DOCSLIB.ORG

Leptocephalus Larvae of the Tribe Sphagebranchini (Pisces, Ophichthidae) in the Western North Atlantic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leptocephalus Larvae of the Tribe Sphagebranchini (Pisces, Ophichthidae) in the Western North Atlantic BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 32(1): 220-236, 1982 LEPTOCEPHALUS LARVAE OF THE TRIBE SPHAGEBRANCHINI (PISCES, OPHICHTHIDAE) IN THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC Mark M. Leiby ABSTRACT Larvae of Apterichtus ansp, A, kendalli, Ichthyapus ophioneus, a problematical specimen tentatively identified as Microrhynchus (sensu Blache and Bauchot, 1972) sp. and Sticto- rhinus potamius are described. A. ansp, A. kendalli, I. ophioneus and Microrhynchus sp. are characterized by having the dorsal fin confined to the tail-tip and by reduction in gill arch development. S. potamius is characterized by its highly developed pigmentation and by its dorsal fin origin above the anus. An explanation for the difficulties encountered in deter- mining dorsal fin origin in ophichthid larvae is given. The ophichthid tribe Sphagebranchini (sensu McCosker, 1977) comprises ]2 nominal species in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Blache (1977) described five series of larvae from the eastern Atlantic which he identified as Microrhynchus sp. aff. foresti, Apterichtus caecus, Verma kendaLli, V. monodi and Verma sp. Fahay and Obenchain (1978) identified two forms of larvae from the western Atlantic as Apterichtus (=Verma) kendalli and A. ansp. Recently, Leiby (in press) questioned these authors' identifications and descriptions of Verma mon- odi, Verma sp., Apterichtus (=Verma) kendalli, and A. ansp. This paper provides definitive larval descriptions of A. ansp, A. kendalli, Ichth- yapus ophioneus, a problematical specimen tentatively identified as Microrhyn- chus (sensu Blache and Bauchot, 1972) sp., and Stictorhinus potamius. It also provides an explanation for the difficulties occasionally encountered in determin- ing dorsal-fin origin in ophichthid larvae. METHODS Measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm using an optical micrometer in a dissecting mi- croscope. All counts, measurements, and growth stages are as defined in Leiby (1979a, b). At least one larva of each species was stained for bone and cartilage following Dingerkus and Uhler (1977) and dissected for osteological study. Drawings were made using a camera lucida on a dissecting microscope. Data on adult A. ansp, A. kendalli, and I. ophioneus were obtained from cleared and stained specimens, from the literature and from x-rays provided by Dr. James E. Bohlke, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Data on Microrhynchus foresti were obtained from the literature. Data on S. potamius were obtained from the literature and from x-rays provided by Eugenia B. Bohlke. Collection locations for the species examined are shown in Figure I. Institutional abbreviations used in this study are: Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCZ); Marine Biomedical Institute, Galveston, Texas (MBI); Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory, St. Petersburg, Florida (FSBC); National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Center, Highlands, New Jersey (NMFS-NFC); South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Charleston, South Car- olina (SCMRD); Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida (UMML); University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (URI). Apterichtus ansp (Bohlke) Figures 2, 4, 5; Table 3 ldentification.-An advanced metamorphic larva in a series of 28 specimens had two temporal pores (TP ]-2) and four preoperculomandibular pores (POP ]-4) 220 LEIBY: LARVAL SPHAGEBRANCHINI 221 •• :Apterichtus ansp o :Apterichtus kendalli 0: Ichlhyapus ophioneus .: ?Mlcrorhynchus sp. • : Stictorhinus potamlU5 C>-. 