODUCTION: the Returning Exiles Made a Start in Rebuilding the Temple
“Love in the Ruins” Ezra 5-6 June 21, 2020 INTRODUCTION: The returning exiles made a start in rebuilding the temple and managed to complete its foundation. But there it sat, unfinished, for almost twenty years. There is something profoundly sad to me about a building lying unfinished for so long a time. It speaks of poor planning and wasted resources at the least, and perhaps more tragically of financial reversals and dashed hopes. And since this unfinished temple was right in the heart of the city, it spoke continually and loudly of these things. The unfinished temple was a symbol of failure, and the longer it sat in its unfinished condition, the deeper the sense of failure. Before long, failure would become part of their identity. Since the temple was the place where God met his people, this situation speaks of a ruined relationship with God. Where such ruin exists, we can grow accustomed to it so that it feels normal. Perhaps that had happened to these returned exiles. You may recognize the title of this sermon as the title of a Walker Percy novel. I’ve not read the novel, but I find the title interesting. It could even serve as a summary of Ezra and Nehemiah. The exiles return to a nation that is in ruins because of the sin of their ancestors. But there is love to be found there, and it is the faithful love of God. Could that title describe your life as well? Perhaps there is a symbol of failure in your life, much like this unfinished temple. -
EZRA and NEHEMIAH 1Lonbott: C
~bt C:antbrtbgc 1Stblt for i:cboolu anb <tollcgtu. THE BOOKS OF EZRA AND NEHEMIAH 1Lonbott: c. J. CLAY AND SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. Ol:antbtl1:ig1: DEIGHTON, BELL, AND CO. ~1iJJ,ig: F. A. BROCKHAUS. ffetb:J '!!!orlt: MACMILLAN AND CO, 32° 36° 480 - .. - ' .., (J , • • l frt, '·- t' .......... --. ' l' " ... , , ' • ' ' • I '\ ~ ui ' I - ·-- \ -~ ~- I - -- - - .... ' ' ---,: • r,q , I NE.DI I 'l'ERR.ANE.AN S E .A I • 8 • E ,,,. 0 '' ~ • " • ~ < r~---· 0 I 1f )..z . A \ . ""'- • ~ 0 A A B I A ,• .' V""..., .,. ~ • - ,,. • WESTERN ASIA I to .ill,atrate THE CAPTIVITY OF J UDAH 28 u B:.f"~• lM •••• p p :r • ''BED SE.A _, ... 32° 36° 48• Sw.nlord ~bt ctambrtbgt titbit fur §,ci)oolu anb €.olltgtu. GENERAL EDITOR :-J. J. s. PEROWNE, D.D. J3ISHOP OF WORCESTER, THE BOOKS OF EZRA AND NEHEMIAH WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES AND MAPS BY HERBERT EDWARD RYLE, B.D. HULSEAN PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY, PROFESSORIAL FELLOW OF KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; AND EXAMINING CHAPLAIN TO THE LORD BISHOP OF RIPON, EDITED FOR THE SYNDICS OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1893 [All Rights reserved,] (!t:ambtibge PRINTED MV C. J. CLAY M,A. ANU S.ONS AT THE UNIVERSITY PRE~S PREFACE DY THE GENERAL EDITOR. THE General Editor of Tlte Cambridge Bible for Schools thinks it right to say that he does not hold himself responsible either for the interpretation of particular passages which the Editors of the several Books have adopted, or for any opinion on points of doctrine that they may have expressed. -
Jerusalem Re-Established (539-516 BC) Ezra 1-6
Jerusalem Re-Established (539-516 BC) Ezra 1-6 Review Time span represented in Ezra o Ezra 1-6 are Ezra’s review of history prior to his being “on site” (539-516 BC) o Ezra 7-10 reflect his own involvement (ca. 460-445 BC) Immediate Persian context: Cyrus the Great (559-530) o conquered Babylon o issued edict prompting the return Subsequent Persian kings o Cambyses (530-522 BC) o Darius I (522-486 BC) – after tumult surrounding Cambyses’ death, Darius took the throne; favorable toward Judah on his SW border Temple completed o Xerxes I (486-465 BC) – called Ahasuerus in Esther o Artaxerxes I (464-425 BC) Overview - Nature of Material in Ezra 1-6 Narratives, lists (temple vessels, those who returned, genealogies, residents), and archived letters and decrees (which have parallels with official Persian documents) Language shift – sections