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Detarium Microcarpum LC Taxonomic Authority: Guill Detarium microcarpum LC Taxonomic Authority: Guill. & Perr. Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms Common names Detarium senegalens sensu auct. PETIT DETAR French SWEET DATTOCK English TALLOW TREE English Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: Detarium microcarpum is sometimes confused with D. senegalense, a species with a similar distribution; however, D. senegalense has smaller and thinner leaflets, a lax inflorescence and larger fruit. Moreover, they are ecologically differentiated, as D. microcarpum occurs tipically in dry savanna, whereas D. senegalense is more riparian and also occurs in dry forest. General Information Distribution D. microcarpum occurs in west tropical Africa, from Senegal to south Sudan (Benin, Cameroon, Central African Rep., Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan and Togo). Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population D. microcarpum is widespread and common in west Africa. Schmelzer and Gurib-Fakim (2008) stated that the density of the species in natural stands can be up to 270 tree/ha. Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology D. microcarpum is a shrub or small tree up to 10 m high which grows in dry savanna woodland. It is mainly found on shallow, stony and lateritic soils and on hills (Schmelzer and Gurib-Fakim 2008). Flowering takes place during the rainy season and fruits mature from December to April. System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Tree - size unknow Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Threats D. microcarpum is one of the species which is used in many different ways through all west tropical Africa; it is utilized for the timber, as fuelwood, food source (seeds, leaves and roots) and to treat numerous ailments (diarrhoeas, dysenteries, heamorrhoids, leprosy, syphilis etc.), but the species doesn't appear to be affected from the harvesting level at present. Past Present Future 13 None Conservation Measures There are no known conservation measures specifically for D. microcarpum, however the species is known to occur in many protected areas. Seed of D. microcarpum are held in the Millennium Seed Bank, at the Institut d'Economie Rurale (IER) in Mali and at the Centre National des Semences Forestieres (CNSF) in Burfina Faso as an ex situ conservation measure. In Place Needed 3 Research actions 3.2 Population numbers and range 3.5 Threats 3.6 Uses and harvest levels 3.8 Conservation measures 3.9 Trends/Monitoring 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.4 Protected areas 4.4.3 Management 5 Species-based actions 5.3 Sustainable use Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Benin Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Côte d'Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Mali Niger Nigeria Senegal Sudan Togo General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 2 Savanna 1Suitable Unset 2.1 Savanna - Dry 1Suitable Unset Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 2. Food - animal 3. Medicine - human and veterinary 7. Fuel 9. Construction/structural materials D. microcarpum is one of the local fruit-bearing species most exploited in Burkina Faso. The bark, leaves and roots are widely used because of their diuretic and astringent properties. They are also used against malaria, leprosy and impotence. Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC) Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment D. microcarpum is a perennial shrub or tree which is widespread and common across tropical west Africa, occurring from Senegal to Sudan. The species has different kinds of uses by local people, representing an important tree species in west tropical Africa, which at present doesn't appear to be threatened by the harvesting level and of which many populations are known to occur within the protected areas network. On the basis of the present knowledge the population is believed to be stable, therefore D. microcarpum is rated as Least Concern. It is suggested, though, that in situ conservation measures should be taken, mainly focused to ensure a sustainable harvesting level for the species to avoid population decline in the future. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonomy Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria Revisio and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 14/07/2009 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Contu, S. Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals: Bibliography Ake Assi, L., 2002, Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire : catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. II, Boissiera, , Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Geneve, Geneve Akoegninou, A., van der Burg, J.W. and var der Maesen, L.J.G., 2006, Flore analytique du Benin, Wageningen University papers, 1034, Backhuys, Leiden Boudet, G. and Lebrun, J.P., 1986, Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires de Mali, Etudes et syntheses de l' I.E.M.V.T., , Institut d'elevage et de médicine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, Maisons Alfort Burkill, H.M., 1995, The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Volume 3, Families J–L, 857, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom Schmelzer, G.H. and Gurib-Fakim, A., 2008, Medicinal plants, Plant resources of tropical Africa, 775, PROTA, Vautier, H.J., Sanon, M.D. and Sacandé, M., 2007, Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Seed leaflet no.122, Seed Leaflet, 2, Forest & Landscape Denmark, Hørsholm.
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