0 ,~, o •• o Figure I. Distribution of larval Microrhynchus sp., Stictorhinus potamius, Apterichtus ansp, A. kendalli and Ichthyapus ophioneus. in the cephalic lateralis system. This condition is found only in the tribe Sphag- ebranchini. The specimen was cleared and stained; the hydroid arch had ]6 bran- chiostegals; the gill arches (Fig. 2A) lacked basibranchials two and three (B 2-3), had basibranchial four (B 4) so weakly developed that it would be reduced or lost by the time metamorphosis was complete, and had a small ceratobranchial five (C 5) that would be reduced or absent in adults. Apterichtus is the only Atlantic sphagebranchin genus known to lack B 2-3, to have B 4 and C 5 either reduced or absent, and to have so few branchiostega]s. Comparison of total and nephric myomere counts of the larvae with total and precaudal counts of the six nomina] adult Apterichtus species in the Atlantic eliminated all but A. ansp (a western Atlantic species) and A. gracilis (an eastern Atlantic species). The presence of small (9.9 mm TL) larvae in the South Atlantic Bight indicates a recent spawning in the western North Atlantic. Consequently, the series of larvae can only be A. ansp. 1 mm 1m'" Figure 2. (Left) A, Gill arches of Apterichrus ansp from a 57.0-mm TL euryodontic specimen; B, Caudal skeleton of same specimen. Figure 3. (Right) A, Gill arches of Aptericlzrus kendalli from a 76.9-mm TL early metamorphic specimen; B, Caudal skeleton of same specimen. 222 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 32, NO. 1.1982 Figure 4. Apterichtus ansp, engyodontic stage. A, Leptocephalus 9.9 mm TL; B, Head of same specimen. General Morphology.-Twenty-eight larvae examined, 9.9-70.2 mm total length (TL). Body relatively elongate, much compressed, clear. Dorsal fin confined to tail-tip until late metamorphosis when all fins resorbed. Total myomeres 129-136; nephric myomeres 63-67; preanal myomeres 65-70, anus migrates anteriorly dur- ing metamorphosis; predorsal myomeres 114-125 in late euryodontic and early metamorphic specimens; predorsal myomeres cannot be determined in engyo- dontic or early euryodontic larvae. Branchiostegals 15-16. Generally nine much- reduced gut loops or swellings, often differentiable from preservation artifacts only by chromatophore patch beneath nephric duct on swelling (Table I); two usually distinct loops along esophagus, first at anterior end of liver, second at posterior end of liver; gut expands posterior to gall bladder and liver. Nephros terminates one to three myomeres anterior to anus. Relative preanal length (PAL) and head length (HL) decrease with growth of specimen due to differential growth in tail region (Table 2). Preanal myomere number remains constant. Pigmentation.-Pigment in formalin-preserved specimens inconspicuous (Figs. 4,5). Weak pigment on anterior half of upper and lower jaws near base of teeth; on lower jaw lateral to juncture of quadrate and Meckel's cartilage; on cheek lateral to hyomandibula. A variable number of chromatophores in body wall lateral to heart. One or more small chromatophores at midline on each myoseptum starting as far forward as myomere six, frequently uniting to form streak of pig- ment on myosepta. Weak pigment on dorsal surface of esophagus near pectoral- fin base. Five to nine irregular pigment patches along dorsal surface of gut, first two mark anterior and posterior lobes of liver, remaining three to seven patches mark gut swellings; number of pigment patches on gut increases from hatching to euryodontic stage. Small, scattered patches of pigment in body wall ventral to gut. Three to five faint, irregular subcutaneous pigment patches on tail just ventral to aorta near postanal myomeres 8-]2, 17-23, 25-35, 38-46, 49-57, number of patches increase from hatching, generally becoming five by early euryodontic stage. A single, weak chromatophore patch on ventral surface of each anal-fin pterygiophore. Material Examined.-Uncatalogued specimens from: NMFS-NFC (13 specimens, 20.2-70.7 mm TL); SCMRD (12, 9.9-29.5); UMML (2, 51.1-57.0); URI (I, 70.2). Engyodontic specimens collected in South Atlantic Bight; metamorphic specimens taken otT Grand Bahama Isle, and otT South Carolina. LEIBY: LARVAL SPHAGEBRANCHINI 223 Table I. Location of gut loops relative to myomere number in four species of sphagebranchin larvae. Values represent maximum range of occurrence observed for each gut loop. Loops are generally two to five myomeres long. (I = frequently low or absent; 2 = occasionally low but always present; 3 = occasionally low or absent) Gut Loops Species #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 A. ansp 10-16 18-23 24-28' 29-351 36-41' 41-46' 50-54' 56-62' 63-701 A. kenda/li 10-]4 18-25 27-30' 31-37 38-42t 44-5()2 52-583 60-66 67-74 I. ophioneus 9-12 17-21 26-30 35-41 47-54 S. potamius 10-13 18-23 26-29 33-38 42-45 49-53 57-62 67-73 71-76 Apterichtus kendalli (Gilbert) Figures 3, 6, 7; Table 3 ldentification.