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What Is Wine?
Developing a Consumer Language to Describe Local Red Wines Using Projective Mapping by Heather Jantzi Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nutrition with Honours Acadia University March, 2017 ©Copyright by Heather Jantzi, 2017 This thesis by Heather Jantzi is accepted in its present form by the School of Nutrition and Dietetics as satisfying the thesis requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours Approved by the Thesis Supervisor __________________________ ____________________ Dr. Matt McSweeney Date Approved by the Head of the Department __________________________ ____________________ Dr. Catherine Morley Date Approved by the Honours Committee __________________________ ____________________ Dr. Jun Yang Date ii I, Heather Jantzi, grant permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan or distribute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. I however, retain the copyright in my thesis. _________________________________ Signature of Author _________________________________ Date iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Matthew McSweeney for supervising this research project. His ongoing support and constructive feedback took away my fears of writing a thesis, and his humour and energy made my learning experience more enjoyable than I ever anticipated. I also extend great thanks to Dr. Catherine Morley; her enthusiasm for nutrition research inspired me to pursue a topic I was passionate about and her outstanding teaching skills provided me with the foundations I needed to turn my research curiosities into reality. Thank you to my parents, Brad and Kristine Jantzi, for encouraging me to make the most out of my university experience. -
Blood of the Grape
The LORD’s Supper Series Blood of the Grape With His Stripes We are Healed Biblical Imagery ¡ Bible writers tried to capture what an infinite God revealed to them––in human language ¡ To accomplish this they had to stretch their words to the limit, using: ¡ Symbols, motifs, metaphors, figures of speech and literary patterns to communicate rich Bible truths as accurately as possible Biblical Imagery ¡ Among the most popular in the Bible are: ¡ Symbols: actual people, places or things that point to something or someone greater than themselves ¡ Figures of Speech: expressions that cannot be taken literally––used to suggest a picture, image, or some other special effect Biblical Imagery ¡ One of the most powerful families of symbols in the Bible that point together to Christ and what He did for God’s people, has to be: ¡ The grape ¡ The wine that comes from it ¡ The winepress that squeezes grapes into wine ¡ Let’s tackle them, one at a time Grapes ¡ The grape, a major crop in biblical times, was grown in vineyards for wine production. ¡ So a land full of vineyards symbolized abundance and prosperity ¡ Images of grapes represent successful agriculture ¡ Epitomized by the cluster of grapes brought back by the 12 spies as evidence of fertility in Canaan (Num. 13:23) Grapes ¡ In the coming golden age, according to Amos, there will be such an abundance, that: ¡ “The treader of grapes” will overtake the sower (Amos 9:13), still harvesting when next planting season begins ¡ In the Bible the success or failure of crops is often linked to people’s -
Kentucky Viticultural Regions and Suggested Cultivars S
HO-88 Kentucky Viticultural Regions and Suggested Cultivars S. Kaan Kurtural and Patsy E. Wilson, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky; Imed E. Dami, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University rapes grown in Kentucky are sub- usually more harmful to grapevines than Even in established fruit growing areas, ject to environmental stresses that steady cool temperatures. temperatures occasionally reach critical reduceG crop yield and quality, and injure Mesoclimate is the climate of the vine- levels and cause significant damage. The and kill grapevines. Damaging critical yard site affected by its local topography. moderate hardiness of grapes increases winter temperatures, late spring frosts, The topography of a given site, including the likelihood for damage since they are short growing seasons, and extreme the absolute elevation, slope, aspect, and the most cold-sensitive of the temperate summer temperatures all occur with soils, will greatly affect the suitability of fruit crops. regularity in regions of Kentucky. How- a proposed site. Mesoclimate is much Freezing injury, or winterkill, oc- ever, despite the challenging climate, smaller in area than macroclimate. curs as a result of permanent parts of certain species and cultivars of grapes Microclimate is the environment the grapevine being damaged by sub- are grown commercially in Kentucky. within and around the canopy of the freezing temperatures. This is different The aim of this bulletin is to describe the grapevine. It is described by the sunlight from spring freeze damage that kills macroclimatic features affecting grape exposure, air temperature, wind speed, emerged shoots and flower buds. Thus, production that should be evaluated in and wetness of leaves and clusters. -
Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are Hybrid Varieties Right for Oklahoma?
Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are hybrid varieties right for Oklahoma? Bruce Bordelon Purdue University Wine Grape Team 2014 Oklahoma Grape Growers Workshop 2006 survey of grape varieties in Oklahoma: Vinifera 80%. Hybrids 15% American 7% Muscadines 1% Profiles and Challenges…continued… • V. vinifera cultivars are the most widely grown in Oklahoma…; however, observation and research has shown most European cultivars to be highly susceptible to cold damage. • More research needs to be conducted to elicit where European cultivars will do best in Oklahoma. • French-American hybrids are good alternatives due to their better cold tolerance, but have not been embraced by Oklahoma grape growers... Reasons for this bias likely include hybrid cultivars being perceived as lower quality than European cultivars, lack of knowledge of available hybrid cultivars, personal preference, and misinformation. Profiles and Challenges…continued… • The unpredictable continental climate of Oklahoma is one of the foremost obstacles for potential grape growers. • It is essential that appropriate site selection be done prior to planting. • Many locations in Oklahoma are unsuitable for most grapes, including hybrids and American grapes. • Growing grapes in Oklahoma is a risky endeavor and minimization of potential loss by consideration of cultivar and environmental interactions is paramount to ensure long-term success. • There are areas where some European cultivars may succeed. • Many hybrid and American grapes are better suited for most areas of Oklahoma than -
Auroraauroraaurora ARTIST SERIES 2015
AuroraAuroraAurora ARTIST SERIES 2015 Blend: 52% Syrah 29% Cabernet Sauvignon 19% Cabernet Franc Alcohol: 14.6% abv TA: 5.85g/L pH: 3.83 Case Production: 560 cases Date Bottled: 5/9/17 Grape Source(s): Syrah: Pace Vineyard, Yakima Valley AVA, WA Cabernet Sauvignon: Shaw Vineyard, Red Mountain AVA, WA Cabernet Franc: Six Prong Vineyard, Horse Heaven Hills AVA, WA Aging: 18 months in barrel 52% New American - Pennsylvania, 17% New French/American blended, 26% New French, 5% Neutral Winemaker Notes: The 2015 vintage in Washington state was the hottest to date, yet mild conditions near harvest left us with wines that exhibited both power and elegance. Inspired by some of Australia's most famous blends, we combined soft, lush Syrah with firmly structured Cabernet Sauvignon and aromatic Cabernet Franc. This dark, deep wine was aged in American oak barrels for rich tannins and structure, French barrels for enticing vanilla, and special hybrid barrels with alternating French and American oak staves for hints of clove and spice. Tasting Notes: Drinking beautifully with integrated notes of cherry, rich raspberry, and spiced chocolate. Awards: Best Cabernet/Syrah Blend, Double Gold (98 Points) - 2019 San Francisco International Wine Competition Double Platinum - 2019 Winepress Northwest Platinum Awards Gold - 2019 Critic's Challenge (93 Points) Gold - 2019 Cascadia Wine Competition Gold - 2019 San Francisco Chronicle Wine Competition Gold - 2018 Vinalies Internationales Paris 2018 Tasting Panel Magazine Publisher's Picks (91 Points) Pairing Suggestions: - Grilled sausage with roasted vegetables - Lamb - Venison - Rib-eye steak with maitre d' butter - Flavorful cheeses Price: $32.00 Last updated: 12/10/2019. -
Tasting Sheet Inside 09-18-19
MARQUETTE $16.00 VERMONT SEYVAL BLANC $16.00 (750 mL) An Estate Wine. Pear and apple aromas. Lemon with a hint of (750 mL) melon and a subtle lime finish. Dry red wine made from our Estate Marquette grapes. Beautiful purple plum color with fruit aromas and a hint of oak. Red berry and plum flavors. Spicy with a tart dark cherry finish. VIDAL BLANC $16.00 (750 mL) An estate off-dry wine with pear and pineapple on the nose. Fruity and mellow with a hint of lime on the finish. Pairs well with all LEON MILLOT $16.50 (750 seafood. mL) An Estate wine made with grapes from the oldest vines in the Vineyard. Dry red wine with dark berry notes on