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Homelessness in Vancouver: Pathways and Strategies

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Homelessness in Vancouver: Pathways and Strategies UBC Sauder Centre for Social Innovation & Impact Investing | 0 Homelessness in Vancouver: Pathways and Strategies BY STEVE PETTERSON, BRUNO LAM, DR. JAMES TANSEY November 2017 Report Title | Author UBC Sauder Centre for Social Innovation & Impact Investing | 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 THE NEED FOR INTERVENTION IN VANCOUVER .............................................................................. 5 1.2 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 AN OVERVIEW OF OUR FINDINGS ....................................................................................................... 6 1.4 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.0 HOMELESSNESS IN VANCOUVER .......................................................................................................... 8 2.1 VANCOUVER’S CALL FOR ACTION ...................................................................................................... 8 3.0 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 9 4.0 THE JOURNEY THROUGH HOMELESSNESS ...................................................................................... 10 4.1 FROM NOT HOMELESS TO HOMELESS ............................................................................................ 11 4.2 FROM HOMELESS TO HOUSED ......................................................................................................... 11 4.3 HOUSED TO PERMANENTLY HOUSED, OR HOUSED TO HOMELESS .......................................... 11 5.0 CASE STUDIES ........................................................................................................................................ 13 5.1 METHODOLOGY FOR BENCHMARKING ............................................................................................ 13 5.2 COMPARING VANCOUVER WITH CASE STUDIES ........................................................................... 16 6.0 TREATMENT TOOLS: INCOME AND MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT................................................... 17 6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 17 6.2 WHICH FACTORS OF HOMELESSNESS SHOULD BE PRIORITIZED? ............................................ 17 6.3 WHAT DOES THE RESEARCH SAY? .................................................................................................. 20 6.4 WHAT ARE OTHER CITIES DOING WITH THESE TOOLS? ............................................................... 21 6.5 HOW IS VANCOUVER USING THIS TOOL? ........................................................................................ 23 6.6 ACTION ITEMS ...................................................................................................................................... 25 7.0 HOUSING APPROACHES: DIFFERENT HOUSING PHILOSOPHIES .................................................. 26 7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 26 7.2 WHAT IS CONTINUUM OF CARE AND HOUSING FIRST? ................................................................. 27 7.3 WHAT DOES THE RESEARCH SAY? .................................................................................................. 29 7.4 WHAT ARE OTHER CITIES DOING WITH THESE TOOLS? ............................................................... 31 7.5 HOW IS VANCOUVER USING THIS TOOL? ........................................................................................ 32 Report Title | Author UBC Sauder Centre for Social Innovation & Impact Investing | 2 7.6 ACTION ITEMS ...................................................................................................................................... 34 8.0 COLLECTIVE IMPACT THROUGH COORDINATED ENTRY & HMIS .................................................. 35 8.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 35 8.2 WHAT IS COORDINATED ENTRY AND HMIS? ................................................................................... 36 8.3 WHAT DOES THE RESEARCH SAY? .................................................................................................. 37 8.4 WHAT ARE OTHER CITIES DOING WITH THESE TOOLS? ............................................................... 39 8.5 HOW IS VANCOUVER USING THIS TOOL? ........................................................................................ 41 8.6 ACTION ITEMS ...................................................................................................................................... 42 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 43 9.1 TREATMENT TOOLS ............................................................................................................................ 43 9.2 HOUSING APPROACHES .................................................................................................................... 44 9.3 COORDINATION STRATEGIES ........................................................................................................... 44 10.0 APPENDIX 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 45 10.1 FACTOR: MENTAL HEALTH ................................................................................................................. 45 10.2 FACTOR: INCARCERATION ................................................................................................................. 48 10.3 FACTOR: EDUCATIONAL DISENGAGEMENT, POOR TRANSITION INTO ADULTHOOD ............... 50 10.4 FACTOR: UNEMPLOYMENT ................................................................................................................ 53 10.5 FACTOR: PHYSICAL DISABILITY, POOR PHYSICAL HEALTH, FOOD INSECURITY ...................... 56 Homelessness in Vancouver | Steve Petterson, Bruno Lam, Dr. James Tansey UBC Sauder Centre for Social Innovation & Impact Investing | 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Rating system for benchmarking homelessness strategies .................................................... 14 Table 2: Unsuccessful case studies – Stance on the intervention (Treatment) .................................... 22 Table 3: Successful case studies – Stance on the intervention (Treatment) ........................................ 22 Table 4: Unsuccessful case studies – Stance on the intervention (Housing)........................................ 31 Table 5: Successful case studies – Stance on the intervention (Housing)............................................ 32 Table 6: Unsuccessful case studies – Stance on the intervention (Coordination) ................................ 39 Table 7: Successful case studies – Stance on the intervention (Coordination) .................................... 40 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The path to and from homelessness....................................................................................... 10 Figure 2: Possible Intervention Opportunities ........................................................................................ 12 Figure 3: Comparison: Successful vs. failed city strategies ................................................................... 15 Figure 4: Comparison: Success and failed case studies vs. Vancouver ............................................... 16 Figure 5: Causal Loop Diagram: The relationship between various homelessness factors ................. 18 Figure 6: Identifying priorities – which factors are the leading causes of adverse conditions? ............ 19 Figure 7: Knack program stages: Get experience, get badged, get employed ..................................... 24 Figure 8: Knack badge types .................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 9: Vancouver's Housing Approach .............................................................................................. 33 Figure 10: Vancouver’s coordinated entry stance .................................................................................. 41 Figure 11: Vancouver’s HMIS stance ..................................................................................................... 41 Homelessness in Vancouver | Steve Petterson, Bruno Lam, Dr. James Tansey UBC Sauder Centre for Social Innovation & Impact Investing | 4 ABOUT SAUDERS3i The Centre for Social Innovation & Impact Investing (SauderS3i) is focused on leveraging business tools to advance social innovation and sustainability, through research, incubation, and application. SauderS3i defines social innovation as a new approach which fosters initiatives that contribute to solving existing social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental challenges. This encompasses concepts such as social enterprise, social finance, and strategic corporate social responsibility. What it does not involve is simply throwing money at a problem.
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