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Characterization of Predominant Rice Growing Soils in Vadipatti Block Of Trends132 in Biosciences 10(1), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 132-137, in Biosciences 2017 10 (1), 2017 Characterization of Predominant Rice Growing Soils in Vadipatti Block of Madurai District into Low and High P Availability Soils to Study the Phosphorus Release Pattern C. JEMILA*, BAKIYATHU SALIHA B** AND UDAYA KUMAR S*** Dept. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Tamil Nadu email: [email protected] ABSTRACT P fixation tends to be more pronounced in clays if they are predominant with CaO and CaCO . However organic A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted during 3 manures and biofertilisers play an important role in 2013-14 in the post graduate research laboratory of the Department of Soils and Environment at Agricultural improving the productivity of soils. College and Research Institute, Madurai to characterize It is also estimated that crop can often utilise only the predominant rice growing soils of Vadipatti block of one quarter to one third of applied fertiliser P during the Madurai district into low and high P availability and to first growing season and the next remain in soil as the study the phosphorus release pattern. The treatments were equilibrium solution P concentration seldom exceeds 0.1 imposed based on the fertiliser recommendation viz., micro gram (Tandon, 1987). It is important to utilise and -1 recycle native P for plant nutrition both to reduce the cost 150:50:50 Kg N, P2O5, K2O ha , Mussoorie rock phosphate @ 224 kg ha-1, farm yard manure @ 12.5 tonnes of production and sustain the mineral reserves for longer ha-1 and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Lignite based period. Management of soil P in intensive irrigated rice has phosphate solubilizing bacterium, Bacillus megaterium rather received less attention than intensive cropping var. Phosphaticum PSB-1) @ 2 kg ha-1 in a Completely intensity and new cultivars, irrigation and fertiliser N Randomized Design (CRD). Among the treatments imposed, (Dobermann et al., 2003). In early years crop response to Single super phosphate and farm yard manure incubated fertiliser P were marginal (De Datta and Mikelsen, 1985). soils registered the maximum release of Olsen - P of 163.3 With continuous intensive cropping, P became the first and 184.3 mg kg-1in soils of low and high available P status, deficient nutrient as revealed in long term experiments. respectively. A significant improvement in available P Various biological and biochemical approaches have been status was also noticed with inoculation of P solubilizing tried past but ended up with limited success only. Moreover, bacteria with Mussoorie Rock Phosphate (123.1 and 138.6 the availability and uptake of phosphorus is generally mg kg-1) in soils of low and high available P status. influenced by soil properties and degree of soluble forms of phosphorus. Keywords Farm yard manure; High Phosphorus; Low As a preliminary assessment and to know the phosphorus; Mussoorie rock phosphate; distribution and release pattern of inorganic phosphorus Single super phosphate. in the soil a survey was taken up and the soils were categorized into low and high p available soils. An Phosphorus is one of the major essential macro incubation experiment was carried out in soils of low and nutrients limiting plant growth owing to its low high available phosphorus to know the status of the nutrient bioavailability in soils (Gyaneshwar et al., 2002; Feng et released at different intervals. In particular, more information al., 2004). Development of important cultivars and adoption on the rate and amount of desorption of inorganic P from of intensive cultivation in the last few decades has led to different soils, would be useful in adopting the suitable P several fold increase in the demand for nutrient P. India is management practices under different soil-crop- still not self reliant in meeting the P demand of high yielding environment situations. With this background in view, the varieties and imported about 2.875 MT of DAP during the P release pattern of the major rice growing soils in Madurai year 2006 - 2007. On the other side, parts of South India district were assessed through laboratory incubation study. continue to register high status of available phosphorus in MATERIALS AND METHODS major rice growing soils (Witt et al., 2009) highlighting the Incubation experiment was conducted in the post need for economic and efficient management of P. Thus graduate research laboratory of the Department of Soils research priorities have to be directed towards finding either and Environment at Agricultural College and Research alternate P sources for crop production after assessing the Institute, Madurai for a duration of 60 days from 01.08.2013 availability status of P or making