with the “archived” documents are in Aramaic (4:8-6:18) Chapter 4 – summary of ongoing opposition from reign of Cyrus until Artaxerxes I (Ezra’s time)—narrative shift from initial attempts to rebuild the Temple to later work on the Wall and back to the Temple Geopolitics – Ethnic Groups “Beyond the River” (Trans-Euphrates) after the Temple’s Destruction “People of the land” (3:3, 4:4) –why were they a threat? Identity(ies)? Edomites (Idumeans) moved into Negev and southern Judah Samaritans (or Samarians) Ammonites Moabites and Edomites Philistines / Arabians Judah was small and surrounded by antagonistic neighbors – satrapy called “beyond the river” whose governor was Tattenai (name shows up -
Opposition to the Work of God Is Me Say a Word About a Chronological Also Apparent Today
Ezra 4-6 CLASSIFICATION: TEXT--------------------- --EXPOSITORY "OPPOSITION TO THE WORKOF --BIOGRAPHICAL --TEXTUAL --TOPICAL SCRIPTURE READING•---------------- --DEVOTIONAL DELIVERIES: Hour and F.B.C. 08-28-96 WEDS. San Angelo, TX (XXX+++ +); BIBLIOGRAPHY________________________________ _ Ezra 4-6 ert Kriegel has written a book Ezra 4:1-5 and Ezra 4:24 describe entitled Sacred Cows Make the Best the delay of the rebuilding of the Temple Burgers in which he describes the which occurred during the reign of Cyrus. jneyitable ta change in the The reconstruction was not completed business world and how it can be until the second year of Darius' rule which overcome. His term for this blanket was 520 BC. opposition to change is "firehosing." problem arises in Ezra 4:6-23 Firehosing is demonstrated in those where the biblical writer referred to people who react to any new idea with (sometimes known as Xerxes) five good reasons why it won' ork. He who ruled from 486-465 BC and in Ezra calls it firehosing " he referred to Artaxerxes who people's enthusi ruled from 465-425 BC. the creativity, and j biblical writer interposed some material at excitem the spot. this point describing opposition to the Resistance to change is not just rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem which found in the business world. It is also the happened at a later period. We've heard perpetual enemy of progress in God's of writers who do a "flash-back" to an work. Zerubbabel discovered that shortly earlier period as they tell their story. This after he and the other exiles returned to biblical writer did a indicate that the o osition to th e arrival in Jerusalem of the o was continuous. -
The Sa Trapy "Beyond the River"
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY THE SATRAPY "BEYOND THE RIVER" By A. F. RAlNEY University of Tel Aviv The period of Persian rule in Palestine and Syria was a time of far reaching developments in Judaism. Unfortunately, the sources pertaining to this important stage in biblical history are very meager, especially for the fourth century B.C. However, we may not assume that all was peace and quiet in Palestine. In fact, as the bridge connecting Greece with Persia (via the Phoenician cities), Egypt with Mesopotamia, and Arabia with the West, Palestine became the scene of numerous climactic encounters between the cultural centres of the "classical" world. Thus, the history of the Persian province "Beyond the River" (Palestine Syria) is of great interest for the student of the Bible. "Beyond the River" is a geographical term which later assumed specific political and administrative significance. The river is always the Euphrates, and the expression is generally used in Hebrew sources dealing with the Pre-exilic period from the standpoint of a person in Palestine. 1 However, in the description of Solomon's empire the term clearly refers to the region west of the Euphrates, i.e., Palestine and Syria, " ... all of 'Beyond the River' from Tiphsah to Gaza, and all of the kings of 'Beyond the River'" (1 Kings 4:24). This designation for the area west of the Euphrates corresponds to the cognate Akkadian expression eber nari which makes its first documented appearance during the reign of Esarhaddon. One passage in that king's annals refers to "the kings of Hatti(Syria) and eber nari," which included the rulers of Tyre, J udah, Edom, Moab, Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron, Byblos, Arwad, Samsimuruna, Ammon, and Ashdod. -
