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Characteristics and Performance of Fisheries Co-Management in Asia

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Characteristics and Performance of Fisheries Co-Management in Asia Characteristics and performance of fisheries co-management in Asia Synthesis of knowledge and case studies: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Philippines and Sri Lanka Characteristics and performance of fisheries co-management in Asia Synthesis of knowledge and case studies: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Philippines and Sri Lanka Authors Philippa J. Cohen, Matthew Roscher, Achini Wathsala Fernando, Sarah Freed, Len Garces, Sevvandi Jayakody, Firoz Khan, Kosal Mam, Md. Nahiduzzaman, Paul Ramirez, Md. Hadayet Ullah, Martin van Brakel, Patrick Smallhorn-West, Cassandra DeYoung Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and WorldFish Bangkok, 2021 Required citation: Cohen, P.J., Roscher, M., Wathsala Fernando, A., Freed, S., Garces, L., Jayakody, S., Khan, F., Mam, K., Nahiduzzaman, M., Ramirez, P., Ullah, M.H., van Brakel, M., Patrick Smallhorn-West, P. and DeYoung, C. 2021. Characteristics and performance of fisheries co-management in Asia - Synthesis of knowledge and case studies: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Philippines and Sri Lanka. Bangkok. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb3840en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not im- ply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or WorldFish concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or bound- aries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or WorldFish in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or WorldFish. ISBN 978-92-5-134133-9 [FAO] © FAO, 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non- Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licens- es/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-com- mercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equiv- alent Creative Commons licence. 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Contents Acknowledgements VI Abbreviations and acronyms VII Executive summary IX Background and purpose 1 Chapter 1 - Evidence and efficacy of co-management in Asia 5 Chapter 2 - Fisheries co-management in Bangladesh 13 Bangladesh Case Study 1: Co-management of the Haor Basin, Sunamganj District 16 Bangladesh Case Study 2: Management of large river fisheries in the Meghna, Chandpur District 23 Chapter 3 - Fisheries co-management in Cambodia 29 Cambodia Case Study 1: Co-management of Community Fisheries in the Stung Treng Ramsar Site 32 Cambodia Case Study 2: Co-management of Boeng Daiphtaul Community Fish Refuge and Prek Luong Sdey Ler Community Fisheries 38 Chapter 4 - Fisheries co-management in Philippines 45 Philippines Case Study 1: Co-management in Siete Picados Marine Protected area in Coron, Calamianes group of islands, Palawan 49 Philippines Case Study 2: Co-management in Danajon Bank, Bohol 54 Chapter 5 - Fisheries co-management in Sri Lanka 61 Sri Lanka Case Study 1: Co-management in Bar Reef Marine Sanctuary 64 Chapter 6 - Synthesis and recommendations 73 References 83 Annex 1: Case study methodology 92 Annex 2: Indicator and scoring checklist for case studies 96 Annex 3: Questionnaire on level and impact of co-management in Bar Reef Marine Sanctuary 98 Tables Table 1 Process and outcome indicators of co-management efficacy in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Philippines and Sri Lanka. Numbers in parentheses are the number of cases (Box 1) observed in Evans et al., (2011), and the following number is the cases we identified from the literature (published between 2010 and 2020) we examined. 7 Table 2 Total number of reports (i.e. a journal article, or a report) and cases (i.e. a unique co-management site or initiative) in our four focal countries derived from Evans et al., 2011 (search period 1996–2010), and the current review (search period 2011–2020). 8 Table 3 Summary of significant or noteworthy events identified by focus group discussion participants in Sunamganj and community perceptions. Indicator trends in green III specify the event had a positive effect on that indicator category, while those in red specify a negative effect and those in yellow specify a neutral effect. Where cells are blank trend status was uncertain, not discernible from reports, or not provided by respondents. 21 Table 4 Summary of significant or noteworthy events identified by key informants and focus group discussion participants in Chandpur large river fisheries and resulting indicator trends. Indicator trends in green specify the event had a positive effect on that indicator category, while those in red specify a negative effect and those in yellow specify a neutral effect. Where cells are blank trend status was uncertain, not discernible from reports, or not provided by respondents. 26 Table 5 Key events in co-management at Stung Treng, with resulting indicator trends by indicator category. Indicator trends in green specify the event had a positive effect on that indicator category, while those in red specify a negative effect and those in yellow specify a neutral effect. Where cells are blank trend status was uncertain, not discernible from reports, or not provided by respondents. 34 Table 6 Key events in co-management at Prek Luong Sdey Ler, with resulting indicator trends by indicator category. Indicator trends in green specify the event had a positive effect on that indicator category, while those in red specify a negative effect and those in yellow specify a neutral effect. Where cells are blank trend status was uncertain, not discernible from reports, or not provided by respondents. 39 Table 7 Key events in the co-management of Siete Picados MPA and the resulting indicator trends by indicator category. Indicator trends in green specify the event had a positive effect on that indicator category, while those in red specify a negative effect and those in yellow specify a neutral effect. Where cells are blank trend status was uncertain, not discernible from reports, or not provided by respondents. 53 Table 8 Details for the key events in the co-management of fisheries for Danajon Bank. Indicator trends in green specify the event had a positive effect on that indicator category, while those in red specify a negative effect and those in yellow specify a neutral effect. Where cells are blank trend status was uncertain, not discernible from reports, or not provided by respondents. 55 Table 9 Summary of important events in the development of co-management in Bar Reef Marine Sanctuary and the resulting indicator trends where available by indicator category. Indicator trends in green specify the event had a positive effect on that indicator category, while those in red specify a negative effect and those in yellow specify a neutral effect. Where cells are blank trend status was uncertain, not discernible from reports, or not provided by respondents. 67 Table 10 Event types associated with the co-management process. Adapted from Abernathy et al., (2014). 93 Table 11 A summary of respondents who provided primary data for these case studies. 94 Figures Figure 1 Case study countries with names of sites of co-management that are examined more closely in this report. X Figure 2 The relative roles of government and resource users or fisher groups in management. This illustrates that co-management can fall on a spectrum of IV governing responsibility and power. At one end is ‘instructive’ management, where the process “tends to be government informing users on the decisions they plan to make”. At the other is ‘informative’ management, where the “Government has delegated authority to make decisions to user groups who are responsible for informing government” (re-drawn from Sen and Nielsen, 1996).
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