the native phosphorus in to 29.09.2013.Vadipatti block comprises an area of about soil and applied phosphorus through fertiliser sources 48,239 hectares including 26 villages where rice is grown as available to the uptake of rice crop at right time. a predominant crop. Representative surface (0 -15) soil Phosphorus availability from soil is considered as a samples from these 26 villages of Vadipatti block were major constraint for crop production particularly in collected, processed and analysed for the status of P calcareous soils (Dange et al., 2008). These soils have availability. Based on the analytical results, these soils were extremely high capacity to precipitate phosphorus and thus categorized into low (<11 kg ha-1) and high (>22 kg ha-1) its deficiency becomes wide spread inspite of high total status of P availability. Details of the location of collection phosphorus content in soil making it unavailable to plants. JEMILA et al., Characterization of Predominant Rice Growing Soils in Vadipatti Block of Madurai District 133 Table 1. Details of predominant rice growing villages Table 2. Details of location of soils of low and high P of Vadipatti block of Madurai district availability chosen to conduct incubation 1. Aandipatti 14. Kuruvithurai experiment 2. Bodhinayackanpatti 15. Mannadimangalm S.No Low P available High P available 3. Cheminipatti 16. Manickampatti regions regions 1. Viralipatti Kattakulam 4. Chinnamanayackanpatti 17. Naachikulam 2. Karupatti Nachikulam 5. Chitthalankudi 18. Nedungulam, 3. Manickampatti Kattakulam West 4. Kacchakatti Sukkampatti 6. C.Pudhur 19. Poochampatti 5. Irumbadi South Irumbadi 7. Irumbadi 20. Ramayanpatti 8. Kacchakatti 21. Sukkampatti @ 12.5 tonnes ha-1 and phosphate solubilizing bacteria 9. Kaadupatti 22. Thatthampatti (Lignite based phosphate solubilizing bacterium, Bacillus megateriumvar.Phosphaticum PSB-1) @ 2 kg ha-1 in a 10. Kattakulam 23. Thiruvedagam Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated thrice with 11. Karupatti 24. Thumbichampatti the treatment details are furnished below. T1 : Complex 12. Kulasekarankottai 25. T.V.Nallur fertiliser source (20:20:0); T2 : Complex fertiliser source (20:20:0) + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria; T : Mussoorie 13. Kutladampatti 26. Viralipatti 3 rock phosphate + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria; T4 : Farm yard manure + Straight fertiliser source (Single super and categorization of soil samples for conducting the phosphate); T5 : Straight fertiliser source (Single super laboratory incubation study are furnished in Tables 1 and phosphate); T : Control (No fertiliser). 2. 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The soil samples collected from the above location were processed and used for laboratory incubation studies. Characterization of soil samples for laboratory The samples were air dried, powdered and sieved through incubation study 2.0 mm sieve for the analysis of basic parameters like pH, Soil samples from rice growing tracts in the Vadipatti electrical conductivity and available nitrogen was analyzed block of Madurai district were collected and analysed for by alkaline permanganate method (Subbaiah and available P content and categorized into low and high P Asija, 1956), available phosphorus by Olsen et al. (1954) available status. Five samples each from both the category method and available potassium by ammonium acetate of soils were selected and analysed for various physical method (Hanway and Heidal, 1952). For estimating organic and chemical properties. Soil samples drawn at nine carbon the samples were sieved through 0.5 mm sieve incubation periods (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63 separately by adopting standard procedures. days) were analysed for Olsen’s available P. The Laboratory incubation study to evaluate the P release characterization of each of the low and high available P pattern: Two sets of low and high available phosphorus soils are summarized below. soils were maintained for the incubation study over a period Characterisation of soils for incubation study (Low of 60 days. Two hundred grams of soil was used for each status of P availability) experimental unit and the incubation was carried out in 500 ml plastic storage containers. Each treatment combination Soil samples collected from the villages of Viralipatti, was incubated maintaining the maximum moisture content Karupatti, Manickampatti, Kacchakatti and Irumbadi of at field capacity (21 % gravimetrically) under laboratory Vadipatti block, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu were analysed conditions. Soil samples were drawn at weekly intervals for various properties and were categorized as low available and analysed for Olsen-available P. phosphorus region with the available P status ranging below -1 -1 The treatments were imposed
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