Ezra-Nehemiah the Old Testament Library
ISBN 0-664-22186-6 ,!7IA6G4-ccbigh!:t;K;k;K;k 6.00 x 9.00 6.00 x 9.00 ,!7IA6G4-ccbigh! .835 JOSEPH BLENKINSOPP EZRA-NEHEMIAH THE OLD TESTAMENT LIBRARY General Editors PETER ACKROYD, University of London JAMES BARR, Oxford University BERNHARD W. ANDERSON, Princeton Theological Seminary JAMES L. MAYS, Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Virginia Advisory Editor JOHN BRIGHT, Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Virginia JOSEPH BLENKINSOPP IEZRA=NIEJHIIEMilAJHI A Commentary THE WESTMINSTER PRESS PHILADELPHIA © 1988 Joseph Blenkinsopp All rights reserved-no part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review in magazine or newspaper. Excerpt from "Choruses from 'The Rock'" in Collected Poems 1909-1962 by T. S. Eliot, copyright 1936 by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.; copyright © 1963, 1964 by T. S. Eliot. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., and Faber and Faber Ltd. First edition Published by The Westminster Press@ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blenkinsopp, Joseph, 1927- Ezra-Nehemiah : a commentary I Joseph Blenkinsopp. p. cm. - (The Old Testament library) Bibliography: p. ISBN 0-664-22186-6 pbk 1. Bible. O.T. Ezra-Commentaries. 2. Bible. O.T. Nehemiah-Commentaries. I. Title. II. Series. BS1355.3.B58 1988 222'.7077-dcl9 88-14877 CIP In the vacant places We will build with new bricks There are hands and machines And clay for new brick And lime for new mortar Where the bricks are fallen We will build with new stone Where the beams are rotten We will build with new timbers Where the word is unspoken We will build with new speech. -
Ezra 202 1 Edition Dr
Notes on Ezra 202 1 Edition Dr. Thomas L. Constable TITLE The title in the English text comes from the main character in the second part of the book (chapters 7—10). Also in the Septuagint translation, this book bore the name of Ezra: "Esdras," the Greek transliteration of "Ezra." "Ezra" is a short form of Azariah, which means "Yahweh has helped." The Hebrew Bible has the same title. Early Hebrew copyists placed Ezra together with Nehemiah because Nehemiah continues the history of Ezra.1 Another reason they may have done this was to make the total number of canonical books agree with the number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet.2 Another view is that they were written originally as one book and then divided later.3 Even today the Hebrew Bible links Ezra and Nehemiah, as did the Septuagint translators. However, the repetition of Ezra 2 in Nehemiah 7:6-70 suggests to some that these two books were not originally joined together. Evidently, Origen (A.D. 185-253) was the first to divide Ezra-Nehemiah into two books, and Jerome followed this precedent in his Latin (Vulgate) translation.4 Thus, the division of Ezra-Nehemiah appears to have come from the Christian 1For an extended discussion of the views of scholars on the relationship of the ministries of Ezra and Nehemiah, see H. H. Rowley, "The Chronological Order of Ezra and Nehemiah," in The Servant of the Lord and other Essays on the Old Testament, pp. 137-68; John Bright, A History of Israel, pp. 375-86; and Edwin Yamauchi, "Ezra-Nehemiah," in 1 Kings- Job, vol. -
The Return of the Exiles Under Sheshbazzar and Zerubbabel (Ezra 1–2)
