GERMANS FROM RUSSIA and the GREAT WESTERN SUGAR COMPANY
A Survey of Historical Properties (CLG Subgrant CO-19-10006)
Prepared by: Prepared for:
Carl McWilliams City of Loveland Cultural Resource Historians Development Services Department 1607 Dogwood Court 410 E. 5th Street Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 Loveland, CO 80537
May 2020 Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction ...... 1
2.0 The Project Area ...... 3
Project Area Map ...... 5
3.0 Historic Overview ...... 6
Bibliography ...... 23
4.0 Research Design ...... 25
5.0 Methodology ...... 26
6.0 Results ...... 30
Comprehensive Survey Log ...... 32
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This Survey of Historical Properties was ACKNOWLEDGMENTS undertaken by the City of Loveland as part The activity that is the subject of this material has been of a continuing effort to inventory the city’s financed in part with Federal funds from the National historic resources at the intensive level. Building on previous survey efforts and the Historic Preservation Act, administered by the National establishment of the Downtown Loveland Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, and Historic District, a specific focus of the project by History Colorado / State Historical Fund. However, the was to inventory properties associated with contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views the Great Western Sugar Company and/or or policies of the U. S. Department of the Interior or of Germans from Russia. Toward this end, the History Colorado, nor does the mention of trade names or properties selected for survey were all east or commercial products constitute an endorsement or northeast of downtown, and were identified, recommendation by the Department of the Interior or through previous research, or oral History Colorado. information, as potentially associated with This program receives Federal funds from the National Park Germans from Russia and/or the Great Western Sugar Company. A key project goal, Service; regulations of the United States Department of the therefore, is for Loveland citizens to have a Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in better understanding and appreciation for departmental Federally-assisted programs on the basis of properties associated with these two race, color, national origin, age, or handicap. Any person interrelated themes that were foundational who believes he or she has been discriminated against in to Loveland’s history and the history of any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of northeastern Colorado. Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U. S. Department of the Interior, The project’s broader goals are to develop National Park Service, 1849 C St. N. W., Washington, D.C. greater public awareness regarding the socioeconomic benefits of historic preservation, to encourage owners of eligible properties to pursue designation, and to enhance the overall effectiveness, efficiency, and success of Loveland’s historic preservation program.
Toward this end, this report presents the results of intensive-level surveys of twenty-six historic properties located in Loveland’s T historic east side neighborhoods. The properties are primarily residential, but also 1
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
include one church, a school, and the Great Cultural Resource Historians LLC, of Fort Western Sugar Factory property. Collins, Colorado, under contract to the City of Loveland. Carl McWilliams, owner of Primary buildings surveyed at the twenty-six Cultural Resource Historians conducted the properties include twenty single-family field survey, photography, archival research, dwellings, three multi-family dwellings, a and completed the inventory forms and this former school, a church, and the sugar report. Nikki Garshelis, Historic Preservation factory complex. Secondary buildings Program Manager for the City of Loveland, surveyed include seventeen detached prepared the CLG grant application and garages and five sheds. managed the project on behalf of the City.
The properties were intensively field surveyed The following sections describe the project in October and November 2020. Each of the area, provide a historical overview, and properties was recorded on a “Colorado present the project’s research design, Cultural Resource Survey Architectural methodology, and results. The report Inventory Form (OAHP #1403), issued by concludes with a comprehensive survey log History Colorado, Office of Archaeology and that presents the survey’s findings for each Historic Preservation (HC/OAHP). The project property in detail. A Colorado Cultural was funded in part by Certified Local Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Government (CLG) grant (CO-19-10006) Form for each property accompanies this received by the City of Loveland from History report. Colorado. The project was conducted by
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2.0 THE PROJECT AREA
With a population of 77,446, the City of the railroad tracks, was appropriately Loveland is located along Colorado's renamed Railroad Avenue. northern Front Range, in the Big Thompson River Valley of northeastern Colorado. The The surveyed properties are located east of Big Thompson Canyon and the mountain Lincoln and Cleveland Avenues (U. S. community of Estes Park are located to the Highway 287), and were selected because west, while the majestic Longs Peak and preliminary research or oral information Mount Meeker dominate the view shed to indicated they were potentially associated the southwest, and the rolling prairies of the with Germans from Russia and/or the Great Great Plains extend to the east. Situated in Western Sugar Company. Categorized by southern Larimer County, Loveland is their original uses, the properties include approximately ten miles south of Fort Collins, twenty-six single-family residence, three the county seat, and home to Colorado multi-family residence, St. Paul’s Evangelical State University. Denver, Colorado's state Lutheran Church, Washington School, and capital and largest city, is some fifty miles to the Great Western Sugar Factory property. the south. Geographically, Loveland's city The surveyed properties are all located east limits comprise just under twenty-six square of Lincoln and Cleveland Avenues on the miles of land, with the city's historic core following streets and avenues: 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, located in sections 13 and 14 of Township 5 7th, 8th, 11th and 12th Streets, and Jefferson, North, Range 69 West of the 6th Principal Madison, Monroe, and Washington Avenues. Meridian. Also included in the project’s results are two Loveland's older platted streets and avenues previously surveyed properties that are exhibit a grid pattern oriented to the cardinal directly connected to the Great Western directions, divided into east and west Sugar Company – the Great Western Railway sections by the Burlington Northern and Depot, on Monroe Avenue at the west end Santa Fe Railroad tracks which parallel of the Sugar Factory property, and the Railroad Avenue through the historic nearby Great Western Hotel / Dormitory at downtown area. As originally platted, 930 N. Monroe Avenue. Both of these Loveland's east-west running streets were properties were surveyed in 2010 and have assigned numbers, beginning with 1st Street had no exterior alterations or change in use on the south, and extending to 14th Street on from that time to the present. the north, which later became Eisenhower Boulevard (U.S. Highway 34). The earliest Excluding the Great Western Sugar Factory north-south running streets were originally property, the entire survey area comprises assigned letters; by 1906, however, the letter approximately 140 acres lying entirely within street designations were replaced with Section 13, Township 5 North, Range 69 West avenues named for U. S. presidents and other of the 6th Principal Meridian. However, well-known historical figures. A Street because this was a selective intensive-level became Lincoln Avenue, B Street became survey, involving the survey of just twenty-five Cleveland Avenue, and C Street, paralleling properties, in addition to the sugar factory
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
property, the actual total area surveyed is Civic Center 2nd – ca. 1985 approximately thirty acres. The sugar factory Everett’s – 1880 property once comprised nearly 160 acres Factory Place – 1918 lying in the northeast quarter of Section 13, Factory Place 2nd – 2002 Township 5 North, Range 69 West of the 6th Finley’s 1881 Principal Meridian. Much of the sugar factory Finley’s 2nd – 1882 property has been subdivided, however, so Fox – 1901 that it now comprises just twenty-four acres. Gifford-Goss – 1906 Apart from the sugar factory property, all of Highland Park – ca. 1904 the surveyed properties are also within the Lincoln Place – 1904 following platted Additions and Subdivisions Orchard Park – 1904 to Loveland’s original townsite: Younie’s - 1901
4 Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Figure 1, Project Area Map 5
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