-Late euryodontic and early metamorphic larvae in a series of 24 specimens clearly had the dorsal fin confined to the tail-tip, indicating that the larvae were finless sphagebranchins. The gill arches (Fig. 3A) of a cleared and stained specimen lacked B 2-3 and had B 4 and C 5 so weakly developed that they would be reduced or absent in adults. The hyoid arch had 15branchiostegals. This combination of characters indicated that the series belonged to Apterichtus. The cephalic lateralis system was not fully developed in any of my specimens. Nevertheless, there were clearly four supraorbital pores, SO 1-4 (not including the ethmoidal pore or the median pore in the frontal commissure). The number and condition of the ossicles showed that TP 2 was absent, that POP 1-3 were present and that POP 4 was probably absent. Comparison of the cephalic lateralis system, total myomeres, and nephric myomeres of the larvae with the cephalic lateralis system, total vertebrae, and precaudal vertebrae of the known adult Atlantic Apterichtus spp. eliminated all but A. kendalli. General Morphology.-Twenty-four larvae examined, 5.8-90.3 mm TL. Body relatively elongate, much compressed, clear. Dorsal fin confined to tail-tip until late metamorphosis when all fins resorbed. Total myomeres 137-148; nephric myomeres 67-73; preanal myomeres 69-74, anus migrates anteriorly during meta- Table 2. Body proportions in five species of sphagebranchin larvae (TL = total length; PAL = preanal length; HL = head length) Developmental Size Range No.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean Volume
    ISBN 0-9689167-4-x Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean (Davis Strait, Southern Greenland and Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras) Volume One Acipenseriformes through Syngnathiformes Michael P. Fahay ii Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean iii Dedication This monograph is dedicated to those highly skilled larval fish illustrators whose talents and efforts have greatly facilitated the study of fish ontogeny. The works of many of those fine illustrators grace these pages. iv Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean v Preface The contents of this monograph are a revision and update of an earlier atlas describing the eggs and larvae of western Atlantic marine fishes occurring between the Scotian Shelf and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Fahay, 1983). The three-fold increase in the total num- ber of species covered in the current compilation is the result of both a larger study area and a recent increase in published ontogenetic studies of fishes by many authors and students of the morphology of early stages of marine fishes. It is a tribute to the efforts of those authors that the ontogeny of greater than 70% of species known from the western North Atlantic Ocean is now well described. Michael Fahay 241 Sabino Road West Bath, Maine 04530 U.S.A. vi Acknowledgements I greatly appreciate the help provided by a number of very knowledgeable friends and colleagues dur- ing the preparation of this monograph. Jon Hare undertook a painstakingly critical review of the entire monograph, corrected omissions, inconsistencies, and errors of fact, and made suggestions which markedly improved its organization and presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of Terengganu East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia Ii Iii
    i Fishes of Terengganu East coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia ii iii Edited by Mizuki Matsunuma, Hiroyuki Motomura, Keiichi Matsuura, Noor Azhar M. Shazili and Mohd Azmi Ambak Photographed by Masatoshi Meguro and Mizuki Matsunuma iv Copy Right © 2011 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the specimen photographs are held by the Kagoshima Uni- versity Museum. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows: Matsunuma, M., H. Motomura, K. Matsuura, N. A. M. Shazili and M. A. Ambak (eds.). 2011 (Nov.). Fishes of Terengganu – east coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum, ix + 251 pages. ISBN 978-4-87803-036-9 Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: [email protected]) v Preface Tropical seas in Southeast Asian countries are well known for their rich fish diversity found in various environments such as beautiful coral reefs, mud flats, sandy beaches, mangroves, and estuaries around river mouths. The South China Sea is a major water body containing a large and diverse fish fauna. However, many areas of the South China Sea, particularly in Malaysia and Vietnam, have been poorly studied in terms of fish taxonomy and diversity. Local fish scientists and students have frequently faced difficulty when try- ing to identify fishes in their home countries. During the International Training Program of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (ITP of JSPS), two graduate students of Kagoshima University, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • Snake Eels (Ophichthidae) of the Remote St. Peter and St. Paul's Archipelago (Equatorial Atlantic): Museum Records After 37 Ye
