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State Enhanced Remedy in New Bedford, South Terminal

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State Enhanced Remedy in New Bedford, South Terminal From: Johnson, Judith L NAE To: Ralph Abele Cc: Mackay, Joseph B NAE; Sneeringer, Paul J NAE Subject: Additional references Date: Monday, July 23, 2012 12:26:10 PM Attachments: Auster1986.pdf Heinemann1992.pdf NBreferencesmodWithComments2.docx Hi Ralph, Attached are two additional references that I found in my hard copy files that were on your list (please see added comments on NBreferencesmodWithComments2). The attached references include the following: Auster, P. J., and L. L. Stewart. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (NorthAtlantic) Sand Lance. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Rep. 82 (11.66). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 11 pp. http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/species_profiles/82_11-066.pdf Heinemann, Dennis. 1992. Foraging Ecology of Roseate Terns Breeding on Bird Island, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. Unpubl. Report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, MA. 54 p Please call me should you have any questions. Regards, Judi Judith L. Johnson Army Corps of Engineers Evaluation Branch 696 Virginia Road Concord, Massachusetts 01742-2751 978-318-8138 FAX 978-318-8560 [email protected] RE'FERENCE COPY Do Not Remove from the Library U.S. Fjsh god 't{jld!jfe Service Biological Report 82 (11.66) National Wetlands Research Centet TR EL·82·4 June 1986 700 Cajun Dome Boulevard Lafayette, Louisiana 70506 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) SAND LANCE Coastal Ecology Group Fish and Wildlife Service Waterways Experiment Station U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Biological Report 82 (11.66} TR EL-82-4 June 1986 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) SAND LANCE by Peter J. Auster and Lance L. Stewart NOAA's National Undersea Research Program The University of Connecticut at Avery Point Groton, CT 06340 Project Manager Carroll-Cordes Project Officer David Moran National Coastal Ecosystems Team U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1010 Gause Boulevard Slidell, LA 70458 Performed for Coastal Ecology Group U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg, MS 39180 and National Coastai Ecosystems Team Research and Development Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 This series may be referenced as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983-19 . Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coasta'l' fishes and invertebrates. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. This profile may be cited as follows: Auster, P. J., and L. L. Stewart. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental reQuirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (North Atlantic)--sand lance. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82 (11.66). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 11 pp. PREFACE This species profile is one of a series on coasta1 aquatic organisms, principally fish, of sport, commercial, or ecological importance. The profiles are designed to provide coastal managers, engineers, and biologists with a brief comprehensive sketch of the biological characteristics and environmental requirements of the species and to describe how populations of the species may be expected to react to environmental changes caused by coastal development. Each profile has sections on taxonomy, life history, ecological role, environmental requirements, and economic importance, if applicable. A three-ring binder is used for this series so that new profiles can be added as they are prepared. This project is jointly planned and financed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Suggestions or questions regarding this report should be directed to one of the following addresses. · Information Transfer Specialist National Coastal Ecosystems Team U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NASA-Slidell Computer Complex 1010 Gause Boulevard Slidell, LA 70458 or U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Attention: WESER-C Post Office Box 631 Vicksburg, MS 39180 iii CONVERSION TABLE f~etric to U.S. Customary ~lul tiply fu:. To Obtain millimeters (mm) 0.03937 inches centimeters (em) o. 393 7 inches meters (m) 3.281 feet kilometers (km) 0.6214 miles square meters (m 2 ) 10.76 square feet square ki 1 ometers ( km 2 ) 0.3861 square miles hectares (ha) 2.4 71 acres liters (1) 0.2642 gallons 3 cubic meters (m ) 35.31 cubic feet cubic meters o. 0008110 acre-feet mil1igrams (mg) 0.00003527 ounces grams (g) 0.03527 ounces kilograms (k9) 2.205 pounds metric tons (t) 2205.0 pounds metric tons 1.102 short tons kilocalories (kcal) 3.968 British thennal units Celsius degrees 1.8(°C) + 32 Fahrenheit degrees U.S. Customary