3.0 HISTORIC OVERVIEW subjugated by Euro-Americans, arriving principally from the east. The modern city of Loveland is the product of over 140 years of increasingly intensive Early 19th-century exploratory expeditions, settlement, agricultural enterprise, and including those led by Meriwether Lewis and urbanization. Its early history through the William Clark (1804-1806), Zebulon Pike (1806- 1960s reflects a pattern of development 1807), and Stephen H. Long (1819-1820), characteristic of a community founded fostered wide-spread interest, in the west adjacent to a railroad and sustained generally, and for Pike and Long, more historically by an agricultural economy. specifically in lands that became Colorado. Loveland's history also reveals the city's These and other explorations foreshadowed unique role in the evolution of Larimer County forays of Anglo settlers into the region, first fur and northeastern Colorado. trappers and traders, and later gold seekers
and homesteaders. As the numbers of Euro- European American Exploration and Americans increased, the Arapaho and Settlement of the Big Thompson Valley. Circa Cheyenne populations markedly diminished, 1840s – 1870s due to disease, battles with U. S. Army troops,
and the forced loss of lands and game.1 The Big Thompson Valley is located within lands that by the early 19th century were The area of the South Platte River and its home to indigenous Arapaho and tributaries, including the Big Thompson, was Cheyenne people. Having been forced repeatedly traversed by Euro-Americans in gradually westward from their ancestral the 1840s and 1850s. In 1849-1850, parties of homes, the Arapaho and Cheyenne gold-seeking Cherokee Indians and Euro- adopted a nomadic lifestyle in the Great Americans established a route known as the Plains region. Circa 1811, the two tribes Cherokee Trail.2 formed an alliance to guard and strengthen their territorial positions; in the coming Nearly a decade later, in February 1858, decades, however, they became three brothers from Georgia, William, Oliver,
and Levi Russell, headed west to explore
1 Marjorie K, McIntosh. Latinos of Boulder County, portions of the Cherokee Trail (North Branch) in Colorado, 1900-1980, Volume I, History and northeastern Colorado overlapped with and became Contributions. Written for the Boulder County Latino interchangeably known as the Overland Trail. History Project, 2016, pp. 20-21. Established in 1862, the Overland Trail was a southern http://bocolatinohistory.colorado.edu/sites/default/files branch of the Oregon Trail which followed the South /McIntosh-Latinos-Volume1.pdf Platte River from near present-day Julesburg, upstream to Latham (at or near present-day Greeley), and from 2 Dating to circa 1849, the Cherokee Trail branched there south to Denver, or north generally following the west and north from Bent's Old Fort on the Arkansas same route as the existing Cherokee Trail. Prior to the River in present-day Otero County, Colorado. Leaving arrival of the railroad, the Cherokee and Overland trails the Santa Fe Trail at Bent’s Old Fort, the Cherokee Trail were heavily used by emigrant wagon trains as well as extended west to Pueblo and then north along the by stagecoaches carrying passengers and the U.S. mail Front Range. In what would become northern - first by Ben Holladay's Overland stage Line, followed Colorado and southern Wyoming, the Cherokee Trail by Wells, Fargo & Company. See: Jason Marmor, “An generally followed the same route as present-day U. S. Historical and Archaeological Survey of the Overland/ Highway 287, before eventually joining the Oregon Trail Cherokee Trails,” 1995, prepared for the City of Fort at Fort Bridger in present-day Wyoming. In the 1860s, Collins. 6
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
mining prospects in the Rocky Mountains. Loveland area were the family of Mariano Initially joined by six others, the Russell Medina, who in 1858 established a brothers journeyed by way of Bent’s Old Fort homestead, store, and bridge on the banks and then northwest along the Cherokee Trail, of the Big Thompson River near the future site where in late May they reached the of Loveland. A small settlement grew around confluence of Cherry Creek and the South "Mariano's Crossing," also called "Namaqua" Platte River – the future site of Denver. William or "Miraville."5 Green Russell, the party’s leader, was a veteran of the 1849 California gold rush, and During the early 1860s Mariano Medina's having passed through the Rockies Namaqua Station served briefly as a stage previously, he was determined to explore the stop on the Overland Trail, succeeded in mineral potential of mountain streams 1864 by a stage station and bridge flowing into the South Platte. After several established by John Washburn on his weeks of unproductive prospecting, in early homestead approximately two miles July the Russell party found gold near the downstream on the Big Thompson River (near mouth of Dry Creek (in present-day the present- day intersection of the river and Englewood). They panned out several U.S. Highway 287). hundred dollars’ worth of gold flakes before the small supply played out. In terms of Like Namaqua, Washburn's Station served as quantity it was not a significant find, but from a nucleus of settlement, as a small this humble beginning, the great Pikes Peak community grew up nearby. In 1867 John Gold Rush began.3 From the future site of Douty constructed a flour mill near the stage Denver, prospectors moved west, exploring station, and the town came to be known such streams as Clear Creek, Ralston Creek, variously as Old Saint Louis or Big Thompson. Coal Creek, Boulder Creek, and the South In 1874 a plat was filed for a community Platte itself. Placer mining reached a fevered called Winona (after John Washburn's pitch at Gregory Gulch, near Black Hawk daughter) at this location.6 and Central City, in the summer of 1859, and from there, miners spread in all directions.4 The Cherokee and Overland Trails, and Washburn’s and Namaqua Station Among all the “59ers” who came west in diminished in importance in 1869 when the pursuit of gold, only a small number actually Transcontinental Railroad was completed struck it rich. Some eventually returned east, along a route passing north of Colorado while many others soon turned to other through southern Wyoming. Almost economic pursuits, most notably agriculture. overnight, the rail connection obviated the The first Euro-American settlers to arrive in the
3 Carl Ubbelohde, Maxine Benson, and Duane http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/blm/c Smith, eds. A Colorado History, (Boulder: Pruett o/10/chap6.htm. Publishing Company, 1972), p. 60. 5 Jason Marmor and Carl McWilliams. "Loveland 4 Frontier in Transition: A History of Southwestern Historic Preservation Survey." Report prepared for the Colorado, (BLM Cultural Resources Series (Colorado: City of Loveland, December 1999. No. 10), Chapter VI: “Early Mining and Transportation in Southwestern Colorado 1860-1861,” p. 1. 6 Ibid. 7
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
need for long distance overland stagecoach and wagon travel. In 1859, David Barnes decided to head west in the Pikes Peak gold rush. Leaving his family The Founding and Early Settlement of behind in Illinois, Barnes reached Russell Loveland, 1870s – 1890s Gulch (in what would become Gilpin County) where he built one of the region’s Completion of the transcontinental railroad first sawmills. Barnes spent the winter of 1859- ushered in a new period of settlement and 60 at Russell Gulch, before returning to Illinois agricultural development on the plains of for his family the following spring. The Barnes Colorado and provided the impetus for the family traveled west to Omaha by rail, and founding of numerous communities, then overland, following the Platte River, in a including Loveland. In 1877 the Colorado caravan of five covered wagons. They Central Railroad (CCRR) constructed a rail reached Denver in two weeks’ time, where line extending from Golden to the Union they camped for a period at the “Elephant Pacific mainline at Cheyenne. The CCRR Corral,” before settling in Russell Gulch. David route bypassed both Namaqua and Old St. Barnes operated a sawmill there until 1864 Louis; however, a station was required in the when he and his family settled on land in the general vicinity.7 Bear Creek Valley, east of present-day Morrison. The Barnes family then moved to In September 1877, David Barnes laid out a Golden the following year, where they built a townsite on his land lying north of the Big twelve-room brick house, and established a Thompson River and named it Loveland in flour mill.8 honor of CCRR's president, William A. H. Loveland. In addition to platting the town, The Barnes family moved north to the Big the farsighted Barnes planted cottonwood Thompson Valley in 1871, settling on 320 trees along every street. Remembered fondly acres of land which would become the heart as the “Father of Loveland,” Barnes and his of the City of Loveland. (The Barnes’ acreage wife, Sarah (nee Coleman) were born in is today bordered by 1st Street on the south, Pennsylvania, David in 1821, and Sarah in 14th Street on the north, Monroe Avenue on 1827. They married in 1845, and moved west the east, and Garfield Avenue on the west.) to Rock Island, Illinois. Barnes operated a flour Seemingly ever on the move, in the early mill for a time and then entered into the 1880s, Barnes established the S. B. Ranch lumber business, enjoying some degree of along the Cache La Poudre River, a few miles success. Six children were born to into the below Rustic. He subsequently divided his Barnes family in Illinois, between 1846 and time between the ranch and his Loveland 1857: Caroline (born 1846), Samuel (born home. Barnes died, unexpectedly, at his 1848), Elizabeth (born 1851), Sarah (born ranch in 1886, in a freak accident when he 1855), and twins David, Jr., and Lena (born fell head first and broke his neck while 1857). Another daughter, Alice, was born in Colorado Territory in 1864.