    Arquipelago - Life and Marine Sciences ISSN: 0873-4704 Snake eels (Ophichthidae) of the remote St. Peter and St. Paul’s Archipelago (Equatorial Atlantic): Museum records after 37 years of shelf life OSMAR J. LUIZ AND JOHN E. MCCOSKER Luiz, O.J. and J.E. McCosker 2018. Snake eels (Ophichthidae) of the remote St. Peter and St. Paul’s Archipelago (Equatorial Atlantic): Museum records after 37 years of shelf life. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 36: 9 - 13. Despite of its major zoogeographical interest, the biological diversity of central Atlantic oceanic islands are still poorly known because of its remoteness. Incomplete species inventories are a hindrance to macroecology and conservation because knowledge on species distribution are important for identifying patterns and processes in biodiversity and for conservation planning. Records of the snake-eel family Ophichthidae for the St. Peter and St. Paul’s Archipelago, Brazil, are presented for the first time after revision of material collected and deposited in a museum collection 37 yrs ago. Specimens of Apterichtus kendalli and Herpetoichthys regius were collected using rotenone on sand bottoms and one Myrichthys sp. was observed and photographed swimming over a rocky reef. Remarkably, these species were not seen or collected in the St. Peter and St. Paul’s Archipelago ever since despite the substantial increase of biological expeditions over the past two decades, suggesting that the unjustified rotenone sampling prohibition in Brazil is hindering advancement of the nation’s biological diversity knowledge. Key words: Central Atlantic islands, Anguilliformes, sampling bias, rotenone prohibition. Osmar J. Luiz (e-mail: [email protected]), Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810 Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Summer 2016 Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes Christi Linardich Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, Environmental Health and Protection Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Linardich, Christi. "Hotspots, Extinction Risk and Conservation Priorities of Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico Marine Bony Shorefishes" (2016). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/hydh-jp82 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOTSPOTS, EXTINCTION RISK AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF GREATER CARIBBEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO MARINE BONY SHOREFISHES by Christi Linardich B.A. December 2006, Florida Gulf Coast University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE BIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2016 Approved by: Kent E. Carpenter (Advisor) Beth Polidoro (Member) Holly Gaff (Member) ABSTRACT HOTSPOTS, EXTINCTION RISK AND CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF GREATER CARIBBEAN AND GULF OF MEXICO MARINE BONY SHOREFISHES Christi Linardich Old Dominion University, 2016 Advisor: Dr. Kent E. Carpenter Understanding the status of species is important for allocation of resources to redress biodiversity loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Congrid Eels of the Eastern Pacific and Key to Their Leptocephali
    22 NOAA Technical Report NMFS 22 Congrid Eels of the Eastern Pacific and Key to Their Leptocephali Solomon N. Raju February 1985 u.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distrihution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implemen­ tation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects. analyzes. and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The NOAA Technical Report NMFS series was established in 1983 to replace two subcategories of the Technical Reports series: "Special Scientific Report-Fisheries" and "Circular." The series contains the following types of reports: Scientific investigations thai document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope, papers on applied fishery problems. technical reports of general jntere~t intended 10 aid conservation and management, reports that review in considerable detail and at a high technical level certain broad areas of research, and technical papers originating in economics studies and from management investigations. Copies of NOAA Technical Report NMFS are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State.