the nose. Blueberry and cedar flavors. Pairs well with pasta dishes. SNOW WHITE $14.50 (750 mL) An Estate Wine. A nice, off-dry blend of Cayuga and Seyval. Enjoy with appetizers, cheese, spicier foods or seven friends! CRESCENT BAY RED $17.00 (750 mL) NAKED MERMAID $16.00 An Estate Wine. Medium bodied wine brings out the best of our Baco Noir, Leon Millot and Frontenac. Berry notes throughout, (750 mL) mellow, oak aged and fruity with a smooth, blueberry finish. Also An Estate Wine, from the “vineyard by the water” on Lake available in half bottles! Champlain, arises a wine as mysterious as a mermaid. Floral, lemon and pear on the nose. Pink grapefruit and orange flavors. Semi sweet wine. Also available in half bottles! PETITE PEARL $19.50 (750 mL) Rich violet-red color. -
Vérapson to HARVEST
VERAISOŃ TO HARVEST Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #5 October 6, 2017 Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling Around New York... Statewide (Tim Martinson) Harvest is in high gear throughout New York, with 27 of our original sample blocks now harvested (Fruit composition table pp. 6-10). This includes many traditional natives and hybrids (Baco noir, Seyval blanc, Vignoles, and Niagara), almost all of the Cold-hardy Minnesota hybrids (Marquette, Frontenac, and La Crescent), and early vinifera (Pinot noir and Chardonnay). Overall, the pace of ripening (by the numbers) slowed down from last week. Across all varieties, soluble solids gained an average 1 °Brix, and TAs dropped by 1.2 g/l. (Last week +1.3 °Brix; -1.65 g/l TA). Biggest gainers in our Burdett, NY. Young Riesling vines with first partial crop at Paul Hobbs samples included Concord, Catawba, and La Crescent vineyards, on the southeast end of Seneca Lake, near Burdett. (>2 °Brix), with mid/late season varieties gaining about Photo by Tim Martinson +0.5°Brix. Most TAs changed by <-1 g/l, but acids dropped dramatically in Catawba and Vidal blanc (both>-3g/l). Compared to last year, most varieties are still 1 to 3 °Brix The number of calls concerning the ability of vines to ripen lower than 2016, and TAs range from 1-5 g/l above last a crop are increasing. As is the case in most years, the later year. we go into harvest, the worse the canopy looks due to pow- dery mildew infections, potassium deficiency and just old Technical difficulties have prevented reporting of YAN age. -
Aprilante IGT Tuscany Vermentino Tribiana IGT Tuscany Trebbiano
CAMPAIGN FINANCED ACCORDING TO EC REGULATION No. 1308/13 No. REGULATION EC TO ACCORDING FINANCED CAMPAIGN www.pievedepitti.it Phone. +39.0587.635724 Fax +39.1782.730.049 +39.1782.730.049 Fax +39.0587.635724 Phone. Via Pieve de’ Pitti, 7 56030 Terricciola (PI) (PI) Terricciola 56030 7 Pitti, de’ Pieve Via Pieve de’ Pitti Pitti de’ Pieve srl Società’ Agricola Società’ srl where we are: we where Aprilante IGT Tuscany Vermentino Tribiana IGT Tuscany Trebbiano Pure Vermentino coming from a single vineyard, Pure late harvest Trebbiano. Historically a common place variety North-West oriented to catch every last bit of used as a component in blended wine. It’s unusual when found sunlight, over the sandy-clay soils down in the valley. as a single varietal wine, and even more so when harvested late In the part of the vineyard dedicated only to Vermentino, in the season, at the end of the Sangiovese harvest. that is sensitive to sea breezes and early morning The idea of Tribiana came from the existing grapes of one of frost, grapes grow with rich and juicy fruits, that our Chianti vineyards, where white grapes of Trebbiano were require special care in pruning and leaf-stripping. fully present, and after several tastings between Burgundy and Starting from 2013, we allow the innate yeasts from Provence. Uncertain of whether or not to uproot those old vines the terroir to begin the spontaneous fermentation in order to plant Sangiovese. We chose the hardest path and process, in order to enhance the savoury minerality looked for the traditional white wines from the Lands of Pisa. -