7 Ibid. 8 Ibid.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
loading hay onto a wagon.9 Sarah Barnes platted or incorporated, they built the area’s died in August 1902 and was interred next to first houses, established farms and business her husband in Loveland’s Lakeside enterprises, built irrigation works and other Cemetery. infrastructure, and formed early cultural and religious institutions. As platted by David Barnes, Loveland's street and block grid was typical for a railroad town David Hershman was born in Wayne County, in the heart of a thriving agricultural region. Ohio, on September 24, 1839. Among the Shortly after the town was laid out, its region’s earliest settlers, David and his brother development was influenced by John Hershman arrived in the Big Thompson construction of the CCRR depot adjacent to Valley in 1865. Hershman organized a the tracks on "C" Street (later renamed fledgling United Brethren of Christ Railroad Avenue), and by the erection of a congregation in 1872, and is credited with substantial two-story brick commercial conducting the area’s first sermon at the building in the first block of 4th Street. Owned home of Mr. and Mrs. William B. Washburn by Lewis Herzinger and Samuel B. Harter, the southeast of present-day Loveland. By 1878, commercial building housed a mercantile membership in Hershman’s nascent church business and served to establish East 4th had grown sufficiently for the congregation Street as Loveland’s "Main Street." to construct its first church, located at the corner of Third and A Streets (Lincoln The 1880 U. S. federal census counted 256 Avenue). residents in Loveland, and the community was incorporated the following year. The When the Hershman brothers came to the town continued to grow at a steady rate Big Thompson Valley, they brought with them during the 19th century’s last two decades. a harvester and mowing machine. This Numerous improvements were added, virtually guaranteed the brothers a solid including a newspaper, a bank, a large hotel source of revenue cutting hay and near the railroad, a grain elevator, flour mills, harvesting wheat for fellow settlers. The first public schools, a municipal waterworks, and season’s harvesting provided Hershman with a growing number of homes and business.10 sufficient income to acquire land and improvements which Harrison B. Chubbuck In addition to David and Sarah Barnes, other had settled in 1862, south of present-day notable Loveland settlers included the Cox, Loveland. Foote, Hahn, Hershman, and Johnson families. Far from a collection of isolated David Hershman persevered and prospered. pioneers, these families forged relationships, In 1869, he returned east to marry Lydia worked together, and laid the groundwork Kreutz. The couple had five children, Ella, for the development of Loveland into a full- Alta, David Franklin, Mary Emma, and Hattie. fledged city. Even before Loveland was Lydia Hershman died in 1877. In 1879, David
9 Carl McWilliams. “Barnes House,” 109 Ernest Place (5LR.12248), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey 10 Marmor and McWilliams, “Loveland Historic Architectural Inventory Form, January 2010. Preservation Survey.” 9
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Hershman married Mary Katherine Gruner. After failing to strike it rich, John settled in the She also bore him five children: Ada, Clara, Big Thompson Valley, where in the early 1860s Mary Elizabeth, Alice and Grace. In 1882, he filed one of the region’s first homestead Hershman constructed a 1½-story brick patents, a 160-acre quarter section located house on his land, now addressed as 1015 some three miles southeast of present-day South Lincoln Avenue. The family resided Loveland. John entered into the cattle there for nearly two decades. Hershman business, and was instrumental in establishing added some 600 acres to his landholdings the Thompson Valley’s first irrigation works. He through the years. In 1904, Hershman entered continued to expand his land holdings the grocery business with a son-in-law, through the next two decades, as he raised George Harrison. Located at 102 East 3rd stock and grew hay which was sold at Street, the Hershman & Harrison Grocery Central City and other bustling mining building still stands. In 1902, the Hershman camps. In 1876, John was united in marriage family moved into town, building a new to Miss Ellen A. Kempster at Hillsdale, Illinois. residence 118 E. 3rd Street.11 Ellen had been born September 23, 1854, in Portland Township, Whiteside County, Illinois. John A. Hahn was born in Germany on October 6, 1840, the son of Nicholas and Mr. and Mrs. Hahn lived on their homestead Caroline Hahn. The family immigrated to until circa 1897 when they erected a house America when John was a young boy, at the southwest corner of East Third Street having settled at Rock Island, Illinois by the and North Jefferson avenue. Three children mid-1840s. Nicholas Hahn passed away soon were born to the Hahns: a daughter, named after the family’s arrival, and sometime Mabel J., born in January 1877, a son, Edison afterward Caroline married her second Kempster born circa 1885, and a daughter, husband, a farmer named Jacob Schuck. Edith J. “Jessie,” born in May 1886. John John Hahn grew up in Henry County, Illinois became one of the founders of the Bank of until at age nineteen he determined to head Loveland (later known as the Loveland west to the Colorado frontier. In March 1860, National Bank), serving variously as the John joined a party of some fifty other brave institution’s director and vice president.12 adventurers who crossed the Mississippi River at Davenport, Iowa, and traveled overland Thomas H. Johnson, another of the region’s through Iowa and Nebraska before following earliest settlers, became an influential citizen, the South Platte River to Denver. He then both locally and statewide. Born in Dixon, headed west into the mountains, to Illinois on May 23, 1839, Johnson grew up in California Gulch near Leadville, where he the Prairie State where his father was a prospected for gold during the spring and farmer, and reportedly a personal confidant summer of 1860. of Abraham Lincoln. In 1860, at the age of 21, Johnson came west to the settlement of
11 Carl McWilliams. “Hershman House,” 1015 S. 12 Carl McWilliams. “Hahn House,” 342 E. 3rd Street Lincoln Avenue (5LR.823), Colorado Cultural Resource (5LR.5828), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Survey Architectural Inventory Form, January 2010. Architectural Inventory Form, January 2010.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Golden in what would soon become born February 1877, Flora, born 1879, and Colorado Territory. He joined his aunt and Edna, born 1880. Myrna Johnson was a uncle, Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Johnson, who had member of Loveland High School’s first come west in the Pikes Peak gold rush the graduating class of five students in 1894. previous year. Golden at that time was the gateway to Black Hawk and Central City, Thomas H. Johnson was intimately involved in and the diggings at Gregory Gulch. Realizing civic and political affairs at the statewide that gold seekers would need lodging before level. He is credited with establishing the heading further west, the aunt and uncle Republican Party in Larimer County, and in established a hotel at Golden which they 1880 he was elected as a state operated for many years. Young Thomas, representative to Colorado’s Third General meanwhile, joined with others making the Assembly. Later, between 1894 and 1898, he trek up Clear Creek Canyon in the pursuit of was appointed Deputy Warden of the State gold. Sooner than most who failed to strike it Penitentiary in Canon City, and during the rich, Thomas quickly turned to other more early 1900s, he served as the State Game reliable means of support. In the summer of and Fish Commissioner, appointed by 1860, he came north to the Big Thompson Governor Charles Thomas. An effective and Valley, joining a handful of other early settlers capable leader, Johnson was fondly known who had arrived that same year. In the fertile as the “Cowboy Statesman,” or the river valley, Johnson cut hay which he hauled “Cowboy Legislator.” Mrs. Johnson was to the mining camps, and he later became equally civic-minded. She was elected to the one of the region’s most successful Loveland Board of Education in the early stockmen. 1890s, and later served as the Board’s president. Johnson returned to Illinois in the summer of 1868, where he married Miss Eliza M. Rogers. In 1886, Mr. and Mrs. Johnson arranged for Also a northern Illinois native, Eliza was born the construction of an Italianate style house, there in June of 1848. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson then located on the northwestern outskirts of returned to the Big Thompson Valley that Loveland. Thirty acres of land, which summer where they established a extended to Lake Loveland to the north, homestead, and where together they surrounded the residence. The house was continued to grow hay and raise cattle. In later given the address 1127 N. Garfield the late 1860s, Johnson also earned a Avenue.13 contract from the Union Pacific to grade and survey a route for the transcontinental Two prominent settlers, George Foote and railroad between Cheyenne, Wyoming and Robert Cox were instrumental in bringing the Ogden, Utah. Four children were born into Great Western Sugar factory to Loveland just the Johnson family over the course of the after the turn of the 20th century. Delaware ensuing decade: Burton, born 1870, Myrna, natives George W. and Sarah A. Foote, with
13 Carl McWilliams. “Johnson House,” 1127 N. 2010. Garfield Avenue (5LR.4996), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Form, January 11
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
a young daughter named Annie, moved family had moved to a fine new residence, west to Greeley’s Union Colony in 1874. A closer to the center of town, at 343 W. 7th son, James Lindsey, was born two year later. Street, where George, in his later years, George Foote supported his young family by focused primarily on his banking delivering mail and by operating a stage line enterprises.14 between Greeley and the settlement of St. Louis (now part of Loveland). He later also ran Robert S. Cox was born in New Jersey on a stage line between Loveland and Estes September 3, 1837, He moved to Indiana as Park. The Foote family moved to Loveland in a small boy, where he came of age and was 1881, acquiring land and establishing a farm married to Martha Jane Ogden in 1861. Born where the sugar factory would later be built in June of 1848, Martha was an Indiana in 1901. Foote entered into a partnership with native. Mr. Cox served in the 47th Indiana Virgil W. Stoddard forming the Foote- Infantry Regiment during the Civil War. On Stoddard Livery. Located at the southeast one occasion during the war he took a bullet corner of 4th and B Streets Foote and to the leg which he carried with him the rest Stoddard was Loveland’s best-known livery, of his life. Six children were born into the Cox remaining in operation until 1903. In the late family, between 1862 and 1887, four of whom 1880s, the Foote family erected a farmhouse survived to adulthood: Lulu (born 1867), Nellie and two barns on their land much of which (born 1869), Homer (born 1872), and Bert was planted with orchards and small fruits. (born 1876). Foote also bred Galloway cattle, and in time diversified his financial interests by becoming The Robert Cox family moved to Loveland president of the Larimer County Bank and circa 1883, building a house northwest of Trust. Their farmhouse was later addressed as town later addressed as 923 N. Garfield 840 S. Monroe Avenue. Avenue. Thomas and Eliza Johnson were their closest neighbors to the north. Mr. and Mrs. Sarah Foote passed away in 1892, and two Cox farmed the land surrounding their home. years later, Foote married his second wife They were members of the Methodist Miss Della E. Weaver. Born in Kansas, Della Church, and were intimately involved in was the daughter of Conrad and Sarah agricultural and civic affairs. They played an (Hershman) Weaver. George and Della integral role in the construction of the Home Foote had three children, a son, Lester, born Supply Ditch, with Mr. Cox serving on the in 1896, a daughter, Edna, born in 1900, and ditch company’s board of directors for many another son, Albert, born in 1902. Young years. Along with George Foote and others, Albert passed away in May of 1908 at just six Mr. Cox avidly supported the production of years of age. sugar beets to support the local economy. He attended the “Beet Sugar Convention” in In 1899, Foote deeded a sizable acreage as Denver in 1892, on behalf of area farmers, a site for the region’s first sugar factory which and he was a tireless campaigner calling for opened in the fall of 1901. By 1910, the Foote construction of a sugar factory. Robert
14 Carl McWilliams. “Foote House,” 540 N. Monroe Architectural Inventory Form, January 2010. Avenue (5LR.6000), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey 12
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
S. Cox passed away in Loveland in August of affected the city’s socioeconomic 1902 at the age of 64. Martha J. Cox development. Prior to this time wheat and continued to live in the home at 923 N. other cereal grains were the main crops Garfield Avenue through the late 1920s.15 produced by farmers in the Big Thompson Valley. Sugar beet cultivation was As outlined in the foregoing brief introduced into the plains of Colorado in the biographies, the Barnes, Cox, Foot, 1870s and by 1890 this root crop was Hershman, and Johnson families, along with included among the agricultural products other early pioneers, laid the groundwork for grown in the region. In the 1890s a tariff on Loveland’s development into the 20th imported sugar gave rise to a large-scale century. development of the domestic sugar beet processing industry and the first factory in the The Sugar Beet Industry in Loveland and state was built at Grand Junction in 1899. Northeastern Colorado, 1890s – 1910s The Great Western Sugar Company was In 1911 esteemed Larimer County historian incorporated in February 1901, and built its Ansel Watrous wrote: first sugar factory on a parcel of land obtained from the George W. Foote family "Agriculture is the foundation upon northeast of Loveland’s business district. which the superstructure of all other Great Western issued a construction interests rests. It forms the very basis for contract to the Kilby Manufacturing society and gives it that stability which Company of Cleveland, Ohio, and by is the keystone of prosperity."16 harvest time in the fall of 1901, the new
factory was nearly complete.18 And regarding the sugar beet industry
specifically, Watrous further wrote: Loveland celebrated its first “Beet Sugar
The most notable event in the history of Day” on November 21, 1901 as the new Fort Collins in a material way, since the factory’s official opening was celebrated in completion of the Colorado Central grand style.19 Some 3000 people turned out Railroad in 1877, was the building of the for the occasion as excursion trains brought 17 beet sugar factory in 1903. people from Denver and Greeley for the
celebration and to learn about how beet The same was especially true for Loveland, sugar was processed. Souvenir bags of pure and for other communities throughout white granular sugar were given to each northeastern Colorado. The construction of Loveland’s sugar factory in 1901, profoundly
15 Carl McWilliams. “Cox House,” 923 N. Garfield Street (5LR.5005), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey 18 Carl McWilliams and Karen McWilliams. Architectural Inventory Form, January 2010. Agriculture in the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area, 1862- 1994,” p. 77. 16 Ansel Watrous. History of Larimer County Colorado, 1911. (Fort Collins: The Courier Printing and 19 Kenneth Jessen. The Great Western Railway. Publishing Company, 1911), p. 70. (Loveland: J. V. Publications, 2007), p. 20.