    [Show full text]
  • Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes
    Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes Selected meristic characters in species belonging to the orders Anguilliformes or Saccopharyngiformes whose adults or larvae have been collected in the study area. Classification sequence follows Böhlke, 1989. Characters pertain to leptocephali, unless otherwise indicated. Sources: Smith, 1989a; 1989b (and all chapters therein); vert = vertebrae. Last Vertical No. of Gut Family Total Preanal Predorsal Blood Vessel Loops or Species Myomers Myomeres Myomers @ Myomere # Swellings Anguilliformes – Anguillidae Anguilla anguilla 111–119 – – – 0 Anguilla rostrata 103–111 68–73 61–66 44–47 0 Moringuidae Neoconger mucronatus 93–109 49–61 39–56 50–59 1 Moringua edwardsi 109–123 72–82 79–87 70–79 1 Muraenidae Anarchias similis 105–114 52–59 96–104 53–57 0 Gymnothorax funebris (adult) 137–142 – – – – Gymnothorax miliaris 120–125 69–74 68–73 64–69 0 Gymnothorax moringa 137–143 66–74 52–61 60–72 0 Gymnothorax ocellatus 136–150 85–101 22–32 77–87 0 Gymnothorax vicinus 131–142 60–68 53–63 60–67 0 Monopenchelys acuta 128–134 54–57 78–82 60–62 0 Uropterygius macularius 118–123 71–77 107–114 65–67 0 Synaphobranchidae Dysomma anguillare 118–128 57–62 45–48 60–64 6 Ilyophis brunneus (adult) 145–151 vert – – – – Leptocephalus dolichorhynchus 128–136 61–71 – – 1 Leptocephalus proboscoideus 128–134 72–79 69 59–62 0 Simenchelys parasiticus (adult) 115–117 vert – – – – Synaphobranchus affinis 128–139 vert – – – – Synaphobranchus bathybius (adult) 126–140 vert – – – – Synaphobranchus capensis (adult) 164–173 vert – – – – Synaphobranchus kaupi 143–154 98–107 (see species) 68–73 0 Synaphobranchus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    ANGUILLIFORMES (part 2) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 27.0 - 12 April 2021 Order ANGUILLIFORMES (part 2 of 3) Family OPHICHTHIDAE Snake Eels and Worm Eels 66 genera/subgenera · 355 species Subfamily Ophichthinae Snake Eels Allips McCosker 1972 allos, another; ips, worm, i.e., a worm-shaped eel in addition to Evips, described in the same paper Allips concolor McCosker 1972 colored uniformly, referring to uniform brown color in isopropanol Aplatophis Böhlke 1956 aplatos, terrible or unapproachable, referring to fearsome appearance of large mouth and “extremely highly developed” dentition; ophis, snake, conventional termination for generic names of snake eels, referring to snake-like shape Aplatophis chauliodus Böhlke 1956 chaulios, referring to deep-sea genus Chauliodus (Stomiidae); odon, tooth, referring to prominent, tusky teeth that both genera feature Aplatophis zorro McCosker & Robertson 2001 “for the remarkable coloration of the pore pattern along the face, reminiscent of the slash mark of the swordsman Zorro” Aprognathodon Böhlke 1967 a-, without; pro-, in front of; gnathos, jaw; odon, tooth, referring to lack of anterior teeth in upper jaw Aprognathodon platyventris Böhlke 1967 platys, flat; ventralis, of the belly, referring to flattened pre-anal region Apterichtus Duméril 1806 a-, without, pteron, fin, referring to absence of fins; ichtus, variant spelling of ichthys, fish Apterichtus anguiformis (Peters 1877) Anguis, slow worm genus; formis, shape, referring to elongate, worm-like
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Leptocephalus Larvae Around the Island of Barbados (West Indies): Relevance to Regional Distributions
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 282: 271–284, 2004 Published November 16 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diversity of leptocephalus larvae around the island of Barbados (West Indies): relevance to regional distributions D. E. Richardson*, R. K. Cowen Marine Biology and Fisheries Division, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149-1098, USA ABSTRACT: The cryptic nature of many elopomorph species and their occupation of minimally explored habitats have led to the underestimation of their importance as a component of regional bio- diversity. Additionally, it had led to their exclusion from studies that seek to resolve the processes and life history traits important in determining the geographic distributions of species. Collections of the larval stage of elopomorphs provide one means of addressing regional diversity in this taxa. Plankton tows around Barbados during 4 separate years collected 68 identifiable taxa of the leptocephalus lar- val form unique to elopomorphs. While most of these species have either been collected as adults in the Lesser Antilles or upcurrent in the Guyanas, there remained 11 species whose adults are not known from either biogeographic area, and 7 leptocephalus types of species not described as adults. To determine whether these leptocephali were likely to be the product of local spawning, or alterna- tively expatriates from the Guyanas, temporal patterns of length frequency distributions and abun- dance of each species were analyzed with respect to regional oceanographic conditions. High abun- dances and small leptocephali of species probably expatriated from the Guyanas were found to coincide with periods when North Brazil Current (NBC) rings were present around Barbados and locally produced coral reef fish larvae were flushed away from the sample area.
