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Ukraine Brief 11 August 2014

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Ukraine Brief 11 August 2014 ACAPS Briefing Note Briefing Note – 18 August 2014 Ukraine Crisis Need for international Not required Low Moderate Significant Urgent assistance X Insignificant Minor Moderate Significant Major Expected impact X Key Findings Anticipated scope and scale Close to 140,000 people from eastern Ukraine have been displaced, another 16,000 from Crimea. The highest numbers of IDPs are located in eastern Ukraine. Some 188,000 people have reportedly crossed into Russia since the beginning of the year. Further displacement due to continuing heavy fighting in the eastern Donbas region, especially around the urban areas of Luhansk and Donetsk, is taking place. An estimated 24,000 IDPs have reportedly returned to Kramatorsk and Slovyansk since government forces retook the area, facing challenges due to damage to infrastructure, housing, businesses and industries. Priorities for humanitarian intervention Insecurity is high and civilians are exposed to a high risk of being killed or Health: vaccination of children against infectious diseases, assistance with injured. Human rights abuses, including abductions, torture/ill-treatment, pharmaceuticals and medical supplies; treatment of wounded. unlawful detentions and killings continue to be observed. Protection: protection of civilians caught in the conflict; protection of the Water, electricity and other public infrastructure has been damaged or rights of minorities; mines awareness. destroyed in the course of conflict, creating the need for safe water and WASH: Safe drinking water and electricity to areas with damaged electricity supply. infrastructure. Hospital closures due to interrupted essential supply lines (water and electricity) take place, shortages of emergency medical supplies occur. Humanitarian constraints Security issues hamper health services and access to health care in the Insecurity and fighting limit access. conflict areas. The drinking water supply situation heightens the risk of Administrative issues. water-borne diseases; there is a risk of increased numbers of Tuberculosis incidences. Concerns regarding the safety of Crimean Tatars on the peninsula remain. 1 ACAPS Briefing Note Crisis Overview in eastern Ukraine. In a direct encounter between pro- and anti-government activists, clashes erupted in Odessa in the south-west of Ukraine, leaving 40 people dead. More than 30 of them died in a fire blaze in a trade union building. Following a decision on 21 November 2013 by Ukraine's then President Viktor Petro Poroshenko won the presidential elections on 25 May, with 54.7% of the Yanukovych to abandon an association with the European Union and instead vote. Most polling stations remained closed in eastern Ukraine, whereas turnout seek closer cooperation with Moscow, massive street protests took place in Kiev in the west of the country (coloured in dark green in the map below) was high: and other major Ukrainian cities. Months of anti-government protests followed in which people expressed their dissatisfaction with corruption, poverty and social Voter turnout 25 May Elections inequality in the country. Violent clashes erupted between police and protesters. In mid-February 2014, more than 80 people were killed in Kiev within several days. Under an EU- and Russian-mediated deal, Ukrainian President Yanukovych conceded early elections, but soon after negotiations on 21 February, fled the capital; the opposition took control. The Ukrainian Parliament voted to remove Yanukovych and to hold new elections in May 2014. In February 2014, pro-Russia protesters in the southern peninsula Crimea, where the majority of inhabitants are Russians, started rallying against the new authorities in Kiev. A referendum in Crimea was held on 16 March 2014 on whether the region should officially join Russia. 97% of voters voted in favour of Crimea joining the Russian Federation and Crimea effectively becoming absorbed into the Russian territory. The referendum was declared illegal by Ukraine, the European Union and the United States. By late March, Russia seized all military bases in Crimea and Ukrainian forces were ordered to leave Crimea by the acting Ukrainian president. Around 16,000 people have fled Crimea since March. Riots and clashes between pro-Russian and pro-Ukrainian activists started to be reported from eastern Ukraine where a large share of the population is of Russian ethnicity. By early April 2014, tensions flared in eastern Ukraine, with Source: Electoral Geography, 2014 the cities of Lugansk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Slovyansk and others experiencing uprisings by pro-Russian activists and the seizure of government buildings by On 26 and 27 May, the Ukrainian army launched an "anti-terrorist operation" to these groups. oust separatists who occupied Donetsk airport. At least 40 separatists were An agreement to ease the situation in Ukraine was reached in Geneva on 17 killed during fighting. April 2014 between representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the European Union