17 Ibid., p. 252. 13
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
visitor who could leave with a personal sugar factories. Yet another subsidiary, the sample of Colorado’s “white gold.”20 Loveland Construction Company, was created to actually lay the track and build Kilby Manufacturing Company constructed related infrastructure.23 northeastern Colorado’s second sugar factory at Fort Collins in 1902-1903, and in the The sugar beet industry was largely ensuing years, other factories were built at responsible for a more than 300 percent Brighton, Brush, Eaton, Fort Morgan, Greeley, increase in Loveland's population between Johnstown, Longmont, Ovid, Sterling, and 1900 and 1910. By the end of the first decade Windsor. Elsewhere in the state, sugar in the 20th century, Loveland boasted 3,651 factories were located at Rocky Ford, Grand residents and the city had been transformed Junction, Delta, Swink, and Sugar City. Apart by a building boom that included both the from Great Western, other sugar processing downtown business district as well as companies active in Colorado included the residential areas on either side of the railroad American Beet Sugar Company, the Holly tracks. Notable buildings constructed during Sugar Corporation and the National Sugar this dynamic time period included the Manufacturing Company. Colorado Association Building on Cleveland Avenue became the nation’s leading beet sugar (1904), the Union Block / Lincoln Hotel at the producing state in 1906, producing 153,000 southwest corner of East 4th Street and tons and supplying one third of the country’s Lincoln Avenue (1905), and the State sugar demands.21 By 1926, Colorado Mercantile Building at the southeast corner boasted seventeen sugar factories, including of East 4th Street and Cleveland Avenue thirteen owned by the Great Western Sugar (1910). Company.22 Also during this decade, the Colorado & The Great Western Sugar Company facility in Southern Railroad (successor in 1899 to the Loveland provided a reliable market for CCRR) built a handsome new brick depot in farmers in the region as well as employment the 400 block of North Railroad Avenue for numerous Loveland residents. In addition (1902), Loveland installed a sewer system to the production of sugar beets by farmers, and water treatment plant, and the city was and direct employment by Great Western, supplied with electricity. Lee J. Kelim the industry spawned other development. In constructed the city’s first power plant in the 1902, the Great Western Railway, a Great 100 block of West 2nd Street, in 1905. Western Sugar Company subsidiary, was Located south of 1st Street and west of formed to create a rail network to transport Railroad Avenue, Loveland’s Empson sugar beets from agricultural districts to area Canning Company factory opened in 1908.
20 Ibid., p. 21 21 Randall C. Teeuwen. “Public Rural Education and 23 Alvin T. Steinel. History of Agriculture in Colorado, the Americanization of the Germans From Russia in 1926, pp. 306-07; See also, Kenneth Jessen. “Sugar Beet Colorado, 1900-1930,” p. 39. Industry,” in The History of Larimer County, Colorado, Andrew J. Morris, ed. (Dallas: Curtis Media Corp., 1985) 22 “Agriculture in the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area, p. 13. 1862-1994, p. 71. 14
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Representing a diversification of the region’s and firemen, brakemen, conductors, agriculture, the Empson plant canned and machinists, mechanics, and as roundhouse shipped locally grown peas, and later other workers. vegetables, produced on 3000 acres of farmland. Other signs of the community's Numerous Loveland residents who did not maturation were construction of the Mission- work directly for Great Western benefitted Revival style Washington School at 500 E. 3rd indirectly from the economic impact of Street, in 1905, and construction of Great Western and the sugar factory. Such Loveland’s Carnegie library at the northeast residents included carpenters and corner of Cleveland Avenue and 6th Street, in contractors, bankers, realtors, insurance 1908.24 agents, storekeepers, and farmers, many of whom grew sugar beets. Great Western Sugar Company Employees in Loveland’s East Side Neighborhoods Notable and representative Great Western Sugar Company employees in Loveland Loveland’s east side neighborhoods during the early decades of the 20th century developed in the area between the include Samuel C. Mooney, Harry W. Hooper, downtown business district to the southwest Joseph W. Berry, and G. F. “Frank” Willard. and the sugar factory to the northeast. Joining Loveland’s original townsite and pre- The career of Samuel C. Mooney personified 1900 subdivisions, six new additions were all that any American immigrant could ever platted in this area between 1901 and 1906.25 hope to achieve. He was born in Glasgow, The Great Western Sugar Company and its Scotland on November 3, 1878, and subsidiary, the Great Western Railway, immigrated to America in 1888. Mooney quickly became the area’s dominant lived with his family in Philadelphia until 1903 employers, with occupations running the when he moved to Fort Collins to begin his gamut from unskilled laborers to the career with the Great Western Sugar company’s top executives. As listed in city Company. He would work for the company directories through the years, the Great for the next four decades, eventually Western Sugar Company employed east side becoming general superintendent and vice- Loveland residents in numerous capacities president of the entire company, a position including as laborers, machinists, mechanics, that he held at the time of his death in 1942. master mechanics, electricians, storekeepers, sugar boilers, evaporator men, When Mooney arrived in Fort Collins in 1903, foremen, bookkeepers, assistant Great Western Sugar had been incorporated superintendent, and superintendent. Other just two years earlier, and the company’s Fort east side residents worked for the Great Collins factory was still under construction. He Western Railway as locomotive engineers began his career as a pipefitter in Fort Collins,
24 Of the 57 buildings within the Downtown Places Registration Form, October 2014. Loveland Historic District, 24 were constructed between 1902-1910, following construction of Loveland’s Great 25 The additions were named Fox, Gifford-Goss, Western Sugar factory in 1901. See “Downtown Highland Park, Lincoln Place, Orchard Park, and Loveland Historic District,” National Register of Historic Younies 15
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
was promoted to the position of master in Jackson County, Michigan on August 14, mechanic at Greeley in 1910, and was 1879. He came of age there before moving appointed superintendent of the Loveland to Larimer County to work for Great Western sugar factory in 1917. At that time, Samuel Sugar. By 1910, Harry had become and his wife Harriet moved into a large, superintendent of the Fort Collins sugar almost new, Prairie style house at 549 E. 8th factory, and he was appointed Street. superintendent of the Loveland sugar factory in 1912, a post he would hold for the next five Renowned as an “outstanding sugar years. Harry married Grace Steinmetz on technologist,” Mooney served as February 11, 1909, and in 1910, a daughter, superintendent of the Loveland factory for Helen, was born. the next two decades. In 1936, he was appointed district superintendent of the In 1917, Mr. Hooper was transferred to eastern division of Great Western’s Colorado Scottsbluff, Nebraska to become district, overseeing sugar factories in superintendent of the Great Western Sugar Brighton, Johnstown, Brush, Fort Morgan, factory there. Mr. and Mrs. Hooper lived in Sterling, and Ovid. In the early 1940s, he Scottsbluff for the remainder of their lives, became general superintendent and vice- with Harry finishing his long Great Western president of the entire company. Mr. and career as superintendent there. Grace Mrs. Mooney then moved from Loveland to Hooper passed away in Scottsbluff on Denver where they resided at 1545 Monaco September 16, 1958, at the age of 74, Parkway. Samuel C. Mooney passed away in followed by Harry who died on August 22, Denver on March 2, 1942 at the age of 63. 1962 at the age of 83. Mr. and Mrs. Hooper Harriet Mooney died on May 9, 1972 at the are interred in Fairview Cemetery in age of 94. They are interred in Grandview Scottsbluff.27 Cemetery in Fort Collins.26 Joseph W. Berry served as the Loveland sugar When Samuel Mooney moved to Loveland in factory’s Assistant Superintendent from circa 1917, he replaced Harry W. Hooper as 1920 into the 1940s. Mr. Berry, his wife, Hilda, superintendent of Loveland’s Great Western and five children – Wayne, Ralph, Helen, Sugar factory, and Mr. and Mrs. Mooney also Joseph, and Donald - lived at 714 E. 6th Street took up residency in the former Hooper in the early 1920s before moving to 521 W. 5th family home at 549 E. 8th Street. Street, and later still to north of the city limits.