Copper and Sulfur Sensitivity of Northern Grape Cultivars
Copper and Sulfur Sensitivity of Northern Grape Cultivars Sturgeon Bay, WI and Madison, WI Patricia McManus, Victoria Kartanos, Matt Stasiak, and Janet Hedtke University of Wisconsin-Madison Background and Rationale: While many synthetic fungicides are failing owing to the emergence of fungicide- resistant pathogen populations, copper- and sulfur-based fungicides remain effective despite decades of use in vineyards. In grape production, sulfur is used primary to control powdery mildew, whereas copper is used primarily to control downy mildew. Some copper- and sulfur-based products are allowed for use in organic production, and many formulations are relatively inexpensive. Thus, copper and sulfur continue to have an important place in modern grape production. Unfortunately, many important grape cultivars are sensitive to injury from copper and/or sulfur, but the sensitivity of the “northern” cultivars is not known. In Year 3 of the project we continued field studies to assess sensitivity of several cultivars to copper and sulfur. Treatments: • The following 10 cultivars in an established vineyard were treated at Peninsular Agricultural Research Station (PARS) in Sturgeon Bay, WI: Brianna, Foch, Frontenac, LaCrescent, LaCrosse, Leon Millot, Marquette, Noiret, NY76, and Vignoles. • In an established vineyard at West Madison Agricultural Research Station (WMARS), all those varieties (except Noiret and Vignoles) plus MN1220 and Petite Pearl, were treated. • The following 8 cultivars in 2-year old vineyards were treated at PARS and WMARS: Brianna, Frontenac, Frontenac Gris, LaCrescent, LaCrosse, Marquette, St. Croix, and Valiant. • Treatments were applied six times at approximately 2-week intervals from June through August at WMARS. At PARS treatments were applied in June and early July, but a severe hailstorm on 14 July stripped leaves from vines, prevent us from continuing studies there in 2014. -
Evaluating Grape Cultivars for a Cold Climate
Evaluating Grape Cultivars for a Cold Climate Paul Domoto Dept. of Horticulture [email protected] IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Horticulture Southwestern Iowa IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Horticulture Tons < 10 10 – 50 50 – 125 125 – 350 > 350 See: Pirog, Rich. 2000. Grape Expectations: A food system perspective on redeveloping the Iowa grape industry. Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture. IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Horticulture 2,4-D drift injury IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Horticulture Grape Grower Surveys 250 Growers Bearing Acres 200 Non-bearing Acres Total Acres 150 100 50 0 1989 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 IDALS IDALS IDALS / Golden Hills RC&D (Winter 02/03) IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Horticulture Iowa’s Grape Industry 800 Acres 700 Vineyards 600 Wineries * 500 400 300 200 100 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY * ATF figures Horticulture Amanas 2006 IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Provided by Mike White Horticulture ISU Grape Team Dr. Gail Nonnecke Dr. Paul Domoto Dr. Murli Dharmadhikari Dept. of Horticulture Dept. of Horticulture Dept. of Food Science Teaching & Research Research & Extension Extension Enology Mike White Craig Tordsen Ext. Viticulture Value Added Ag Field specialist Ext. program specialist IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Horticulture ISUISU GrapeGrape ResearchResearch FocusFocus AreasAreas • Cultivar adaptation • Disease management • Culture / sustainability IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Horticulture Grape Cultivar Studies Project Leaders Drs. Paul Domoto & Gail Nonnecke Objectives: • Identify grape cultivars that are adapted to the various regions of Iowa. • Assess the cultural requirements of grapes cultivars grown under Iowa climatic conditions. • Evaluate the quality and wine making potential of grape cultivars under different Iowa climatic and soil conditions. -
