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Austin Blair: Civil War Governor, R 1861--1862 VOLUME 49 SEPTEMBER 1965 NUMBER 3 Jean Joy L

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MAY, Editor Austin Blair: Civil War Governor, r 1861--1862 VOLUME 49 SEPTEMBER 1965 NUMBER 3 Jean Joy L. Fennimore THB MEMBERS oF THB M.rcmGAN LEGISLATURE who had been AUSTIN BLAIR: CIVIL WAR GOVERNOR, J86J-J862 elected the previous November· convened at Lansing on January I Jean Joy L. Fennirltore 193 .. I I, 1861, to hear the farewell message of Governor Moses Wisner. j THE MARQUETTE DEATH SITE: THE CASE FOR LUDINGTON ·Not only had his administration achieved no especial significance, Raphael N. Hamilton 228 it was going out under a cloud. John McKinney, the· state treasurer,.. had embezzled large sums of the state's moneys, had absconded, and ] ACOB DEN HERDER: FROM DUTCH IMMIGRANT TO TOWN BANKER was now a fugitive from justice.1 Although the state treasury was John H. Yzenb~a.rd 249 empty, Wisner proposed new and elaborate expenditures for in­ WALTER REUTHER AND THE GENERAL MOTORS STRIKE OF 1945~1946 ternal improvements, for a new capitol building, and for completion Barton J. BernJtein 260 I of the. last twenty miles of a railroad from O".V'osso to Lansing. After a detailed consideration of Michigan matters; he proceeded MICHIGAN NEWS 278 to a discussion of the state of the Union and the threatened seces­ BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES sion of the "Cotton States," concluding: Warner and Brown, Guide to Manuscripts in the Michigqn This is no time· for timid and vacillating counsels, when the. cry of Historical Collections by Robert W. Hill 279 treason and rebellion is ringing in our ears .... I would calmly, but Kinzer, An Episode in Anti-Catholicism by Melvin G. ffiolli 281 firmly, declare it to be the fixed determination of Michigan "that The Peckham, The Colonial Wars, 1689-1762 by Jay Lu~aas 282 Federal Constitution, the rights of the States and the Union of the Gates, ed., Five Fur Traders of the Northwest States must and shall be preserved."" by George S. ~ay 284 On the following day, the incoming governor, Austi'n Blair, de­ Johnston, ed., The Valley of the Six Nations . by Fred C. Hkmil 285 I livered. his inaugural address. His face, marked by the harsh vicis­ Schultz, A Hist.ory of Michigan's Thumb . by Alan S. Brown 286 situdes of the frontier, was solemn, his resolute chara~ter and Notes ............................................. 288 i. 1Henry M. Utley and Byron M. Cutcheon, Michigan as a Province, Terri­ tory, and State, The Twenty-Sixth Member of the Federal Union, edited by Clarence M. Burton, 3:400 (New York, 1906). "For Wisner's message, see Messages of the Governors of .Michigan, edited· by George N. Fuller, 2:376-413 (Lansing, 1926). The passage quoted is on pages 412-13. · Michigan History is available on microfilm from University Microfilms, 313 Mrs. Jean Joy Fennimore has degrees from the University of Michigan and North First Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Reprints of the early :volumes of Albion College and has taught American history at Washington Gardner Michigan History are available from Kraus Reprint Corporation, 19 East 46th High School, Albion, far over ten years. Her article on Austin Blair is the Street, New York 17, N. Y. third of a series. Blair's earlier career was covered by Mrs. Fennimore in Michigan History is published quarterly in March, June, September, and "Austin Blair: Pioneer Lawyer, 1818-1844," and "Austin Blair: Political December by the Michigan Historical Commission, Lansing, Michigan 48913. Idealist, 1845-1860," in Michigan History, 48:1-17, 130-66\ (March and :.;.; · Correspondence concerning contributors and books for review may be sent to June, 1964). The remainder of Blair's serilice as governor wpl be taken up 'c',;;\·. the editor. The Commission assumes no responsibility for statemedts made by in an article to appear in the December, 1965, issue of the magazine. ~;·· · '.contributors. Second class postage paid at Lansing, Michigan. r Copyright © 1965, by the Michigan Historical Commission I 193 194 JEAN JOY L. FENNIMORE SEPTEMBER 1965 AUSTIN BLAIR 195 forceful presence were commanding, and he was; master of a support volunteer companies, than to call out the whole body liable to powerful voice. Turning first to state matters, the p.ew governor, bear arms, as was the old method. Besides, the volunteer organization is much more effective, and forms a nucleus for a larger force always to whose administration would have to shoulder the burden of ex­ be relied upon.• ' penditures, counseled prudence and economy, war~ing that rash ~: The remainder of Blair's inaugural address demonstrated that i indebtedness is the sure road to bankruptcy. He recommended 1 he was fully cognizant of the impending national crisis. Addressing that, 'We should at once adopt a permanent policy, 1looking to the the "Gentlemen of the two Houses," he proclaimed the loyalty of t steady reduction and final payment of the entire State debt.'; Blair the people of Michigan to the Union and their faithfulness to its believed that no appropriation not essential in preser~ing the credit Constitution and laws. He warned his hearers that the existence and honor of the state should be made until the! state had re­ of the national goyernment was threatened not by enemies from covered from her financial difficuities.3 Expressing concern over the without, but by traitors from within. Noting the secession of lack of a report from the state treasury, to say ~othing of the South Carolina, he asserted that the doctrine of secession was fal­ absence of the state treasurer himself, he prescribed a thorough lacious and opposed to every just idea of compact. Self-preserva­ investigation of the treasury department. In uncompromising tion, if no other reason, would compel the nation to resist it.6 terms he declared, Basing his argument on the idea that the Constitution and laws There is reason to believe that the Treasurer is a defauiter to the State of Congress operate upon individuals and not upon states, he in a considerable am~unt: . : I _earn~stly recomme?~ !you to ma~e a 'I distinguished between the powers of the national government and I thorough and searchmg mvestigation mto the condit10n and previous ,. conduct of the Treasury department .... There oughf to be no tem­ those .of the state, with special reference to slavery. ~· porizing with a defaulting public officer, but the utmost vigor of the There is, then, no right of secession in a State, but the State has law ought to be applied to him.' · the exclusive sovereignty over its domestic institutions and laws, and in Concluding his remarks on state affairs, Governor Blair urged respect to these the Federal government has no authority whatever. It ~esul~, ~at the purely local and domestic institution of slavery, wherever a substantial increase in the Military Fund to encpurage the re­ it exists m the States of this confederacy is wholly beyond the inter­ organization of the state militia and to increase the number of ference or control of the national government. In respect to the common volunteer companies. He pointed to an ominous fac~ about the na- Ten~tories, however, the case is entirely dlfferent .... The power to tional military situation on the brink of conflict: i acquire and hold territory, carries with it the power to govern. From whatever source derived, therefore, the sovereignty over the Territories ·The United States supports but a very small standinJ army, and the resides wholly in the General Government . Slavery may be ex­ great reliance of the government to defend itself against foreign enemies, cluded from the Territories by law of Congress, and no State can law­ and to put down domestic insurrection, is upon the militia of the States. fully complain of such action with any more show of reason than in It is neither safe nor wise, to allow the organization and discipline of the case of Congressional action upon any other subject.' militia to fall into disc.redit or disuse.
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