Harry W. Hooper also began his Great The son of James and Alliah Berry, Joseph Western Sugar Company career in Fort Worley Berry was born at Piney Flats, Sullivan Collins circa 1903. The son of Jeremiah and County, Tennessee, on September 11, 1879. Helen Hooper, Harry Watts Hooper was born He began his Great Western Sugar Company
26 “Sam C. Mooney, Sugar Company Executive, (5LR.1849), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Dies.” Loveland Daily Reporter-Herald, March 3, 1942, Architectural Inventory Form, March 2020. pp. 1-4; U. S federal census records.
27 Carl McWilliams. “Hooper House,”549 E. 8th Street 16
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
career at Billings, Montana, and it was there Prosper were both locomotive engineers, that he met and then married Hilda Helman while Mr. Gorom, at the pinnacle of his on July 17, 1910. Mr. and Mrs. Berry lived in career, served as superintendent of Great Billings until 1920 when Joseph was Western Railway’s Loveland facility. appointed Assistant Superintendent at the Great Western Sugar Factory at Loveland. Frank Charles Gorom was born at Angola, Mr. and Mrs. Berry lived in the Loveland area New York on November 8, 1881. After for the remainder of their lives, with Joseph completing his education, Frank took up eventually retiring from Great Western circa railroading as a career which brought him to late 1940s. Joseph Berry passed away on Cheyenne, Wyoming at the turn of the 20th November 5, 1959 at the age of 80. Hilda century. It was there that he met, and on passed on February 14, 1976, at the age of February 22, 1901, married Miss Anna Koebel. 90. They are interred in the Loveland Burial Mr. and Mrs. Gorom became the parents of Park Cemetery.28 two sons, Frank Jr., and Kenneth, both born in Cheyenne, circa 1904 and 1905. G. F. “Frank” and Nellie Willard, another Great Western Sugar Company family, lived Mr. Gorom worked as a railroad machinist in at 624 E. 7th Street from the late 1910s to the Cheyenne, possibly for the Union Pacific, until late1920s. Employed early in his career as an 1912 when he took the position of Master electrician, and then as a mechanic, Mr. Mechanic with the Great Western Railway in Willard worked his way up to become an Loveland. The Gorom family then moved to assistant master mechanic, and finally a Loveland, initially living at 518 E. 9th Street master mechanic with Great Western. The before moving into a new house at 744 E. 6th Willard family, including Frank and Nellie, and Street in 1919. two children, Laura, and Frank, moved often due to Mr. Willard’s employment, as at In time, Mr. Gorom became superintendent different times he was assigned to work at of Great Western Railway’s Loveland facility, sugar factories in Loveland, Fort Collins, a position he held from 1937 until his Johnstown, and Ovid, in Colorado, and retirement in 1955. Mr. and Mrs. Gorom finally at Montreal, Canada. Mr. Willard continued to live at 644 E. 6th Street together passed away in Montreal, in November 1945 until Mrs. Gorom passed away on October at the age of 63.29 24, 1960. Following Mr. Gorom subsequently moved to Skokie, Illinois where his son, Frank Noteworthy and representative Great Jr., was living. He passed away there on Western Railway Company employees who October 31, 1963 at the age of 81. Mr. and lived in Loveland’s east side neighborhoods Mrs. Gorom are interred in the Loveland include Frank C. Gorom, Alfred Chinburg, Burial Park Cemetery.30 and Charles Prosper. Mr. Chinburg and Mr.
28 Carl McWilliams. “Berry House,” 714 E. 6th Street (5LR.14728), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey (5LR.14722), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Form, March 2020. Architectural Inventory Form, March 2020. 30 Carl McWilliams. “Gorom House,” 744 E. 6th Street 29 Carl McWilliams. “Willard House,” 624 E. 7th Street (5LR.14727), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey 17
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Alfred Chinburg and Charles Prosper had company in Loveland until his eventual similar careers as locomotive engineers. The retirement in the early 1940s. Mr. and Mrs. son of Carl and Emma (Johnson) Chinburg, Prosper then retired to Fresno, California. Alfred Eugene Chinburg was born at Charles passed away there on April 16, 1946 Cambridge, Illinois on April 19, 1882. He at the age of 72, followed by Mary, who died worked as a locomotive engineer for the on January 10, 1960, at the age of 81. They Rock Island Railroad in Illinois between 1902 are interred in Fresno’s Belmont Memorial and 1908, and then for the Great Western Park Cemetery.32 Railway in Loveland between 1913 and his retirement in 1946. Alfred and his second Germans from Russia and the Sugar Beet wife, Rose, lived at 504 E. 11th Street for nearly Industry a half century, from circa 1920 to the late 1960s. Alfred passed away on January 29, As Colorado farmers began to grow sugar 1967, at the age of 84, followed by Rose who beets in the late 1800s, they discovered that died three years later, on April 25, 1970 at the beets were hardy plants that produced well, age of 81. Mr. and Mrs. Chinburg are interred even during adverse weather. Sugar beet in the Loveland Burial Park Cemetery.31 production necessitated several elements of specific care, however. They required Charles F. and Mary Prosper lived at 732 E. 6th irrigated water, beet fields had to be rotated Street from 1920 to the early 1940s. The son of with soil building crops, and they required H. Charles and Mary Ellen (Trackwell) Prosper, specialized plant foods, and heavy Charles Frank Prosper was born in New applications of manure to restore the soil's Orleans on February 6, 1874. His aspiration to fertility. In addition, the production of sugar follow a railroading career led him to beets was extremely labor intensive as the Cheyenne, Wyoming prior to the turn of the plants had to be blocked, thinned, hoed, 20th century, and it was there that he and topped by hand in the field before married Mary H. Koebel on November 24, being transported by wagon to beet dumps 1898. Mr. and Mrs. Prosper lived in Cheyenne and from there to regional sugar factories. during the early years of their marriage where a daughter, Marjorie, was born circa 1903, One year's cycle of sugar beet production, followed by a son, Melvin, in 1906. Charles from the initial planting to processing at the Prosper worked as a locomotive engineer in factory, was called a campaign. The field Cheyenne, possibly for the Union Pacific, until work season began in May and ended in the late 1910s. The Prosper family then November. The first operations involved moved to Loveland with Charles beginning blocking and thinning, taking about five to six work as an engineer for the Great Western weeks. Blocking was done by adult laborers, Railway. He subsequently worked for the and the thinning by children. Hoeing was
Architectural Inventory Form, March 2020. 32 Carl McWilliams. “Prosper House,” 732 E. 6th Street 31 Carl McWilliams. “Reider House / Chinburg (5LR.14725), Colorado Cultural Resource Survey House,” 504 E. 11th Street (5LR.14729), Colorado Architectural Inventory Form, March 2020. Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Form, March 2020. 18
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
done next to cut down the weeds. One For over a century, the Volga German hoeing was done in June, and another in late colonists enjoyed their adopted land in July. Between the second hoeing, and Russia. In 1866, however, Russia began to harvest time in October, little work was done restrict the German Russians’ freedoms. In in the beet fields. During harvest, horse increasing attempts at “Russification,” edicts drawn machines called lifters loosened the were issued concerning the colonists’ rights beets. The beets were then pulled by hand, to educate their children in German. In 1871, thrown into piles to be topped, and then young German men were drafted into the loaded onto horse drawn wagons and taken Russian military. These actions, combined to the factory. After the harvest, jobs were with a lessening of religious liberty, and sought at the sugar factory.33 exacerbated by a famine, led many German Russians to immigrate to America. While growing sugar beets was a primitive, Excellent farmers, German Russians settled in labor-intensive, process that required large Kansas, Nebraska, the Dakotas, in Canada’s numbers of field workers, in contrast, prairie provinces, and elsewhere throughout manufacturing sugar from beets at the the Great Plains. factory relied on advanced technology, and a careful application of chemistry and After first settling in areas around Lincoln, 34 physics. Crete, McCook, and Scottsbluff, Nebraska, many German Russian families moved The need for sugar beet field workers in westward to Colorado, drawn by the state’s Colorado coincided with the wave of burgeoning sugar beet industry. migration of Germans from Russia that
occurred in the late 1800s and very early As sugar factories began operations at the 1900s. dawn of the 20th century, Colorado Germans from Russia, or Volga Germans, newspapers began to report on the influx of were the descendants of some 27,000 “Russian” settlers and laborers. On April 24, German farmers and craftsmen who 1902, under the headline “Nearly Six Hundred immigrated to the steppes of Russia in the Settlers for Colorado in One Day,” the Denver 1760s. In 1763, in an attempt to reform her Times reported that the Burlington Railroad economy, Catherine the Great issued an had brought thirteen train cars of Russian invitation to people of other nations to come immigrants from Nebraska to Loveland to 35 to Russia to work as farmers. Attracted by free work the sugar beet crops. land, exemption from military service, religious liberty, and other privileges, German Related stories appeared in other Colorado settlers established more than 100 newspapers. On April 21, 1902, the Daily settlements on both sides of the Volga River. Journal, in far off Telluride, similarly reported:
33 Alan W. Cordova, “Alta Vista: A Beginning.” City of Fort Collins, August 2003), p. 19. (See this source (Paper prepared for class in Research in Mexican for a detailed discussion regarding how sugar beets American Studies, Adams State College, Fall 1977), n. p. were processed and refined into sugar at the factory.)