Growing Commercial Wine Grapes in Nebraska (G2289)
NebGuide Nebraska Extension Research-Based Information That You Can Use G2289 · Index: Crops, Crop Production Issued July 2017 Growing Commercial Wine Grapes in Nebraska Paul E. Read, Extension Horticulturist and Professor of Horticulture Stephen J. Gamet, Research Technologist In recent years, interest in grape production and win- ery development has increased tremendously in Nebraska and the Midwest. This increased interest has led to a need for detailed information on vineyard establishment and commercial grape production. A successful winery must have a ready source of consistently high- quality fruit that is available every year. Fortunately for Nebraska growers, many locations through- out the state provide the essential resources of quality soil, water, and abundant sunshine. The experience of growers and University of Nebraska– Lincoln research have demon- strated that many sites are suitable for growing grapes of excellent quality that can be finished into wines of excep- tional quality. Do your homework: Before embarking upon the Figure 1. Sloping sites facilitate air drainage since cold air is heavier potentially risky venture of growing grapes for wine than warm air and flows downhill (air drainage). production, garner as much information as you can. Read trade journals and research articles. Attend grower work- shops and conferences, and visit other growers’ vineyards selection is probably the most frequent cause of vineyard to discuss these growers’ approaches and learn from their failure. In the Midwest, three main factors are critical to experiences. Focus your research on Midwest regional the selection of a vineyard site: Cold temperatures, air resources, ask questions, and study some more. movement, and soil drainage. -
Downy Mildew Resistance Evaluation in 28 Grapevine Hybrids Promising for Breeding Programs in Trentino Region (Italy)
Eur J Plant Pathol (2018) 150:485–495 DOI 10.1007/s10658-017-1298-2 Downy mildew resistance evaluation in 28 grapevine hybrids promising for breeding programs in Trentino region (Italy) Silvia Vezzulli & Antonella Vecchione & Marco Stefanini & Luca Zulini Accepted: 13 July 2017 /Published online: 31 July 2017 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2017 Abstract Downy mildew is a major grapevine disease assisted breeding programs which promote sustainable caused by the biotrophic oomycete, Plasmopara viticulture. viticola. Numerous disease resistance studies of diverse Vitis germplasm have been previously carried out to Keywords Plasmopara viticola . Vitis spp. Disease identify downy mildew resistance sources; however, symptom assessment . Weather effect ratings were mainly reported using leaf disc in vitro testing and foliage field assessment, or upon leaf and cluster field evaluations. In the current study, 28 grape- Introduction vine hybrid cultivars were screened using leaf disc bio- assay, for disease resistance characterization of both Downy mildew (DM) is a major grapevine disease existing and wild-collected materials. 16 hybrids were caused by the biotrophic oomycete, Plasmopara viticola identified as highly resistant or resistant, and will serve (Berk. and Curt.) Berl. & de Toni. The classic cultivars as relevant resistance donors in future pre-breeding and for wine, table grape and raisin production belong to the breeding programs. All grapevine hybrids were evalu- Vitis species widely spread in Europe and Asia Minor, ated for foliar and cluster downy mildew resistance in an Vitis vinifera L., and are susceptible to this pathogen untreated field trial over three successive years. This (Deglène-Benbrahim et al. 2010). P. viticola infects all study showed that the leaf disc bioassay provided some green parts of the vine, leaves and bunches in particular information on the resistance level of the genotypes (Ingram 1981).