Gazing at the Stars from Kwasan Observatory

Kwasan Astro-Culture Foundation

Kyoto Shimbun Publishing Center

Edited by: Kazunari Shibata, Fumitaka Sugino, Kazuyuki Sakka, and Masayoshi Nishimura

Gazing at the Stars / Contents

[Contribution] I and the Universe / Keiko Takemiya Brief Introduction of Kwasan Observatory

Chapter 1 – Meigetsuki and Abe no Seimei 1. Meigestuki and Supernova SN1006 [Contribution] Fujiwara no Teika and Crab Nebula / Kimiko Reizei 2. Yasuaki Iba, Amateur Astronomer Who Sent Message to the World [Contribution] Crab Nebula and SN1054 – Oort and Meigetsuki / Fumitaka Sato 3. SN1181, Supernova Which Appeared in the Age of Genpei War 4. Abe no Seimei, Tenmon Hakase 5. Abe no Seimei and Star Shape 6. Tsuchimikado Family, Descendent of Abe no Seimei [Under the Starry Sky] Composing Haiku about Ten-Chi-Jin / Kazuo Oike

Chapter 2 – History of Kyoto and Shiga 1. Ancient Records of Aurorae – Some Aurora Visible Also in Kyoto 2. Direction of Capital, and Nijo-jo Castle [Column] Legend of Heavenly Maiden in Kyoto Prefecture 3. Shibukawa Harumi 4. Shibukawa Harumi’s Astronomical Charts 5. Tachibana Nankei and Iwahashi Zenbei 6. Kunitomo Ikkansai, Master of Invention 7. Center Line of Ino Maps 8. First Weather Map of Japan 9. Fall of Sone Meteorite [Under the Starry Sky] Composing Haiku about Earth / Kazuo Oike

Chapter 3 – Kyoto University and Kwasan Observatory Genealogy of Persons Connected with Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University 1. Shinzo Shinjo, Founder of Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University 2. Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Father of “World Number One” Amateur Astronomy 3. Supporters of Kwasan Observatory [Contribution] Kojiki, Universe and Encounter with Kwasan Observatory 4. Kaname Nakamura, a Genius at Mirror Polishing 5. Shigemaro Kibe, Lens Priest [Column] Museum of Astronomical Telescopes—Great Historic Telescopes Getting Together 6. Miyamoto Crater—Shotaro Miyamoto, Who Contributed to Apollo Program 7. Hideki Yukawa and Cosmic Rays 8. Toshima Araki, Astronomer 9. Eizaburo Nishibori, Leader of Antarctic Wintering Party, and Astronomy 10. Kyoto Prize and Hayashi Phase 11. Study of History of Astronomy at Kyoto University, and Astronomical Charts on Ceilings of Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tombs [Contribution] I, Universe, and Kwasan Observatory / Takao Doi 12. Kyoto University Okayama Observatory and Seimei Telescope [Contribution] Internet and Universe / Hiroshi Fujiwara [Under the Starry Sky] Composing Haiku about Human Beings / Kazuo Oike

Chapter 4 – The Universe

1. We Are Inhabitants of the Galaxy 2. Stellar Evolution 3. Hubble and Discovery of Expanding Universe 4. First Detection of Gravitational Waves and Discovery of Binary Black Hole 5. Prediction and First Imaging of Black Hole 6. Various Nebulae—From Orion Nebula to Ultraman’s Star 7. Neutrino, Dark Matter and Antimatter 8. Habitable Planets 9. Exploring the Enigma of the Birth of Life 10. Man into Space—International Space Station 11. Man on the Moon [Contribution] From Gagarin to Space-Based Power Station / Hiroshi Matsumoto [Under the Starry Sky] Composing Haiku about Universe / Kazuo Oike

Chapter 5 – The Solar System

1. All Stars Are Suns – The Universe through Galileo’s Eyes 2. Secrets of Sunspot 3. Sunspot and Flare 4. Meigetsuki and Aurora 5. Total Solar Eclipse and Corona 6. Solar Eclipse and Japanese History – Legend of Iwato and Genpei War 7. Why Corona Is So Hot? 8. Prominence Eruption and Coronal Mass Ejection 9. Space Weather Forecast 10. Mercury—A Planet with Extreme Environment, One Side Baked and the Other Side Frozen 11. Venus—Burning Hell of High Temperature and High Pressure 12. Super-Rotation 13. Moon and Craters 14. Origin of the Moon—Giant Impact Theory 15. Mars, Our Neighbor Being Gradually Explored 16. Volcanos and Great Canyon on Mars 17. Names of “Kyoto” and “Kwasan” Engraved in Asteroids 18. Jupiter—Fast-Spinning Gas Giant [1] Io [2] Europa [3] Ganymede [4] Callisto