34 Eric Twitty. “Silver Wedge: The Sugar Beet Industry 35 Teeuwen, p. 39. in Fort Collins.” (Historic Context report prepared for the 19
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
“The beet sugar factories at Greeley, Eaton, Loveland’s Socioeconomic Development, and other points in eastern Colorado are Circa 1910s – 1940s importing Russian laborers to work in the beet fields by the trainload…” Established as an agricultural center, with sugar beets as the most important crop, Germans from Russia migrated to Fort Collins, Loveland grew and diversified from the 1910s Loveland, Greeley, to smaller towns in the through the post-World War II years of the South Platte River Valley, and also to late 1940s. Highlights in Loveland between communities in the Arkansas River Valley. On 1910 and 1920 included construction of such April 4, 1902, the Saccharine Gazette, in landmark buildings as the three-story Sugar City, in Otero County, reported that Loveland Hotel (1912-13), Loveland High the National Sugar Manufacturing School on West 4th Street (1919), and the Company’s arrangements to establish a Rialto Theater (1919-20). The complexion of “Russian” village “north of the Missouri Pacific Loveland was also altered in the latter 1910s depot will consist of 125 tents arranged in by the advent of mass-produced gasoline- streets,” with the new laborers scheduled to powered vehicles as well as by establishment arrive beginning that week.36 And in of Rocky Mountain National Park in 1915. November 1902, under the headline “Beet Culture,” editors of the Brush Tribune opined Reflecting a national trend, automotive that “the sugar beet is here, and here to business establishments such as garages and stay,” and sought to dispel xenophobic showrooms began to appear in Loveland, concerns that Germans from Russia would fill and the Loveland Chamber of Commerce communities with “untrustworthy, cheap encouraged the development of tourist laborers.” To the contrary, reporting on the facilities catering to motorists bound for the condition of affairs at Loveland,” the new National Park. To accommodate Tribune’s editors wrote that Germans from continuing urban growth, a second water Russia had proven to be “honest, sober, and treatment plant was added in 1917 and the industrious,” and “capable and willing” following year an elevated water tank workers.”37 nicknamed the "Leaning Tower of Pisa" was erected at 14th Street and Cleveland Such sentiments proved prophetic as in the Avenue. By 1920 Loveland's population had ensuing decades, in Loveland and reached 5065. elsewhere, Germans from Russia became property owners, diversified into other During the 1920s Loveland's growth slowed industries, and for the most part prospered as markedly, adding only 441 people and they assimilated into the broader American resulting in a total population by 1930 of 5506. culture. Still, the community witnessed a number of major improvements. In the early 1920s the Loveland Canning Company began
36 “The National Sugar Manufacturing Company…” 37 “Beet Culture.” The Brush Tribune, November 21, The Saccharine Gazette, April 4, 1902, p. 3. 1902, p. 1.
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operating out of Lee Kelim's 1905 power plant with federal aid, including one constructed in building and canned the sizable, locally 1935, as well as a larger, modern wastewater grown, cherry crop. Other noteworthy treatment facility constructed with WPA developments of the 1920s included the labor in 1940 near the old Larimer County proliferation of facilities for motorists and Fairgrounds. By 1940, 6145 residents were tourists, particularly along Highways 287 and counted in Loveland. 34. In 1926 Loveland was bestowed with a handsome fortress-like State Armory building From 1940 to 1950, Loveland’s population (at 201 S. Lincoln Avenue) to house its increased by 628 people, reaching a total of National Guard unit. In 1927 the Elks Club 6773. World War II limited development in acquired the landmark Lovelander Hotel at Loveland during the first half of the decade. the corner of East 4th Street and Railroad In 1947, postal authorities and the Loveland Avenue to convert into a lodge. A block Chamber of Commerce initiated a Valentine away, at 201 East 4th Street, the stately First Remailing Program to capitalize on the city’s National Bank was built in 1928; its Classical romantic nickname, the “Sweetheart City.” Revival or Temple-Front façade exuding The program was an astounding success, confidence on the brink of the Great each year bringing more valentines as well Depression. as attention to Loveland.
Loveland continued its relatively slow but Loveland’s Development, 1950s – 2020 steady growth throughout the 1930s. As elsewhere in Colorado and throughout Loveland experienced dramatic growth America, the early years of the Great following the end of World War II. In the 1950s, Depression brought hardship to many, and Loveland grew by almost 3,000 residents, and prompted the federal government to by 1960 the population hovered just under provide unemployment relief. The resulting 10,000. Beginning in the 1950s Loveland “New Deal” programs devised by the attracted retirees, who accounted for a administration of President Franklin D. significant share of the town’s postwar Roosevelt - including the Works Progress growth. Locally important events of the Administration (WPA), the Public Works decade include the opening of the Administration (PWA), and others – created community’s first municipal hospital – welcome opportunities for the construction Loveland Memorial Hospital, in 1951, and of of civic and other public improvements the Loveland Museum, in 1956. Prosperous throughout the nation. Loveland benefited economic conditions obscured the demise directly from the New Deal, as evidenced by of the area’s cherry growing and canning the construction of a new Art Moderne-style industry due to a disastrous blight in the 1950s. Post Office (1936-37) at 601 N. Cleveland Avenue, as well as the Loveland Community The 1960s and 1970s were decades of Center (1937-39), erected by the WPA on a unprecedented growth, fueled in part by parcel along N. Cleveland Avenue donated such developments as the opening of a by D. T. and Lillian Pulliam. Loveland also Hewlett-Packard computer plant in 1960. The received wastewater treatment plants built city’s population increased from 9734 in 1960,
21
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020 to 16,220 in 1970. By 1980, the population had ordinance. The Art in Public Places program almost doubled again, reaching 30,244. has provided a market for the works of local artists, and resulted in the installation of The population influx was accompanied by numerous bronze sculptures in parks and expansive urban growth, as new residential public spaces throughout the City. Several subdivisions were rapidly filled with modern casting foundries were established, and a homes. Major developments in the Loveland growing number of local artisans set up area included the opening of the Loveland- galleries and studios in the storefronts of Fort Collins Airport northeast of the city, and buildings in the historic downtown business the completion of a modern new hospital, district. McKee Medical Center, in 1976. Hewlett- Packard’s 575,000 square foot plant in In 1985, in the midst of the community’s Loveland, erected in 1974, remains a major widespread expansion and modernization, local employer. In the 1980s, commercial Loveland’s Great Western Sugar factory was development was concentrated along the permanently closed, after 84 years of busy highway corridors crossing Loveland, operation. The same fate befell many other including Highways 34 (Eisenhower Blvd.) of Colorado’s sugar beet processing plants, and 287. This trend, along with the arrival of due to unfavorable economic conditions in numerous national and regional retail the global sugar industry. Two years later, in franchises, changed the city’s character and 1987, another of Loveland’s obsolete historic diverted business away from the historic landmarks, the Washington School, was downtown area. transformed into a new municipal building by the City of Loveland. Urban growth after 1950 coincided with a diversification of Loveland’s economy. The The pace of population growth and importance of agriculture, including the accompanying urban development sugar beet industry, diminished markedly, as continued into the 1990s. Similar to new industries, including computer neighboring Fort Collins, Loveland expanded manufacturing, established facilities in outward in all directions from its historic Loveland. Among the new industries to center, as farmland gave way to residential locate and thrive in Loveland during the subdivisions. Between 1990 and 1995 the city latter part of the 20th century is commercial grew from 37,00 to over 42,00 residents. Just art, particularly bronze sculpture. Loveland a decade and a half later, in 2010, the artists have received strong support from the Loveland’s population had surpassed 60,00, City, which was the first Colorado and as of 2020 the Sweetheart City is home municipality to pass an arts funding to over 77,000 inhabitants.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Bibliography
Ahlbrandt, Arlene and Kathryn Stieben, editors. The History of Larimer County, Colorado, Volume II. Dallas: Curtis Media Corporation, 1987.