JETS 51/3 (September 2008) 513–22 A CHRONOLOGICAL NOTE: THE RETURN OF THE EXILES UNDER SHESHBAZZAR AND ZERUBBABEL (EZRA 1–2) andrew e. steinmann* The text of Ezra is replete with chronological information, beginning with the first chapter’s reference to Cyrus’s first year (538 bc; Ezra 1:1) and ending with the last chapter’s reference to the first day of the first month of what is apparently Artaxerxes’ eighth year (March 27, 457 bc; Ezra 10:17 ).1 Be- tween these are sixteen other references to specific years, months, or days (Ezra 3:1, 6, 8; 4:24; 5:13, 6:3, 15, 19; 7:7, 8, 9 [2x]; 8:31, 33; 10:9, 16). Despite this seeming wealth of chronological data, the date of the first major event in the book following Cyrus’s decree—the return of exiles under the leader- ship of Zerubbabel—is not recorded. The closest that the writer comes to dating this event is Ezra 3:8: In the second year of the coming to the house of God, to Jerusalem, in the second month, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak with the rest of their brothers, the priests and the Levites and all who came from the captivity of Jerusalem, began. They appointed the Levites from twenty years old and older to supervise the work on the house of Yahweh. Apparently the events of Ezra 2:1–3:7 took place in the first year of “the coming to the house of God, to Jerusalem.” But this does not answer the question of when the exiles first returned to Jerusalem. -
Ezra Recounts the Challenges Endured in the Rebuilding of the Temple and Jerusalem
5/9/2018 Ezra Ezra recounts the challenges endured in the rebuilding of the Temple and Jerusalem. • Now we return to the matter of the building of the Temple. 4:24‐ 6:22 • In obedience to the Word of the Lord spoken by Haggai and Zechariah, Zerubbabel and Jeshua begin rebuilding the Temple. • Zerubbabel and Jeshua had clear instructions from God and did not nor should they have requested the permission of anyone else. • The opposition was swift and strong but contrary to earlier times did not stop the building. The fact that the regional governor, Tattenai came to check out the building reflects the continuing opposition from those referenced in Ezra 4:4‐5. Ezra 5:3‐5 1 5/9/2018 Ezra recounts the challenges endured in the rebuilding of the Temple and Jerusalem. • Now we return to the matter of the building of the Temple. 4:24‐ 6:22 • Tattenai the provincial governor send a letter to Darius based on his interactions with the people building the Temple. • The text of the letter indicates a greater sincerity than the letter we saw to Araxerxes. • The fact that they did not forcibly stop the work showed at least a cautious belief in the possibility of a claim of a decree by Cyrus. • There seems to be an accurate recounting of the reason given by the Jews for rebuilding and a sincere desire to know if such a decree was made by Cyrus. Ezra recounts the challenges endured in the rebuilding of the Temple and Jerusalem. • Now we return to the matter of the building of the Temple. -
Xerxes and Babylonia
ORIENTALIA LOVANIENSIA ANALECTA Xerxes and Babylonia The Cuneiform Evidence edited by CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS and MAARJA SEIRE PEETERS XERXES AND BABYLONIA: THE CUNEIFORM EVIDENCE ORIENTALIA LOVANIENSIA ANALECTA ————— 277 ————— XERXES AND BABYLONIA The Cuneiform Evidence edited by CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS and MAARJA SEIRE PEETERS LEUVEN – PARIS – BRISTOL, CT 2018 A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. © 2018, Peeters Publishers, Bondgenotenlaan 153, B-3000 Leuven/Louvain (Belgium) This is an open access version of the publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. ISBN 978-90-429-3670-6 eISBN 978-90-429-3809-7 D/2018/0602/119 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS . VII CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS Introduction: Debating Xerxes’ Rule in Babylonia . 1 REINHARD PIRNGRUBER Towards a Framework for Interpreting Social and Economic Change in Babylonia During the Long 6th Century BCE . 19 MAŁGORZATA SANDOWICZ Before Xerxes: The Role of the Governor of Babylonia in the Administration of Justice Under the First Achaemenids . 35 MICHAEL JURSA Xerxes: The Case of Sippar and the Ebabbar Temple . 63 KARLHEINZ KESSLER Uruk: The Fate of the Eanna Archive, the Gimil-Nanāya B Archive, and Their Archaeological Evidence . 73 CAROLINE WAERZEGGERS The Network of Resistance: Archives and Political Action in Baby- lonia Before 484 BCE . 89 MATHIEU OSSENDRIJVER Babylonian Scholarship and the Calendar During the Reign of Xerxes .