Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China
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CSCPRC REPORT NO.8 Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China A Trip Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation Edited by Paul C. Jennings Submitted to the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Washington, D.C. 1980 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the Committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors ac cording to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This exchange was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. This visit was part of the exchange program operated by the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China, founded jointly in 1966 by the American Council of Learned Socie ties, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Social Science Research Council. Sources of funding for the Committee include the National Science Foundation, the International Communications Agency, the Ford Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The Committee represents American scholars in the natural, medical, and social sciences, as well as in the humanities. It advises individu als and institutions on means of communicating with their Chinese col leagues, on China's international scholarly activities, and on the state of China's scientific and scholarly pursuits. Members of the Committee are scholars from a broad range of fields, including China studies. Administrative offices of the Committee are located at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. The views expressed in this report are those of the members of the Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation and are in no way the official views of the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China or its sponsoring organizations--the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Social Science Research Council. The romanization of Chinese personal and place names in the text has not been adapted to the pinyin romanization system. However, a partial list of the people met by the delegation has been included as Appendix II. Please refer to this appendix for the correct spelling in pinyin and the Chinese characters for personal names. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-91116 International Standard Book Number 0-309-02937-6 Printed in the United States of America ii :30212 -101 4. Title and Subtitle Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction in China: a Trio ------------------- Report of the American Earthquake Engineering and Hazards 6. t-'=-""""",,,'-'<..!...::<.!.!--!:;'~:::...::I..:~:":::':":"""'------~-T"-------~------Reduction Deleqation 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Rept. No. P. C. Jennin~s. ed. CSCPRC No. 8 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No_ National Academy of Sciences - -- -----.------------~ 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. 11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No. Washington, D. C. 20418 (C) (G) ENV7991116 ------ .. -~ 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period Covered I Engineering and Applied Science (EAS) National Science Foundation ------- 1800 G Street, N.W. 14. Washington, D.C. 20550 t-------"'-----=----------------------~-~~---"-~~----~-~~--~--I 15. Supplementary Notes This report was submitted to the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China. I--------------------·-~·---------------------------··--------------------- -16. Abstract (limit: 200 words) The U.S. Earthquake and Hazards Reduction Delegation reports its 1978 visit to learn about earthquake engineering, prediction, mitigation and research in China-. The dele gation comprised mostly earthquake engineers pl~s two geoscientists and a China scholar. The itinerary covered visits to six major cities beginning with the State Seismological Bureau, Tsinghua University and three construction sites at Peking. At Harbin the team visited the Institute of Engineering Mechanics which has principal responsibility for earthquake engineering research in China. At Canton, Chinese engineers presented earth- Ii!.' quake studies on the analysis of tall buildings. In turn, delegation members presented 24 technical lectures during the tour. Various features of earthquake engineering and practice in China and information learned about specific earthquakes; i.e., the dis astrous earthquake at Tangshan and the 1976 Sungpan-Pingwu earthquakes, are reported. Photographs of earthquake resistant structures and scenes of earthquake damage in China are included. I 1-------------------------------------- - --- -- -- - --------------~ 17. Document Analysis a_ Descriptors Buildings China Earthquake resistant structures Damage Earthquakes Safety engineering Structural engineers Dynamic structural analysis b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms Mitigation Tangshan Earthquake engineers Sungpan-Pingwu Delegation c. COSATI Field/Group 18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This Report) 21. No. of Pages NTIS ---------------~----------- 20. Security Class (This Page) 22. Price I (L:-S-ee-:A~N~SI-:-Z::":'"3~9.-:18-)-------------S-ee-'-ns-tr-uc-ti-on-s-o-n -R-ev.J.er-se----------....L-OPT-IO-N-AL-FO-R-M-2-72-(-4--7...J7) I (Formerly NTIS--35) , Department of Commerce CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 ORGANIZATION OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING IN CHINA 7 3 EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 19 4 REPORT ON THE TANGSHAN EARTHQUAKE 69 5 THE SUNGPAN-PINGWU EARTHQUAKES OF AUGUST 1976 134 APPENDIXES I Itinerary of the Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation 163 II Partial Listing of Earthquake Engineers, Earth Scientists, and Officials Met in the People's Republic of China by the Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation 167 III Bibliography of Papers and Reports Received in the People's Republic of China by the Earthquake Engi neering and Hazards Reduction Delegation 173 IV The Chinese Intensity Scale 176 V A Discussion of the Chinese Building Code 182 v Preceding page blank MEMBERS OF THE DELEGATION RAY CLOUGH, Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of the Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California GENEVIEVE C. DEAN, Research Associate, U.S.-China Relations Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California HENRY J. DEGENKOLB, President, H. J. Degenkolb & Associates, San Francisco, California WILLIAM J. HALL, Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois GEORGE W. HaUSNER, Chairman, C F Braun Professor of Engineering, Divi sion of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California PAUL C. JENNINGS, Reporter, Professor of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Division of Applied Mechanics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California LIU SHIH-CHI, Interpreter, Program Manager, Earthquake Hazards Mitigation Program, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. R. B. MATTHIESEN, Chief, Seismic Engineering Branch, United States Geo logical Survey, Menlo Park, California JOSEPH PENZIEN, Vice-Chairman, Professor of Structural Engineering and Assistant Director, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California TENG TA-LIANG, Professor of Geophysics, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California ROBERT E. WALLACE, Chief Scientist, Office of Earthquake Studies, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California ROBERT V. WHITMAN, Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts iii 1 INTRODUCTION The Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation visited the People's Republic of China during July and August 1978. The visit was arranged jointly by the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China (CSCPRC)--which is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, the Social Science Research Council, and the Ameri can Council of Learned Societies--and the Scientific and Technical Asso ciation of the People's Republic of China (STAPRC). Under the exchange program operated by these two organizations since 1972, two delegations of Chinese geoscientists and engineers have visited the United States. The first of these two teams (1974) was made up primarily of geologists and seismologists, and the second (1976) mainly of earthquake engineering research workers. The Chinese teams visited widely in the United States. Their sites included the various research centers of the U.S. Geologi cal Survey as well as the University of California, Berkeley, the Uni versity of Illinois, the California and Massachusetts institutes of technology, and other universities. The Earthquake Engineering and Hazards Reduction Delegation