"Colorado’s Historic Newspaper Collection." http://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. (various articles)
Cordova, Alan W. “Alta Vista: A Beginning.” (Paper prepared for class in Research in Mexican American Studies, Adams State College, Fall 1977).
Feneis, Jeff and Cindy Feneis. Exploring Loveland’s Hidden Past. Loveland: Loveland Museum/Gallery, 2007.
Gates, Zethyl. Mariano Medina: Colorado Mountain Man. Boulder: Johnson Publishing Company, 1981.
Ison, Susan and Tom Katsimpalis. Loveland’s Historic Downtown: A Guide to the Buildings. Loveland: Loveland Museum/Gallery, 2001.
Jessen, Kenneth. The Great Western Railway. Loveland: J. V. Publications, 2007.
Jessen, Kenneth. Railroads of Northern Colorado. Boulder: Pruett Publishing Co., 1982.
Loveland City Directories. (various publishers), published annually or biannually 1904-2015
Marmor, Jason, and Carl McWilliams. "Loveland Historic Preservation Survey." Report prepared by Retrospect and Cultural Resource Historians for the City of Loveland Cultural Services Department, December 1999.
Marmor, Jason. "An Historical and Archaeological Survey of the Overland / Cherokee Trails Through the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area, Larimer County, Colorado." Report prepared by Retrospect for the City of Fort Collins Planning Department, June 1995.
McIntosh, Marjorie K. Latinos of Boulder County, Colorado, 1900-1980, Volume I, History and Contributions. Written for the Boulder County Latino History Project, 2016. http://bocolatinohistory.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/McIntosh-Latinos-Volume1.pdf
McWilliams, Carl, and Karen McWilliams. “Agriculture in the Fort Collins Urban Growth Area 1862 – 1994. Report prepared by Cultural Resource Historians for the City of Fort Collins Planning Department, March 1995.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
McWilliams, Carl. “Downtown Loveland Historic District,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, October 2014.
Moffatt, Riley. "Colorado Population History, 1860-1980." Unpublished document on file at the Denver Public Library, Government Publications Department.
Steinel, Alvin T. History of Agriculture in Colorado, 1858-1926. Fort Collins: Colorado Agricultural College, 1926.
Teeuwen, Randall. “Public Rural Education and the Americanization of the Germans from Russia in Colorado, 1900-1930.” M. A. Thesis, Colorado State University, 1993.
Twitty, Eric. “Silver Wedge” The Sugar Beet Industry in Fort Collins.” Historic Context report prepared for the City of Fort Collins, August 2003.
Watrous, Ansel. History of Larimer County, Colorado, 1911. Fort Collins: Courier Printing and Publishing Company, 1911.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
4.0 RESEARCH DESIGN
The 2019-20 Loveland CLG Survey is designed Following the file search, the basic scope of to document at the intensive-level, 26 the project was to conduct intensive-level properties with an emphasis on properties surveys of the selected properties. A key associated with Germans from Russia and/or project objective was to inventory all of the the Great Western Sugar Company. The properties with a consistent methodology properties were selected by the City of and standard for excellence. In addition to Loveland, Development Services recording architectural and historical data Department, in consultation with the for each property, the survey also provides a project’s consultant, the city’s Historic professional recommendation regarding Preservation Commission, and other each property’s eligibility to be listed stakeholders. individually in the National Register of Historic Places, in the State Register of Historic A file search of the survey area and specific Properties, and/or designated as a local properties was obtained from HC/OAHP. The landmark by the City of Loveland. An file search results were then cross-referenced additional objective was to evaluate with an on-line file search through OAHP’s whether or not each property could "COMPASS" database. All of the selected contribute to a potential National Register or properties had been recorded at the locally designated historic district. None of reconnaissance level as part of the the surveyed properties is currently within an "Loveland Historic Preservation Survey" existing district. prepared in 1999 by Jason Marmor, of Retrospect and Carl McWilliams, of Cultural The results of the survey are intended for use Resource Historians. Nearly all of the by the property owners, by the City of properties had not been intensively Loveland in local planning decisions, and for surveyed, however. use in interpretive programs, heritage tourism, and other educational purposes.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
5.0 METHODOLOGY
The 2019-20 Loveland CLG Survey project was conducted between September 2019 • Additional biographical information, including census and cemetery records, was obtained and June 2020, in accordance with the online via Coloradohistoricnewspapers.org, "Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Manual Ancestry.com, Findagrave.com, and other Guidelines For Identification: History and websites. Archaeology" (revised 2007), issued by History Colorado, Office of Archaeology and • Additional biographical information was Historic Preservation (HC/OAHP). obtained from subject files and from select secondary sources obtained from the Loveland Public Library, and from in person Archival Research interviews with many property owners.
Archival research was conducted to provide Field Survey, Photography, Completion of contextual information about Loveland's Inventory Forms historical development, and to collect
relevant information about each of the The exterior form and appearance of each properties surveyed at the intensive level. The building surveyed was recorded in detail by basic research methodology for each a systematic description of materials, form property included the following steps: and design, stylistic attributes, setting,
condition, and integrity. Any associated • A Larimer County Assessor Residential Appraisal Card for nearly every property was obtained from secondary buildings, such as garages and the Loveland Museum / Gallery sheds, were also similarly documented. The manually recorded field notes, and the • A CD with building permit data for all of the results of the research, were then used to properties was obtained the City of Loveland, complete a computer-generated Colorado Building Division and the City Clerk’s Office. “Cultural Resource Survey Architectural
• Current ownership, legal location, and the parcel Inventory Form” (OAHP #1403) for each number for each property was obtained online property in accordance with the “Colorado from the office of the Larimer County Assessor. Cultural Resource Survey Manual."
• A chronology of each property’s residents and Locational information (UTM coordinates, owners over the years was compiled using legal lot and block descriptions, and Section, Loveland city directories from 1904 to the present. Township and Range grid position to within
• Sanborn Insurance maps and historic Larimer 2½ acres) was obtained for all intensively County Assessor data were reviewed to ascertain surveyed properties. The location of each dates of construction and additions. intensively surveyed property was also pinpointed on a segment of the Loveland, • Biographical information pertaining to past Colorado U.S.G.S. Quadrangle map. owners and residents was obtained from indexed
historic Loveland newspapers available on microfilm at the Loveland Public Library. Digital photographs of each intensively surveyed property were made, the number 26
Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020 of views being dictated by each subject. average integrity, and date to a specific Where possible, three photographs were time period. Older properties with below taken of each primary building, including a average integrity, that are not associated head-on view of the facade, as well as with the district's significance, or properties oblique views from two angles showing the that are less than fifty years of age, are facade and one side elevation and the rear usually considered non-contributing. and other side elevation. There is potential for the creation of historic Each inventory form also included an districts within Loveland’s traditional core evaluation of the surveyed property's residential neighborhoods. Although the eligibility to be individually listed in the identification of specific historic districts was National Register of Historic Places, in the outside this project’s scope, many of the State Register of Historic Properties, and as a surveyed properties are within local landmark by the City of Loveland. The neighborhoods that have the potential to potential for each property to contribute to comprise historic districts. a National Register or locally designated historic district was also evaluated. None of To be listed in the National Register of Historic the surveyed properties is currently within an Places, a property should, under most existing district. circumstances, be at least fifty years old, possess significance under one of the Many properties which do not meet the National Register Criteria, and exhibit threshold for individual listing in the National sufficient integrity to be able to convey a or State Registers may be eligible as sense of its historic significance. The National contributing resources within a National and State Register Criteria, and Loveland’s Register historic district. Contributing Historic Register criteria, and the concept of properties within a historic district are integrity as it relates to significance are typically linked by context, display above- discussed below.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Eligibility Criteria for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places
Properties eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places must be deemed significant under one or more of the National Register Criteria, as defined by the National Park Service:
Criterion A The property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.
Criterion B Properties that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.
Criterion C Properties that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.
Criterion D Properties that have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Eligibility Criteria for Listing in the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties
Criteria for consideration of properties for nomination and inclusion in the Colorado State Register includes the following:
Criterion A The association of the property with events that have made a significant contribution to history;
Criterion B The connection of the property with persons significant in history;
Criterion C The apparent distinctive characteristics of a type, period, method of construction, or artisan;
Criterion D The geographic importance of the property;
Criterion E The possibility of important discoveries related to prehistory or history;
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Potential Eligibility for Individual Designation on the Loveland Historic Register
A property eligible for local landmark designation must be significant under one or more of the following criteria, as established by the City of Loveland.
