IX ALACPA Seminar on Airfield Pavements/VII FAA Workshop/II Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance
Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance
OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
By Dr. Samuel Hautequest Cardoso, Ph.D.
Panama City, 10 to 14 September 2012
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 3 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
IntroductionIntroduction ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Aircraft/pavement/interactionAircraft/pavement/interaction WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? SummarySummary
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 4 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
IntroductionIntroduction Ruwnay surface drainage Aquaplaning Macrotexture Microtexture Aircraft Pavement Interaction Friction coefficient Climatic Conditions
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 5 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
IntroductionIntroduction Water Water film Grooving Porous friction course (PFC) CFME Tires Surface Roughness Pilot
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 6 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
IntroductionIntroduction
Runway surface drainage Macrotexture Microtexture AquaplaningAquaplaning Friction coefficient Climatic conditions Aircraft Pavement Interaction
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 7 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject
AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 8 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 9 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject
AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 10 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject
AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 11 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 12 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 13 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject
AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 14 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject
AquaplaningAquaplaning
WhenWhen thethe aircraftaircraft tirestires looseloose theirtheir contactcontact withwith pavementpavement surfacesurface (finite(finite thicknessthickness ofof waterwater film)film)
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 15 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject
AquaplaningAquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 16 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject
TypesTypes ofof aquaplaningaquaplaning
DynamicDynamic aquaplaningaquaplaning (( highhigh speedspeed ))
ViscousViscous aquaplaningaquaplaning (( lowlow speedspeed ))
RevertedReverted rubberrubber aquaplaningaquaplaning
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 17 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Aircraft
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 18 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement
Structure
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 19 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial
Pavement
Failure
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 20 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
PERFORMANCE
EXC. $1.00 40% 75% LIFE REG. $4.00 TO $ 5.00 40%
V. POOR 12%
FAIL.
TIME
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 21 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement
Design
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 22 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement
Surface
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 23 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement
Surface
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 24 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial
Pavement
Grooving PFC
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 25 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement (Roughness) Template (mm) for any type of aircraft
30 31 30
50 1200 50 rms Criterion for any type of aircraft
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 26 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
WeWe knowknow veryvery wellwell
HowHow muchmuch dodo wewe knowknow aboutabout thisthis interface?interface?
WeWe knowknow relativelyrelatively wellwell
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 27 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Interface Runways do not have a friction coefficient
Friction coefficient is always a property of a pair of surfaces
Changes at this interface can alter the frictional force (tire/surface interface)
OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial
Interface Three zones
11 22 33
Wet Transition Dry
OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Interface ZoneZone 11 Wet zone
Water film is “squeezed ”; Very high localized pressures ( microtexture ); ZoneZone 22 Water pressure “breaks ” water film; Friction is mobilized
ZoneZone 33 Without water ( “perfect dry ”)
OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
Aircraft/pavement/interactionAircraft/pavement/interactionAIRCRAFT/PAVEMENT INTERACTION ThisThis shortshort coursecourse willwill covercover ::
PLASTIC MACRO AND ROUGHNESS DEFORMATION MICRO TEXTURE
EXCESSIVE MANEUVERABILITY MOBILIZE FRICTION VIBRATION
FATIGUE OF LANDING GEARS, USER ACQUAPLANNING DISCOMFORT, AND USER INCREASING IN TIRE DISCOMFORT MaintenanceMaintenanceACQUAPLANING CONSUMPTION, ETC.
SAFETY , ECONOMY AND USER COMFORT 31 DURING AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interactionAircraft/pavement/interaction Pilot
2 Aircraft 3 characteristics 1 Tires
??
Climate 4 Conditions 5 Macro/Micro 5x4x3x2x15x4x3x2x1 == 120120 Texture
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 32 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance
Porous Friction Course
WeWe needneed maintenance!maintenance!
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 33 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance
Pavement surface
WeWe needneed maintenance!maintenance!
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 34 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance
WeWe needneed maintenance!maintenance!
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 35 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance
WeWe cancan evaluate/measureevaluate/measure
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 36 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance
WeWe cancan evaluate/measureevaluate/measure
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 37 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance
WeWe cancan evaluate/measureevaluate/measure
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 38 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance
WeWe cancan carrycarry outout maintenancemaintenance
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 39 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance Before After
WhatWhat wewe looklook forfor
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 40 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
LastLast yearyear (Argentina)(Argentina) –– MikeMike RoginskiRoginski ““YesterdayYesterday isis aa history.history. TomorrowTomorrow isis aa mystery.mystery. TodayToday isis thethe present.present. ThisThis isis whywhy wewe callcall itit aa GIFTGIFT ””
HowHow aboutabout that,that, Mike?Mike?
““WhyWhy toto bebe worriedworried aboutabout TOMORROWTOMORROW ifif itit willwill finishfinish thethe DAYDAY AFTERAFTER TOMORROW!!!TOMORROW!!! ””
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 41 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
SummarySummary
ImportantImportant wordswords inin thisthis coursecourse ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Aircraft/pavement/interactionAircraft/pavement/interaction WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course?
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 42 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
ThinkThink about!!!about!!!
IfIf youyou areare ableable toto measuremeasure whatwhat youyou areare talkingtalking aboutabout andand expressexpress itit inin numbersnumbers youyou knowknow somethingsomething aboutabout that;that; butbut ifif youyou dodo notnot havehave thisthis capacity,capacity, youyou willwill bebe aa deficientdeficient andand unsatisfactoryunsatisfactory ““speciespecie ””
(William Thompson, 1850)
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 43 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance
Also,Also, thinkthink about!!!about!!! ““WeWe suffersuffer tootoo muchmuch withwith thethe littlelittle thingsthings thatthat wewe stillstill diddid notnot getget andand wewe areare notnot muchmuch happyhappy withwith thethe greatgreat thingsthings thatthat wewe havehave ”” (Shakespeare)(Shakespeare)
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 44 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance HappyHappy 1010 years!!!years!!!
ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 45 Pavement Maintenance