P.7.b.018 EEG theta/beta ratio correlates positively with inattention and memory problems in ADHD and controls H. Kiiski1, M. Bennett1, C. Kelly1,K. Grogan2, L. Rai1, A. Sweeney1, E. Mihelj1, R. Boyle1, A. Aleni1, J. Bramham2, R. Whelan1

1 Trinity College Dublin, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland 2 University College Dublin, UCD School of Psychology, Dublin, Ireland

Contact: [email protected]

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects ~5% adults worldwide.1 Brain electrical activity at rest, measured by EEG, may clarify the pathophysiology associated with ADHD and its heritability. Power in theta frequency band and in theta/beta ratio is shown to be increased in ADHD relative to healthy participants.2,3,4 Little is known about the electrophysiological patterns in unaffected first-degree relatives, and their relationship to psychometric measures. DOES POWER IN EEG FREQUENCY BANDS DIFFER BETWEEN ADHD, FIRST-DEGREE RELATIVE AND CONTROL PARTICIPANTS ? ARE EEG POWER VALUES ASSOCIATED WITH CONNERS’ ADULT ADHD RATING SCALES (CAARS) SCORES ? Method Participants: 45 unmedicated ADHD (M=27 years), 35 unaffected first-degree relatives (M=37 years) and 36 healthy controls (M=27 years) Procedure: • Resting-state 64-channel EEG, 3-minute eyes-open (RSEO) and 3-minute eyes-closed (RSEC) conditions

• Absolute & relative power in delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30), gammalow (30-60 Hz) and gammahigh (30-90 Hz) frequency bands, and the theta/beta ratio • Factor explaining most variance was extracted for each of the frequency bands and theta/beta ratio with PCA • Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)5 Data Analysis: 1) Comparison of absolute and relative power in frequency bands and ratios over the scalp between groups (ANOVA) 2) Correlation between EEG and CAARS subscale scores Results 1) Comparison of EEG between ADHD, first-degree relatives and controls 2) Correlation between EEG and CAARS

ADHD differed from first-degree relatives and controls in Resting-state eyes closed RSEO theta/beta ratio over frontal region correlates with absolute theta, alpha and delta power, and in relative beta inattention and memory problems in participants with ADHD. theta – absolute power: and gammalow power. Absolute power Relative power

ADHD controls relatives r=.24, p<.05 r=.24, p<.05 ROI)

Resting-state eyes open ROI) (frontal d (frontal

B ratio alpha - absolute power: ratio

ADHD controls relatives theta/beta alpha – absolute power: theta/beta

dB ADHD controls relatives L R CAARS inattention/memory score CAARS inattention/memory score d B Inattention and memory difficulties were associated with RSEO delta - absolute power: absolute power over fronto-central areas in ADHD participants and RSEO relative power over frontal and posterior regions ADHD controls relatives delta – absolute power: ADHD and control participants. theta (ADHD): 1st PC accounts for 73.1% variance ADHD controls relatives st alpha (ADHD): 1st PC accounts for 79.5% variance theta (control): 1 PC accounts for 35.5% variance dB st beta (ADHD): 1st PC accounts for 60.8% variance delta (ADHD): 1 PC accounts for 28.2% variance

d B r=-.32, p<.05 r=-.36, p<.05 r=-.29, p<.05

beta - relative power: power power

ADHD controls relatives beta – relative power: Absolute

ADHD controls relatives Relative r=.34, p<.05 r=.31, p<.05

CAARS inattention/memory score CAARS inattention/memory score

alpha (ADHD): 1st PC accounts for 45.7% variance delta (ADHD): 1st PC accounts for 29.3% variance

gammalow - relative power: gammalow - relative power: ADHD controls relatives ADHD controls relatives RSEC relative power over frontal and parietal regions

was related to difficulties in power

attention and memory in Relative participants with ADHD. r=-.31, p<.05 r=.40, p<.05 p<.05 p<.05 p<.05 (FDR) p<.05 (FDR) CAARS inattention/memory score Conclusions References

1 Brikell, I., et al., (2015). Am J Med Genet B • Electrophysiological activity at rest differed between ADHD and unaffected first-degree relatives and controls. Neuropsychiatr Genet, 168, 406-413. 2 Arns, M., et al., (2013). J of Atten, 17, 374-383. • First-degree relatives and controls did not differ in EEG activity patterns. 3 Rudo-Hutt, A.S., (2015). Biol Psychol, 105, 1-19. 4 Roh, S.C., et al., (2015). Clin Psychopharmacol • Difficulties in attention and memory were associated with neurophysiological activations and theta/beta ratio in ADHD. Neurosci, 13, 180-187. 5 Conners, C.K., et al., (1999). New York: • Electrophysiological measures may have utility as a neuromarker for ADHD symptomology. Multihealth Systems, Inc. Authors disclose no potential conflicts of interest. Dr. Hanni Kiiski

Short introduction I am a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and hold a Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Irish Research Council. I have a keen interest in using electrophysiology to detect and monitor cognitive and sensory functions in neurological and psychiatric conditions. I am passionate about bridging the gap between academic research and clinical practice. Research interests My current research aims to identify the underlying heritability profile, and the most important factors and predictors, of neurocognitive, cognitive and sensory dysfunction in adult ADHD. My previous work involved developing effective and objective methods to examine and to increase the understanding of cognitive and brain function in multiple sclerosis. The overarching themes of my research interests are multimodal assessment of cognitive function in neurological conditions, electrophysiology, neuropsychology and multisensory person perception. Professional highlights I was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience in 2012-2015 working in a ‘Socializing agents’ project that investigated how person characteristics are perceived from faces, voices and bodies. I was also a Research Assistant in the Neural Engineering group in 2008-2009, and in PET centre and Clinical Research Services in Turku, Finland, in 2005-2006. My other work experience includes being an Occasional Lecturer in UCD School of Psychology in 2014-2015, and working as a Psychology Trainee in the Neurological Rehabilitation ward and the Child Neurology unit of Turku University Hospital in Autumn 2007. During my undergraduate studies I assisted in various research projects focusing on memory, Alzheimer’s Disease and Neglect Disorder, and I also worked in a psychological recruitment company Psykologitiimi Päämäärä Oy. Relevant education I received my PhD in Neural Engineering in 2013 from Trinity College Dublin, and my MSc degree in Psychology in 2008 from University of Turku, Finland. I have also received Postgraduate Diploma in Statistics in 2011 and a FETAC Certificate in Project Management in 2016. Contact [email protected] Professional profiles in LinkedIn, ResearchGate and GoogleScholar