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Chang-Lin Tien Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California University History Series Chang-Lin Tien FOUR DECADES OF DISTINGUISHED SERVICE: UC BERKELEY CHANCELLOR, 1990–1997, VICE CHANCELLOR FOR RESEARCH, PROFESSOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, AND RENOWNED EXPERT IN MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING Includes an interview with Di-Hwa Tien With an Introduction by Norman C. Tien Interviews Conducted by Harriet Nathan 1997-1999 Copyright © 2004 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Di-Hwa Tien dated September 9, 2003. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, Mail Code 6000, University of California, Berkeley 94720-6000, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Chang-Lin Tien, “Four Decades of Distinguished Service: UC Berkeley Chancellor, 1990–1997, Vice Chancellor for Research, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Renowned Expert in Microscale Thermophysical Engineering,” an oral history conducted by Harriet Nathan 1997–1999, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2004. Copy no. ______ Photo courtesy of Di-Hwa Tien Cataloging information TIEN, Chang-Lin (1935-2002) Professor of engineering, university administrator Four Decades of Distinguished Service: UC Berkeley Chancellor, 1990-1997, Vice Chancellor for Research, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Renowned Expert in Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2004, xii, 268 pp. Family background, childhood, and education in mainland China and Taiwan; Japanese invasion, Chinese civil war, 1946, flight to Taiwan; mechanical engineering education and naval academy; University of Louisville, MA, Princeton University, PhD; marriage to Di-Hwa; reflections on immigrant experience, speaking English, discrimination; UC Berkeley, College of Engineering, 1959-1999: research in micro- scale thermophysical engineering, administration, consultant to industry; vice chancellor for research, 1983-1985 ; UC Irvine, executive vice chancellor, 1988-1990; Chancellor, UCB, 1990-1997: affirmative action, athletics, focus on students, response to disaster, fundraising, state budget and retirement issues, town-gown relationships, excellence through diversity in faculty, staff, and students. Includes two inter- views with Di-Hwa Tien, spouse of chancellor. Introduction by Norman Tien, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UC Davis. Interviewed 1997-1999 by Harriet Nathan for the University History Series, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Regional Oral History Office, on behalf of future researchers, wishes to thank the Office of the Chancellor, University of California, Berkeley for its generous support of this oral history of Chang-Lin Tien. TABLE OF CONTENTS—Chang-Lin Tien UNIVERSITY HISTORY SERIES PREFACE i INTRODUCTION by Norman C. Tien iii INTERVIEW HISTORY by Harriet Nathan v BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION ix I ANCESTORS, FAMILY, AND EARLY YEARS 1 Consequences of Hardship 1 Reunion, Family History 2 Father’s Family, Education, Academic and Political Life 3 Affluence, Family Feud 4 II INVASION, OCCUPATION 6 Japanese Invasion and the City of Wuhan 6 Displacement, Chungking, Shanghai 6 Family Reunion and Father a Banker 7 Japanese Rule, Pressure to Join 7 School: Singing in Japanese, then French; Hardships 8 III WORLD WAR II ENDS, 1945, CHINESE CIVIL WAR BEGINS, 1946 9 Father as Shanghai Finance Minister 9 Family Flees, Separated 9 Finding Classmates 10 Crowding in Taiwan 11 Mother's Family of Intellectuals; Her Role as Daughter-in-Law 11 Family Safety and Education 12 Father’s Jobs, Family Property 13 Father's Death, Son's Response 13 IV HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN 15 High School Admissions Exams 15 Tough University Entrance Exams 16 Mechanical Engineering, Old-Fashioned