Architectural Exemplifies specific elements of an architectural style or period Architectural Is an example of the work of an architect or builder who is recognized for expertise nationally, statewide, regionally, or locally Architectural Demonstrates superior craftsmanship or high artistic value Architectural Represents an innovation in construction, materials, or design Architectural Represents a built environment of a group of people in an era of history Architectural Exhibits a pattern or grouping of elements representing at least one of the above criteria Architectural Is a significant historic remodel Social/Cultural Is a site of an historic event that had an effect upon society Social/Cultural Exemplifies the cultural, political, economic, or social heritage of the community Social Cultural Is associated with a notable person(s) or the work of a notable person(s) Geographic/ Environmental Enhances sense of identity of the community Geographic/ Environmental Is an established and familiar natural setting or visual feature of the community
Integrity
The historical integrity of each property As defined by the National Park Service, inventoried was evaluated as it relates to the there are seven qualities of integrity that must National and State Register Criteria. To be considered: location, design, setting, qualify for inclusion in the National Register of materials, workmanship, feeling, and Historic Places, a property must not only be association. Historic properties do not need significant, but also have integrity. A to retain all seven qualities of integrity to be property's integrity refers to its ability to eligible for listing in the National Register of convey its historic significance. In other Historic Places; however, they must retain words, integrity represents how much a enough of these qualities to convey a sense property has been altered from its historic of their historic significance. The significance appearance. Properties that have been and integrity of the surveyed properties is altered substantially have poor integrity, discussed in detail in the individual inventory while those that have not been altered at all forms. have excellent integrity.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
6.0 RESULTS
This City of Loveland survey project resulted dwellings that are not representative of a in the intensive-level survey and completion particular architectural type or style. of Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory forms for 26 Thirteen of the surveyed dwellings were properties, 23 of which had not been erected between 1915 and 1921, and are all previously surveyed at the intensive level. either Bungalow type or Craftsman style Two other previously surveyed properties – dwellings. One of these, at 948 N. Jefferson the Great Western Railway Depot (5LR.6011) Street, was designed by architect Robert K. and the Great Western Hotel / Dormitory Fuller in 1919. Elsewhere, the surveyed (5LR.6002) were also incorporated into the primary buildings include the 1905 Mission final survey results. Intensively surveyed in Revival style Washington School at 500 E. 3rd 2010, these two resources have had no Street, the 1915 Carpenter Gothic style St. notable exterior alterations and no change Paul’s Evangelical Church at 745 E. 5th Street, in use since that time. They were included in the 1910 American Foursquare style this project’s final survey results because their Stoddard House at 329 E. 3rd Street, and the history relates directly to the Great Western 1915 Prairie style Hooper / Mooney House at Sugar Company and Great Western Railway. 549 E. 8th Street.
The current project resulted in the intensive- Eligibility Evaluations level surveys of 26 primary buildings and 24 secondary buildings and structures. Relative Each property was evaluated regarding its to their original uses, the primary buildings eligibility to be individually listed in the include 20 single-family dwellings, 3 multi- National Register of Historic Places, in the family dwellings, Washington School, St. State Register of Historic Properties, as a local Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, and the landmark by the City of Loveland, and Great Western Sugar factory property. The whether or not it would be a contributing secondary buildings and structure include 16 property within a potential historic district. garages, 6 sheds, a secondary residence, None of the properties are currently located and a carport. within an existing historic district.
Built in 1901, the Loveland Great Western The eligibility evaluations were developed by Sugar Factory is the oldest resource included Carl McWilliams, owner of Cultural Resource in the survey results. The other primary Historians, LLC, and are presented in the buildings were all constructed between circa comprehensive survey log at the end of this 1903 and 1921, and are representative of the report. Detailed information regarding the architectural types and styles of that era. A evaluations is presented in the individual handful of dwellings built before 1910 are inventory forms (OAHP 1403, Section 42, either representative of Late Victorian era “Statement of Significance” and Section 43, stylistic influences, or are basic vernacular “Assessment of Historic Physical Integrity Related to Significance).
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Five properties were evaluated as Two properties were evaluated as individually eligible for inclusion in the individually eligible for inclusion in the State National and State Registers: These are: the Register (but not the National Register). These Great Western Sugar factory complex on are: the Washington School at 500 E. 3rd Madison Avenue (5LR.836), 329 E. 3rd Street Street (5LR.14735), and the Uhrich House at (5LR.14716), 442 E. 3rd Street (5LR.14717), 745 948 N. Jefferson Avenue (5LR.14732). E. 5th Street (5LR.6688), and 770 N. Washington Avenue (5LR.14735). The Twenty-one properties were evaluated as previously surveyed Great Western Railway individually eligible for local landmark Depot (5LR.6011) and Great Western Hotel / designation by the City of Loveland, and 17 Dormitory (5LR.6002) are also evaluated as properties were evaluated as contributing to individually National and State Register a potential National Register historic district. eligible. Four properties were evaluated as having no historic district potential.
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Table 1: Comprehensive Survey Log
Site No. Address. Historic Building Name Current Building Name Individually Eligible for Contributing to Eligible for State Local a Potential or National Landmark Historic District Register Designation
5LR.494 500 E. 3rd Street Washington School Loveland Municipal SR Eligible Yes N/A Building 5LR.836 1149 N. Madison Avenue Great Western Sugar Great Western Sugar NR & SR Eligible Yes NR and SR Factory Factory Eligible as a District 5LR.1849 549 E. 8th Street Hooper House, Mooney Namaqua Center Not Eligible No Noncontributing House, Namaqua Hospital, Rest Haven Nursing Home 5LR.6002 930 N. Monroe Avenue Great Western Hotel, Lloyd Building, Monroe NR & SR Eligible Yes Contributing Great Western Dormitory, Avenue Apartments Factory Dormitory 5LR.6011 0 Great Western Depot Great Western Railway Great Western Railway NR & SR Eligible Yes Contributing Depot Depot 5LR.6688 745 E. 5th Street St. Paul’s Evangelical Namaqua Unitarian NR & SR Eligible Yes Contributing Lutheran Church Universalist Congregation 5LR.9648 404 E. 7th Street McWhinney House Sakimoto House Not Eligible No Noncontributing
5LR.10950 759 E. 7th Street Sella House, Nichols Den House Not Eligible Yes Contributing House, Watts House 5LR.14716 329 E. 3rd Street Stoddard House, Bonnell Erion House NR & SR Eligible Yes N/A House
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Site No. Address. Historic Building Name Current Building Name Individually Eligible for Contributing to Eligible for State Local a Potential or National Landmark Historic District Register Designation
5LR.14717 442 E. 3rd Street Houts House, McMullen Hill House NR & SR Eligible Yes N/A House, Anderson House 5LR.14718 541 E. 3rd Street Waddell House, Seaman Yowell House Not Eligible Yes N/A House, Brownlee House 5LR.14719 803 E. 4th Street White & Blue Cottage Trianko Enterprises Not Eligible No Noncontributing Camp; Park View Cottage Property Camp 5LR.14720 715 E. 5th Street Ferguson House, Davies Sheets House Not Eligible Yes Contributing House 5LR.14721 733 E. 5th Street Cloyd House, Fay House, Dinsmore House Not Eligible Yes Contributing Johnson House, Weickum House 5LR.14722 714 E. 6th Street Berry House, Wilkes Perry / Sebring House Not Eligible No Noncontributing House, Dewey House 5LR.14723 720 E. 6th Street Jones House, Gorom Shaffer House Not Eligible No Noncontributing House, Weddell House 5LR.14724 726 E. 6th Street Cloyd House, Hayden Gordon / Goetz House Not Eligible Yes Contributing House, Hein House, Schaffer House 5LR.14725 732 E. 6th Street Prosper House, Askey Hastings / Mallott House Not Eligible No Noncontributing House 5LR.14726 738 E. 6th Street Dines House, Wallace Sponheim House Not Eligible Yes Contributing House, Reider House 5LR.14727 744 E. 6th Street Gorom House, Reider Davis House Not Eligible Yes Contributing House
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Germans from Russia and the Great Western Sugar Factory: A Survey of Historical Properties Loveland CLG Survey 2019 - 2020
Site No. Address. Historic Building Name Current Building Name Individually Eligible for Contributing to Eligible for State Local a Potential or National Landmark Historic District Register Designation
5LR.14728 624 E. 7th Street Stroud House, Willard Killian House Not Eligible Yes Contributing House, Killian House 5LR.14729 504 E. 11th Street McCart House, Chinburg Geist House Not Eligible No Noncontributing House 5LR.14730 634 E. 12th Street Hennig House, Nixon Stonebase Haus Ltd. Not Eligible Yes Contributing House, Burns House, House Jesser House 5LR.14731 921 N. Jefferson Avenue Hoff House, Evans Berger House Not Eligible Yes Contributing House, Graning House 5LR.14732 948 N. Jefferson Avenue Uhrich House, Norcross Bontrager House SR Eligible Yes (Listed) Contributing House, Belden House 5LR.14733 753, 755, 757, 759 N. Grimes et. al. Fourplex Morgan Fourplex Not Eligible Yes Contributing Monroe Avenue 5LR.14734 761, 763, 765, 767 N. Hermetet et. al. Fourplex Morgan Fourplex Not Eligible Yes Contributing Monroe Avenue 5LR.14735 770 N. Washington Ave. Waddell House, Stewart Lopez House NR & SR Eligible Yes Contributing House
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