IX ALACPA Seminar on Airfield Pavements/VII FAA Workshop/II Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance Short Course on Airfield Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance By Dr. Samuel Hautequest Cardoso, Ph.D. Panama City, 10 to 14 September 2012 ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 3 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance IntroductionIntroduction ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Aircraft/pavement/interactionAircraft/pavement/interaction WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? SummarySummary ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 4 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance IntroductionIntroduction Ruwnay surface drainage Aquaplaning Macrotexture Microtexture Aircraft Pavement Interaction Friction coefficient Climatic Conditions ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 5 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance IntroductionIntroduction Water Water film Grooving Porous friction course (PFC) CFME Tires Surface Roughness Pilot ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 6 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance IntroductionIntroduction Runway surface drainage Macrotexture Microtexture AquaplaningAquaplaning Friction coefficient Climatic conditions Aircraft Pavement Interaction ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 7 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 8 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 9 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 10 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 11 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 12 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 13 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 14 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning WhenWhen thethe aircraftaircraft tirestires looseloose theirtheir contactcontact withwith pavementpavement surfacesurface (finite(finite thicknessthickness ofof waterwater film)film) ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 15 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject AquaplaningAquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 16 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance ImportanceImportance ofof thethe subjectsubject TypesTypes ofof aquaplaningaquaplaning DynamicDynamic aquaplaningaquaplaning (( highhigh speedspeed )) ViscousViscous aquaplaningaquaplaning (( lowlow speedspeed )) RevertedReverted rubberrubber aquaplaningaquaplaning ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 17 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Aircraft ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 18 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement Structure ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 19 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement Failure ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 20 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance PERFORMANCE EXC. $1.00 40% 75% LIFE REG. $4.00 TO $ 5.00 40% V. POOR 12% FAIL. TIME ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 21 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement Design ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 22 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement Surface ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 23 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement Surface ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 24 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement Grooving PFC ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 25 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Pavement (Roughness) Template (mm) for any type of aircraft 30 31 30 50 1200 50 rms Criterion for any type of aircraft ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 26 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WeWe knowknow veryvery wellwell HowHow muchmuch dodo wewe knowknow aboutabout thisthis interface?interface? WeWe knowknow relativelyrelatively wellwell ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 27 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Interface Runways do not have a friction coefficient Friction coefficient is always a property of a pair of surfaces Changes at this interface can alter the frictional force (tire/surface interface) OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Interface Three zones 11 22 33 Wet Transition Dry OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interfaceAircraft/pavement/interface trinomialtrinomial Interface ZoneZone 11 Wet zone Water film is “squeezed ”; Very high localized pressures ( microtexture ); ZoneZone 22 Water pressure “breaks ” water film; Friction is mobilized ZoneZone 33 Without water ( “perfect dry ”) OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interactionAircraft/pavement/interactionAIRCRAFT/PAVEMENT INTERACTION ThisThis shortshort coursecourse willwill covercover :: PLASTIC MACRO AND ROUGHNESS DEFORMATION MICRO TEXTURE EXCESSIVE MANEUVERABILITY MOBILIZE FRICTION VIBRATION FATIGUE OF LANDING GEARS, USER ACQUAPLANNING DISCOMFORT, AND USER INCREASING IN TIRE DISCOMFORT MaintenanceMaintenanceACQUAPLANING CONSUMPTION, ETC. SAFETY , ECONOMY AND USER COMFORT 31 DURING AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance Aircraft/pavement/interactionAircraft/pavement/interaction Pilot 2 Aircraft 3 characteristics 1 Tires ?? Climate 4 Conditions 5 Macro/Micro 5x4x3x2x15x4x3x2x1 == 120120 Texture ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 32 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance Porous Friction Course WeWe needneed maintenance!maintenance! ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 33 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance Pavement surface WeWe needneed maintenance!maintenance! ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 34 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance WeWe needneed maintenance!maintenance! ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 35 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance WeWe cancan evaluate/measureevaluate/measure ALACPA/11 Sep 2012 II Short Course on Airfield 36 Pavement Maintenance OverviewOverview onon RunwayRunway SkidSkid ResistanceResistance WhatWhat dodo wewe expectexpect fromfrom thisthis course?course? FocusingFocusing maintenancemaintenance