    [Show full text]
  • 61661147.Pdf
    Resource Inventory of Marine and Estuarine Fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A Checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean Species from Baja California to the Alaska–Yukon Border OCS Study MMS 2005-030 and USGS/NBII 2005-001 Project Cooperation This research addressed an information need identified Milton S. Love by the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center and the Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara to the Department University of California of the Interior’s Minerals Management Service, Pacific Santa Barbara, CA 93106 OCS Region, Camarillo, California. The resource inventory [email protected] information was further supported by the USGS’s National www.id.ucsb.edu/lovelab Biological Information Infrastructure as part of its ongoing aquatic GAP project in Puget Sound, Washington. Catherine W. Mecklenburg T. Anthony Mecklenburg Report Availability Pt. Stephens Research Available for viewing and in PDF at: P. O. Box 210307 http://wfrc.usgs.gov Auke Bay, AK 99821 http://far.nbii.gov [email protected] http://www.id.ucsb.edu/lovelab Lyman K. Thorsteinson Printed copies available from: Western Fisheries Research Center Milton Love U. S. Geological Survey Marine Science Institute 6505 NE 65th St. University of California, Santa Barbara Seattle, WA 98115 Santa Barbara, CA 93106 [email protected] (805) 893-2935 June 2005 Lyman Thorsteinson Western Fisheries Research Center Much of the research was performed under a coopera- U. S. Geological Survey tive agreement between the USGS’s Western Fisheries
    [Show full text]
  • A Pre-Leptocephalus Larva of Conger Myriaster (Family Congridae) Collected from Suruga Bay, Central Japan
    Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol. 35, No. 2 19 8 8 3 5 巻 2 号 1988 年 A Pre-Leptocephalus Larva of Conger myriaster (Family Congridae) Collected from Suruga Bay, Central Japan Noritaka Mochioka, Osame Tabeta and Tadashi Kubota (ReceivedOctober 9, 1987) Abstract One specimen of leptocephalus larva, measuring 16.0mm in total length, was collected from the northern part of Suruga Bay (34•‹56•LN, 138•‹39•LE) by the T/V Bosei Maru II of Tokai University on November 7, 1982. This larva is identified as Conger myriaster because of having melanophores under the eye, simple gut with melanophores, 142 total number of myomeres and the position of the last vertical blood vessel at the 52nd myomere. Judging from the body length, appearances of teeth and fins, and disposition of the anus, the present larva belongs to the pre- leptocephalus stage. The presence of this early larva in this area suggests that one of the spawn- ing grounds of C. myriaster exists in or near Suruga Bay in autumn. The leptocephalus larvae of Conger myriaster (Brevoort) appear commonly in the coastal waters Description of the southern Korean Peninsula and from western Kyushu to southern Hokkaido in Japan, Specimen examined. IORD (Institute of Oceanic during December to July (Fujita, 1932; Uchida, Research and Development, Tokai University) No. 1932; Kamohara, 1940; Takai, 1959; Kubota, 82206 (Fig. 1). One specimen, 16.0 mm TL, collected at St. 2 (34•‹56•LN, 138•‹39•LE), 1,200-1,500m in depth, 1961; Hiroshima Pref. Fish. Exp.
    [Show full text]
  • Anguilliformes, Saccopharyngiformes, and Notacanthiformes (Teleostei: Elopomorpha)
    * Catalog of Type Specimens of Recent Fishes in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 6: Anguilliformes, Saccopharyngiformes, and Notacanthiformes (Teleostei: Elopomorpha) DAVID G. SMITH I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 566 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs'submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]