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Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang

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Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Chandra Agung Septiadi Putra Solichin Manuri Heriyanto Charles Sibagariang MERANG REDD PILOT PROJECT – GERMAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Chandra Agung Septiadi Putra Solichin Manuri Heriyanto Charles Sibagariang Palembang, Oktober 2011 Merang REDD Pilot Project – German International Cooperation Sitasi Putra, C. A. S., S. Manuri, Heriyanto dan C. Sibagariang. 2011. Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang. Merang REDD Pilot Project, German International Cooperation – GIZ. Palembang. Perpustakaan Nasional : Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Putra, C. A. S., S. Manuri., Heriyanto dan C. Sibagariang. Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa GAmbut Merang Palembang, MRPP-GIZ. 2011 x + 114 hlm; 18,2 cm x 25,7 cm ISBN : 978-602-99492-3-0 Copy Right ©MRPP-GIZ, 2011 Mengutip buku ini diperbolehkan dengan menyebutkan sumber dan penerbitnya. Kontak Detail Chandra Agung Septiadi Putra ([email protected]) Solichin Manuri ([email protected] atau [email protected] ) Heriyanto (087797386116) Charles Sibagariang (08197832201) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationalle Zusamenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH - German International Cooperation Merang REDD Pilot Project (MRPP) Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.2837 KM 3.5. P.O. BOX 1229 – Palembang 30129 South Sumatera, Indonesia T: ++ 62 – 711 – 353 185 F: ++ 62 – 711 – 353 176 E: [email protected] I: www.Merang-redd.org i | Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Kata Sambutan Indonesia memiliki beranekaragam jenis tumbuhan dari berbagai tipe ekosistem. Setiap ekosistem memiliki ciri khas yang biasanya berbeda dengan ekosistem lainnya. Salah satu contohnya ekosistem hutan rawa gambut yang memiliki ciri permukaan hutannya terdiri dari bahan organik yang terendam air sehingga tidak terjadi pelapukan. Hal ini menyebabkan kondisi tanahnya mengandung unsur hara yang rendah dengan kandungan asam humik yang relatif tinggi (pH 3 - 4,5) dan kandungan oksigen terlarut yang rendah, akibat tanahnya yang tergenang air. Kondisi seperti ini membuat tidak semua jenis tumbuhan dapat bertahan hidup pada hutan rawa gambut. Karena keberagaman dan kekhasan jenis tumbuhan yang ada, maka sangat penting adanya sebuah database yang bisa menjadi pedoman, baik dalam kegiatan survey maupun dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan. Dengan database ini keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan yang ada di Hutan Rawa Gambut Merang (HRGM) dapat dilihat, sehingga akan memudahkan dalam pengenalan jenis dan pencarian nama ilmiahnya. Kami berharap buku ini dapat bermanfaat menjadi salah satu referensi penting bagi pihak-pihak yang ingin mengetahui dan mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan, melakukan survey vegetasi dan kegiatan rehabilitasi/restorasi di HRGM dan kegiatan lainnya yang menunjang kegiatan pengelolaan HRGM tersebut. Bogor, 26 September 2011 Prof. Dr. Ir. Cecep Kusmana, MS. Kepala Bagian Ekologi Hutan Departemen Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor ii | Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Kata Pengantar Merang REDD Pilot Project (MRPP) merupakan proyek kerjasama dua negara antara pemerintah Republik Indonesia dengan Republik Federal Jerman dalam rangka penelitian dan pengembangan program REDD (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degragation) di kawasan Hutan Rawa Gambut Merang (HRGM). Pada HRGM, telah dikakukan survey yang bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi cadangan carbon yang ada, pada saat inventarisasi carbon dilaksanakan, jenis pohon yang terdapat pada kawasan HRGM juga terinventarisasi. Dari hasil inventarisasi, dilakukan pengecekan nama ilmiah dengan cara membuat herbarium dan juga dilakukan pencocokan antara ciri-ciri yang ditemui di lapangan dengan ciri-ciri yang tertulis pada beberapa literatur seperti Prosea dan Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia. Kami menyadari keanekaragan jenis yang ada di HRGM tidak hanya terbatas pada apa yang ada dalam buku ini, tetapi kami berharap buku ini dapat menjadi acuan dan memberi kemudahan dalam kegiatan selanjutnya yang akan dilaksanakan pada kawasan HRGM yang bertujuan untuk melestarikan keanekaragan hayati yang ada pada HRGM. iii | Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Ucapan Terima Kasih Kami mengucapkan terima kasih sebesar-besarnya kepada Karl-Heinz Steinmann (Team Leader MRPP-GIZ), serta seluruh Technical Assistant (TA) dan supporting staff yang telah mendukung dan membantu segala kegiatan lapangan dan administrasinya. Terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya juga kami sampaikan kepada Profesor Cecep Kusmana (FAHUTAN IPB) yang telah berkenan memberikan kata sambutan dalam buku ini. Kami juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada pihak Herbarium Bogoriense yang telah membantu dalam proses identifikasi jenis pohon. Juga terima kasih kepada Pak Fitriandi dan Pak Tatang Rosida dari PT Rimba Hutani Mas di Camp Teluk Pulai yang telah memberikan dukungan selama di lapangan. Kami sangat menghargai bantuan dari para anggota Kelompok Masyarakat Peduli Hutan (KMPH) Tembesu dan Petaling yang telah bekerja keras dalam kegiatan identifikasi pohon dan pengambilan sampel di lapangan untuk herbarium. Secara khusus penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada Dedi Pong dan Dedi Jamrong dari KMPH Tembesu dan Pak Robert, Amir dan Agus dari KMPH Petaling. Serta seluruh pihak yang yang telah membantu yang tidak dapat kami sebutkan satu persatu kami ucapkan terima kasih. Palembang, Oktober 2011 Penyusun iv | Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Daftar Isi Kata Sambutan .................................................................................................... ii Kata Pengantar ..................................................................................................... iii Ucapan Terima Kasih ............................................................................................ iv Daftar Isi .................................................................................................................v Daftar Gambar ..................................................................................................... xii Pendahuluan ......................................................................................................... 1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1 Tujuan Pembuatan Buku .................................................................................. 2 Manfaat Buku ....................................................................................................... 3 Hutan Rawa Gambut Merang ............................................................................... 4 Sejarah dan Status ............................................................................................ 5 Biofisik Kawasan ............................................................................................... 6 Iklim .............................................................................................................. 6 Topografi ....................................................................................................... 7 Hidrografi ...................................................................................................... 7 Kubah Gambut .............................................................................................. 8 Kondisi Hutan .................................................................................................... 9 Morfologi Pohon ................................................................................................. 10 Bentuk Daun ................................................................................................... 10 Permukaan Kulit Batang ................................................................................. 12 Tipe Banir ........................................................................................................ 14 Bentuk Batang................................................................................................. 15 Deskripsi Jenis Pohon ......................................................................................... 16 Suku Anacardiaceae ........................................................................................ 16 Macang Beruk ............................................................................................. 16 Pabung ........................................................................................................ 17 v | Pohon-Pohon Hutan Alam Rawa Gambut Merang Rengas Burung ............................................................................................ 18 Rengas Lempuing ........................................................................................ 19 Trentang...................................................................................................... 20 Suku Annonaceae ........................................................................................... 21 Antui ........................................................................................................... 21 Jangkang ..................................................................................................... 22 Makai Hitam ............................................................................................... 23 Makai Putih ................................................................................................. 24 Tepis ............................................................................................................ 25 Jelutung Rawa ............................................................................................
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