Tensions between Ukraine and Russian Federation continued to increase when and the United States. It collapsed after a deadly gunfight in an eastern Russian energy company Gazprom cut off natural gas supplies to Ukraine in Ukrainian town at a pro-Russian checkpoint on 20 April 2014 during the Easter mid-June, after Ukraine missed a Russian-imposed deadline to pay a 2 billion truce. In late April, seven OSCE military observers were detained by pro- USD instalment for past gas deliveries. Russian separatists in Slovyansk, but released after a few days. Another team On 27 June, the EU signed an association agreement with Ukraine, along with that went missing in May was released a month later. Georgia and Moldova that binds the three countries more closely to the West Tensions escalated further with protests rising in Slovyansk and Mariupol and both economically and politically. with the Ukrainian forces strengthening their so-called anti-terrorism operations 2 ACAPS Briefing Note On 6 July, government forces retook control over the separatists' strongholds Crisis Impact Slovyansk and Krematorsk. Fighting in the following weeks concentrated on the densely populated urban centres of Donetsk and Luhansk. Displacement On 17 July, a Malaysia Airlines plane was shot down over eastern Ukraine, all 298 people on board were killed. At the end of July, the European Union and the United States announced further sanctions against Russia, targeting its energy, banking and defence sectors. By mid-August, more than 139,000 people were displaced in eastern Ukraine in addition to the displaced from Crimea. Continued fighting and lack of public transport limit the possibility for civilians from contested cities to seek refuge in other areas. Gas, water and electricity facilities in the eastern part of the country have been damaged or destroyed, as well as transportation infrastructure. Shortages of medical supplies and limited health services have been observed. Fresh food supply is limited in some of the contested cities in eastern Ukraine. Between April and August, fighting between pro-Russian separatists and Ukrainian troops claimed the lives of more than 2,100 people. The human rights situation in eastern Ukraine deteriorated as a consequence of the continued unstable and violent situation, and insecurity prevails. Source: OCHA, 2014/08/15 According to UNHCR, by 13 August, a total number of 155,800 had been displaced in Ukraine. Close to 140,000 IDPs from eastern Ukraine had registered for some form of assistance with government or local NGOs in Ukraine. Almost 65,000 of them are located in Kharkiv and Donetsk oblasts, and more than 18,000 in Kiev. An estimated 16,000 people have been displaced from Crimea, with the highest number having moved to Kiev and Lviv (UNHCR, 2014/08/13). Furthermore, as of 14 August, an estimated 188,000 people have crossed into Russia since the beginning of the year, and over a thousand have applied for asylum in other neighbouring countries such as Poland and Belarus (OCHA, 2014/08/15). The number of people displaced from the Luhansk and Donetsk regions has risen sharply from 2,600 in early June to over 102,600 at the start of August, with further displacement continuing to take place (OCHA, 2014/08/06, OCHA, 2014/08/15). 3 ACAPS Briefing Note Overall, numbers of displaced people are likely to be higher as there is no personnel have been detained between April and August (OHCHR, 2014/04/15, functioning centralised registration system for displaced people who arrive in OHCHR, 2014/05/15, OHCHR, 2014/07/15, AI, 2014/07/11, OHCHR, 2014/06/08). different parts of Ukraine from Crimea and eastern Ukraine. Other IDPs not According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the included in the figures are those who do not want to register with local current deteriorating economic situation and unemployment level, together with authorities for protection-related reasons (HRW, 2014/07/21, UNHCR 2014/08/05). the on-going crisis, could see a rise in the number of cases of violence against In June, Ukraine’s President Petro Poroshenko ordered that humanitarian women, domestic violence and trafficking in humans, as vulnerabilities become corridors be created to help civilians flee fighting in the east of the country. much more acute (OHCHR, 2014/04/15, OHCHR, 2014/05/15). During fighting in early August, some 3,000 people left Luhansk through such a In eastern Ukraine, freedom of expression is under particular attack through the corridor, but many people are reportedly afraid to use evacuation corridors. harassment of, and threats to, journalists and media outlets. Abductions, illegal Some 5,000 persons have left Slovyansk using humanitarian corridors that were detentions and in some cases torture and murder of journalists have been established in the beginning of August (AlJazeera, 2014/06/10, WSJ, 2014/06/10, reported. The UNESCO Director-General, Irina Bokova, has condemned the Kyivpost, 2014/08/06, OCHA, 2014/08/10, OCHA, 2014/08/15). murders of six journalists in Ukraine since January 2014 (OHCHR, 2014/04/15, OSCE, 2014/05/02, UNESCO, 2014/07/01).
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