to Metric inches 25.40 millimeters inches 2.54 centimeters feet (ft) 0.3048 meters fathoms 1.829 meters miles (mi) 1.609 kilometers nautical miles (nmi) 1.852 kil 011eters 2 square feet (ft ) 0.0929 square meters acres 2 0.4047 hectares square miles (mi ) 2.590 square kilometers g a11 ons ( ga1 ) 3.785 1i ters 3 cubic feet (ft ) o. 02831 cubic meters acre-feet 12.33.0 cubic meters ounces ( oz) 28.35 grams pounds ( 1 b) 0.4536 ki 1 og rams short tons (ton) 0.9072 metric tons British thennal units (Btu) 0,2520 kil ocal aries Fahrenheit degrees 0.5556(°F - 32) Celsius degrees iv CONTENTS PREFACE i i i CONVERSION FACTORS • v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi NOMENCLATURE/TAXONOMY/RANGE 1 MORPHOLOGY/IDENTIFICATION AIDS • 1 REASON FOR INCLUSION IN SERIES • 4 LIFE HISTORY • 4 Spawning • 4 Fecundity and Eggs • 4 Larvae • 4 Juveniles and Adults • 5 GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS • 5 FISHERY 6 ECOLOGICAL ROLE 6 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS • 6 Temperature 6 Salinity • 6 Habitat 7 Other Environmental Factors 7 LITERATURE CITED • 9 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful for the review by L.J. Buckley and K. Sherman of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Narragansett, Rhode Island. We a 1so thank Mary Jane Spring for expertly preparing the figures and Jennifer Bell Crouch for typing the manuscript. vi Figure 1. Sand lance. SAND LANCE NOMENCLATURE/TAXONOMY/RANGE spatial changes in the genus Ammodytes from the northwest Atlantic and Scientific name •••••••••••••• Ammodytes distinguished groups with high, spp. intermediate, and low meristic Preferred common name •••••••••••Sand counts. The intermediate group was lance (Figure 1) split, and fish with high to inter­ Other common names. • • • • • • • • Sand ee1, mediate counts were named A. dubi us sand 1aunce, 1ant, 1ance, equi 11 e, and those with low to intermediate northern sand lance (A. dubius), counts were named ~· hexapterus American sand lance (A. iimericanus) (= ~· americanus). The range of Class••••••••••••••••••• ~ Osteichthyes meristic characteristics and overlap Order•••••.....•..•.•••••• Perciformes between species of this genus over a Family•••••••••••••••••••• Ammodytidae wide geographic area were s i gni fi cant (Table 1). As a result of this variation, sand lance in the North Geographic range: From northern Atlantic area off the coast of the Labrador and Hudson Bay south to U. S. (Ammodytes spp. ) wi 11 be covered Cape Hatteras (Bigelow and Schroeder as a combined group in this profile. 1953; Richards et al. 1963; Liem and Scott 1966) and from upper estuaries The body of the sand lance is (Norcross et al. 1961) to the e~ge small, elongate, and slender. Body of the Continental Shelf (Richards depth is uniform from the opercular and Kendall 1973)(Figure 2). This region to the beginning of the anal genus is most abundant, however, fin. Body depth then begins to taper along the inner half of the towards the caudal peduncle. The tail Continental Shelf and is most is forked. The anal fin originates commonly associated with sandy under the 29th or 30th dorsal fin substrates ( Bigelow and Schroeder ray. The lateral line is straight. 1953; Grosslein and Azarovitz 1982). The mouth is terminal with lower jaw projecting forward and no teeth (Liem and Scott 1966). Fin ray counts vary MORPHOLOGY/IDENTIFICATION AIDS as in Table 1. Meristic values of sand lance Color of individual fish is vari­ vary greatly with latitude as well as a b 1 e. The dorsa 1 surface can be with distance from shore at the same olive, brown, or bluish green. Lower latitude (Backus 1957; Richards et al. sides are silver with a dull white 1963; Winters 1970; Scott 1972; ventral region. Some individuals have Pellegrini 1976). Richards et al. a steel-blue iridescent longitudinal ( 1 963) demonstrated various types of stripe. CANADA MAINE I \ ATlANTIC OCEAN MILES 0 50 100 I ====' 0-­ w50 100 KILOMETERS Figure 2. Distribution of sand lances along the North Atlantic coast. 2 Table 1. Meristic values of Northwest Atlantic species of Ammodytes (adapted from Pellegrini 1979). Vertebrae Dorsal fin ra~s Anal fin ra~s No. in Species sample Range Mean Range Mean Range Mean Ammodytes hexapterus (Richards et al. 1963) 1020 61-73 51-62 23-33 East coast of North America A. hexapterus (Scott 1972) 73 64-71 68.1 55-61 57.6 27-32 29.4 Newburyport, Massachusetts ~· americanus (Backus 1957) 12 62-69 67.2 56-60 58.5 28-31 29.6 Labrador ~· americanus adults (Pellegrini 1976) 700 63-73 67.9 52-62 57.4 26-32 29.4 w ~· americanus juveniles (Pellegrini 1976) 610 64-73 68.0 53-62 57.8 27-33 29.7 A. dubius (Richards et al. 1963) - 65-78 56-68 27-35 East coast of North America A. dubius (Leim and Scott 1966) - 71-75 62-68 30-35 East coast of Canada A. hexahterus (Winters 1970) - 70-78 60-69 30-37 Offs ore Newfoundland A.
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