19. Saturn—Beautiful Icy Rings [1] Titan [2] Enceladus

20. Uranus and Neptune 21. Uranus — A Mysterious Planet Lying on its Side 22. Neptune — An “Unknown Planet” Calculated by Newtonian Mechanics 23. Perseid Meteor Shower 24. Identity of Comet 25. Trans-Neptune Objects, Home of Comets 26. Comets and Kwasan Observatory 27. Mystery of Outer Solar System beyond Neptune 28. Big Discovery with Small Telescopes—OASES Program [Under the Starry Sky] Composing Haiku about Great Earthquake / Kazuo Oike

Chapter 6 – Seasonal Constellations First Magnitude Stars Observable in Kyoto [Stars in April] Leo Shines At Zenith [1] North Pole Star [2] Boötes [3] Arcturus [4] Whirlpool Galaxy [5] Leo [Stars in May] Let’s Look for Great Curve in Spring [1] Big Dipper [2] Ursa Major [3] Spica in Virgo [4] Virgo Cluster [5] Center of Virgo Cluster [6] Sombrero Galaxy M104 [Stars in June] Summer Constellations Mixed with Spring Constellations [1] Libra [2] Hercules [3] Ophiuchus [4] Globular Cluster M13 [5] Corvus [6] Coma Berenices [Stars in July] Legend of Tanabata and Milky Way [1] Orihime and Hikoboshi [2] Milky Way [3] Brightness of Stars [4] Ring Nebula M57 in Lyra [Stars in August] Let’s Look for Summer Triangle [1] Summer Triangle [2] Deneb [3] Scorpius [4] Antares [5] Sagittarius [Stars in September] Let’s Look for Andromeda Galaxy from Great Square of Pegasus [1] Pegasus [2] Andromeda and Andromeda Galaxy [3] Cassiopeia [4] Cepheus and Cepheid Variable [Stars in October] Fomalhaut, the Only Bright Star [1] Fomalhaut [2] Perseus [3] Algol, the Demon Star [4] Harvest Moon [Stars in November] Seyfert Galaxy and Other Important Objects [1] Zodiacal Constellations [2] Aquarius [3] Pisces [4] Aries [5] M77 in Cetus [6] Mira, a Strange Star [Column] Precession—Vega Becomes North Pole Star in 12,000 Years [Stars in December] Seven 1st-Magnitude Stars in Eastern Sky [1] Taurus [2] Aldebaran [3] Orion [4] Betelgeuse [5] Rigel [6] Auriga [7] Capella [Stars in January] Let’s Look for Winter Triangle [1] The Pleiades [2] The Hyades [3] T Tauri Star [4] Canis Major [5] Sirius [6] Sirius B [7] Procyon [Stars in February] Canopus, the Bringer of Longevity? [1] Gemini [2] Pollux [3] Canopus [4] Lepus [Stars in March] Hydra, the Largest Constellation with Red Heart [1] Carina [2] Cancer [3] The Praesepe, M44 [4] Hydra [5] Crater [Under the Starry Sky] Land of Season Words / Kazuo Oike

Websites Related to Astronomy Afterword Authors Wataru Arimatsu/Ayumi Asai/Takao Doi/Hiroshi Fujiwara/Kiyoshi Ichimoto/Hiroaki Isobe/Kyosuke Iwasaki/Kitaro/Katsuji Koyama/Jun Kubota/Hiroshi Matsumoto/Shin Mineshige/Kazuhiko Miyajima/Shosaku Murayama/Tetsuya Nagata/Takashi Nakakushi/Masayoshi Nishimura/Daisaku Nogami/Terufumi Ohno/Kouji Ohta/Kazuo Oike/Kimiko Reizei/Kazuyuki Sakka/Takanori Sasaki/Fumitaka Sato/Kazunari Shibata/Fumitaka Sugino/Keiko Takemiya

NOTE: In this book, the Gregorian calendar is basically used for dates after October 15, 1582, and the Julian calendar for dates before that.