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Early Pithouse Period Through the Mimbres Classic AD 200-1130

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Early Pithouse Period Through the Mimbres Classic AD 200-1130 UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 12-1-2016 Food Processing and Cooking Technology of the Mimbres Mogollon (Early Pithouse Period through the Mimbres Classic A.D. 200-1130) Ashley Morgan Lauzon University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Repository Citation Lauzon, Ashley Morgan, "Food Processing and Cooking Technology of the Mimbres Mogollon (Early Pithouse Period through the Mimbres Classic A.D. 200-1130)" (2016). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/10083166 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FOOD PROCESSING AND COOKING TECHNOLOGY OF THE MIMBRES MOGOLLON (EARLY PITHOUSE PERIOD THROUGH THE MIMBRES CLASSIC A.D. 200-1130) By Ashley M. Lauzon Bachelor of Arts – Archaeology Bachelor of Arts – Art History Hood College, Frederick, MD December 2011 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Arts – Anthropology Department of Anthropology College of Liberal Arts The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2016 Thesis Approval The Graduate College The University of Nevada, Las Vegas October 28, 2016 This thesis prepared by Ashley M. Lauzon entitled Food Processing and Cooking Technology of the Mimbres Mogollon (Early Pithouse Period through the Mimbres Classic A.D. 200-1130) is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts - Anthropology Department of Anthropology Barbara Roth, Ph.D. Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D. Examination Committee Chair Graduate College Interim Dean Liam Frink, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Karen Harry, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Elizabeth White Nelson, Ph.D. Graduate College Faculty Representative ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines food processing and cooking technology of the Mimbres Mogollon culture from A.D. 200-1130. Food processing and cooking technology includes any tool (chipped stone, ground stone, ceramics, basketry/perishables, etc.) or feature (fire-features, etc.) used to prepare, process, and cook food. Data on this technology as a whole is lacking in the region. The goal of this research is to document and explore the changes and developments in food-related technology over time and to investigate possible factors that influenced its development. To document this technology over the course of approximately 1000 years, four case study sites were used: The McAnally site (Early Pithouse period, A.D. 200-550), the Harris Site (Late Pithouse period, A.D. 550-1000), and Galaz Ruin and NAN Ranch Ruin (Mimbres Classic period, A.D. 1000-1130). Ceramic, ground stone and fire-feature data from each site were gathered through a combination of personal analysis and published theses, dissertations, and site reports. Several changes occurred in material culture, architecture, and social organization during this time frame. Through documenting this technology, it was possible to further explore the relationship between larger organizational changes and those that occurred in food-related technology including tool types and location of features. By examining how various components of food processing and cooking technology changed over time within the region, more information may be understood regarding how the Mimbres people adapted to both changes in social organization and to their local environment. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to begin by thanking my advisor and committee chair, Dr. Barbara Roth, for all of her help and guidance throughout the duration of my thesis research. I would also like to express my gratitude towards her for allowing me to participate in one of her field schools and sparking my interest in the Mogollon culture, as well as giving me the opportunity to be her lab director. I would also like to thank the rest of my committee, Drs. Karen Harry, Liam Frink, and Elizabeth White-Nelson, for aiding in the progress and completion of my thesis research. I am also grateful for the support and funding provided by the Graduate and Professional Student Association and Graduate College, and Department of Anthropology. I would like to thank the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology at the University of New Mexico for aiding me in my research of collections curated at the museum and making the necessary artifacts and documents available. Lastly, I would like to thank my family for their support and encouragement in continuing my education. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN ......................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 4: METHODS .......................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 5: FOOD RESOURCES AND PROCESSING STRATEGIES .............................. 49 CHAPTER 6: RESULTS ............................................................................................................ 66 CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................. 112 APPENDIX A: GROUND STONE DATA .............................................................................. 127 APPENDIX B: CERAMIC DATA ........................................................................................... 134 APPENDIX C: FIRE-FEATURE DATA ................................................................................. 138 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 142 CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................................... 153 v LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Characteristics of Mimbres Mogollon Chronology (Anyon et al. 1981; Creel and Anyon 2003; Haury 1986; Reid 2006). ................................................................................. 6 Table 4.1 Table listing the sites used, the occupation span of focus for this research, and the location of the collections. ................................................................................................... 32 Table 4.2 List of ground stone analysis attributes (Adams 2002, 2013). .................................. 39 Table 4.3 List of ceramic analysis attributes (Rice 1987, 2015; Shepard 1956; Sinopoli 1991). ......................................................................................................................................... 43 Table 4.4 List of cooking feature analysis attributes (Lowell 1995, 1999). .............................. 47 Table 5.1 Table listing the standard and Latin names of commonly found plants from macrobotanical and pollen samples within the Mimbres Valley (Bohrer 1975; Bye 2000; Diehl and LeBlanc 2001; Diehl and Toney 2015; Kaplan 1963; Minnis 1984, 1985b, 2000; Phillips 2015; Rose 2004; Shafer 2003; Woosley and McIntyre 1996). ................................... 50 Table 6.1 Manos from the Harris site categorized by mano type, condition of artifact, and context. ....................................................................................................................................... 73 Table 6.2 Number of manos from the Harris site with modified edges and/or sides by mano type and context. .............................................................................................................. 74 Table 6.3 Number of manos from the Harris site by raw material and mano type. ................... 75 Table 6.4 Average dimensions of basin manos. ........................................................................ 92 Table 6.5 Average dimensions of flat manos. ............................................................................ 92 Table 6.6 Average dimensions of trough manos. ...................................................................... 92 Table 6.7 Dimension ranges of metates by type. ....................................................................... 92 Table 6.8 Average dimensions of through-trough
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