Curriculum 16 Basketball, and American Movies 17 Part-time Tutoring 18 V POST-GRADUATE ROTC, MILITARY ACADEMY, NAVAL ACADEMY 19 Basketball, Writing 19 Tutor, then Friend to Di-Hwa 20 Assignment to Naval Academy 20 Benefits of Military Training 20 Applying to U.S. Graduate Schools; Few Scholarships, Fellowships 21 One Offer: University of Louisville 22 Taiwan’s Civil Service Exam: Number One in Mechanical Engineering 22 Atmosphere of Fear 22 VI FROM TAIWAN TO AMERICA, 1956 23 Charter Flight, Classmates, Alaskan Ice, Fighter Plane 23 Families’ Ruling: Ph.D. Before Marriage 24 Greyhound Bus to Missouri, Louisville, and Jim Crow 24 Life in the South: One Movie, Spam, Boiled Eggs 25 Experience: Segregation, Prejudice, Friendship 26 The Positive Side 27 Limited Choices for a Major Field; Unique Curriculum 28 Sole Day-Time Student; TA; Attending Various Classes 29 Applying to Other Schools, and to Industry 29 Accepted: Johns Hopkins, Princeton; Professors’ Help 30 Louisville Professor’s Master’s Degree 31 VII THE PRINCETON EXPERIENCE AS AN IMMIGRANT STUDENT 33 Painful Differences in Preparation 33 Engineering Library, Lectures, Catching Up 34 First Year Learning, Accomplishments; Marriage at Home 36 Oral Qualifying Exams and Questions on Thermal Radiation 6 Acting Assistant Professor, Berkeley, and the Push to Radiation 38 Princeton Living Quarters, Housemates 40 Driving to New York City 41 VIII OPTIONS, PRESSURES, AND THE ROAD TO UC BERKELEY 43 Letters of Application and Offers 43 Facing the Need to Keep Improving English 44 “You Have to Go to Berkeley” 44 Acting Assistant Professor 45 IX UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FACULTY POST, 1959-1969 46 Di-Hwa Flies to New York, Wedding 46 Driving Across the U.S. 46 The Search for Housing: “No Negroes, No Orientals” 47 Office Assignment and Generation Gap 48 Learning American Slang and Work Habits 49 Wake-Up Call for Report on Research 50 Changes in Administrative Styles 51 Moving to Radiation; Assistant Professor, 1960 52 Offers Back East, and Almost Leaving Berkeley 52 Hard Work and a Distinguished Teaching Award, 1962 53 Associate Professor at Twenty-eight, 1964 54 The Teaching/Research Connection 57 Full Professor, 1968 5 7 FSM, Shared Governance, Social Responsibility 58 Shifts in Structure, Faculties of Mechanical Engineering 59 X ADMINISTRATION: EXPANDING RESPONSIBILITIES AND INVOLVEMENT 61 Division Chairman, 1969-1972 61 Personal Political Transformation 61 Demands to Reconstitute the University, 1969-1971 62 Issues: Classified Defense or Military Research, DOD [Department of Defense] Funds and Quid Pro Quo 63 Lobbying to Abolish Department's Four Divisions 64 Sabbatical, then Department Chair, 1974-1981 65 Activities: Academic Senate Committees; Curriculum Change 65 Faculty Visit to China; Taiwan; Blacklist 66 CIA, FBI, Status, Bias, Prejudice, Stereotype 68 Worldwide Travel 72 Dubrovnik International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer 72 Patterns of Travel: ’60s, ’70s, ’80s 73 Munich; von Humboldt Foundation Senior U.S. Scientist Prize 73 Sabbatical Leave, 1965; Guggenheim Fellowship, 1966 75 Consultant to Industry and Government 75 National Academy of Engineering, Member, 1976; Loyalty to Berkeley 79 Innovative Berkeley Campus Programs, and Administration 80 Vice Chancellor for Research, 1983-1985; the Pull of Academic Interests; Some Consequences for Students 83 Recruiting Scholarship Students in China 85 Irvine: Executive Vice Chancellor, Distinguished Professor, 1988-1990 86 XI CHANCELLOR, UC BERKELEY, 1990-1997 90 Di-Hwa’s Presence at the Job Interview 90 Silence, then the Peltason Note 91 Berkeley Press Conference, Death Threats 92 Transition: Advice, Timing, House Sale 93 Search Committee Process 94 Image, Attitudes, Research Concerns 95 Questions of Berkeley FTE, Professorship 97 Finding Ways to Continue Research, Teaching 97 Micromanaging
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