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Simyra Dentinosa (Lep., Noctuidae) ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﺎ

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Simyra Dentinosa (Lep., Noctuidae) ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﭘﺎ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﭙﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ: ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ... ٤٧٥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٦، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ٢، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٤ (٤٨٤-٤٧٥) ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ (Simyra dentinosa (Lep., Noctuidae ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﭙﻮﺭ١، ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﭘﻮﺭ٢، ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻲ٣ ﻭ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﻣﻲ ﭘﻮﺭ٤ ١ ، ٢، ٣، ٤، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭﺍﻥ ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ١٧/٤/٨٣ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ، Simyra dentinosa Freyer ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺗﻚ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻔﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ Euphorbia ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ . ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ (ﺳﺎﻝ١٣٨١-١٣٨٢) ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮒ ، ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ . ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ١٠ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﮔﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ . ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ٢ ﺗﺎ ٤ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻔﺘﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﮒ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻤﺮﻳﺰﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ . ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﮒ ﺩﺭ ٤ ﺗﺎ ٨ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ٣٨١ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ٤٥±١٩٥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ٤٣±٥٢٠ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ . ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ١/١٤ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ٢١ ﺗﺎ ٢٥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ . ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻻﺭﻭﻱ ٥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﻻﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻻﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﻣ ﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ١/١٢ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ٢±٢٦ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻴﺪﻥ ﭘﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﺮﻳﺸﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻻﺑﻼﻱ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ . ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴ ﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﮕﺲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ: 1- Cotesia ofella Nixon (Hym., Braconidae) 2- Cotesia vanessae Reinhard (Hym., Braconidae) 3- Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hym., Braconidae) 4- Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg) (Hym., Ichneumonidae) 5- Exorista larvarum (Linnaeus) (Dip., Tachinidae) 6- Pales pavida (Meigen) (Dip.,Tachinidae) ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﮕﺲ Exorista larvarum ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃ ﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ: ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، Simyra dentinosa ، ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ، ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ: ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﭘﻮﺭ e-mail: [email protected] ٤٧٦ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٦، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ٢، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٤ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ .Euphorbia L ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ Euphorbiaceae ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ، ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ . ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑ ﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ، ﭼﺮﺍﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ، ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ (٩). ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ (٧). ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﮒ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﺸﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ ﻭ ﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻒ E. esula ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ، ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮ ﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻱ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ (١٠). ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺳﻤﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ E. esula ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺷﺨﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ، ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻐﻮﻟﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ Euphorbia ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭ ﺳﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ(٤). ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ Simyra dentinosa ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ .Euphorbia esula L ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ E. esula ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ (١٠، ١١، ١٦، ١٩، ٢٠ ﻭ ٢٢). ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑ ﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮﺯ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍ ﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﺰﺩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ E. esula ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ (١٩). ﺭﺯﺍﻗﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ (ﺑﻪ ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ، ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ٥) ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. ١٠ ﺗﺎ ١٠٠ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ (٢١) . ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ، ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ S. dentinosa ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ، ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺮﻁ، ﻫﺠﻮﻡ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ، ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻤﻨ ﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺳﻴﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ (٦). ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻮ ﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺷﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﭙﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ: ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ... ٤٧٧ ١٣٨١-١٣٨٢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﺭﻭﻣﻴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺷﻬﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ (ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ١٢٨٥ ﻣﺘﺮ )، ﺩﺷﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﻮ (ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ١٢٩٣ ﻣﺘﺮ ) ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ، ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ٥٠×٥٠ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺷﭽﻲ (ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ١٣٤٧ ﻣﺘﺮ ) ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ٧٠ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ، ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﻻﺭﻭﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎ (ﺷﻜﻞ ١) ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎ، ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺘﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ . ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻦ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ، ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨١ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ( ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ٢٥ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ) ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ٥٠×٥٠ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ٧٠ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ١- ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﮒﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻻﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨١ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺐ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. (ﺍﺻﻠﻲ) ٢٠٠ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑ ﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ( ﻫﺮ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ٢٥ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ) ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ، ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ٥٠ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﻮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺨﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﻳ ﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗ ﺨﻤﺮﻳﺰﻱ، ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ، ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻻﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﻧﺮ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻔﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ٤٥٠ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﺮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﺩﻳﻦ ١٣٨١ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﻪ ﻗﻮﺷﭽﻲ، ﺩﺷﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﻮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .
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