Presentazione Standard Di Powerpoint

ENGLISH LANGUAGE 92105 - BACHELOR'S DEGREE PROGRAMME COMMUNICATION SCIENCES

67041 - MASTER‘S DEGREE PROGRAMME LITERARY STUDIES

Prof. Eleonora Natalia Ravizza [email protected] Room 4, First Floor, San Tomaso English Language I- Week 6 WRITTEN EXAM PREPARATION The written examination

COMPUTER-BASED NO DICTIONARY TIME LIMIT: 55 MINUTES USE YOUR TIME WISELY!!!! The written examination

In order to pass the examination you have to answer at least 60% of the questions correctly The written examination

- LISTENING COMPREHENSION - USE OF ENGLISH - READING COMPREHENSION The written examination

- LISTENING COMPREHENSION - USE OF ENGLISH - READING COMPREHENSION USE OF ENGLISH

HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE “USE OF ENGLISH” SECTION? USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations

TIME AND TIME MANAGEMENT USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations

learning a foreign language requires TIME and PRACTICE USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations

ALSO, you must learn to manage your time well DURING the TEST USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations ALSO, you must learn to manage your time well DURING the TEST Before reading the options, you should know exactly what rule you need to apply USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations

Learn the rules in a SYSTEMATIC WAY USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations

ESTABLISH YOUR PRIORITIES!!! USE OF ENGLISH

WHAT TOPICS ARE USUALLY ASKED IN THE USE OF ENGLISH SECTION? USE OF ENGLISH

We could divide the “Use of English” section into two main parts: - GRAMMAR - VOCABULARY USE OF ENGLISH

List of the grammar topics that you will find in the written test As you read it, try to group the topics sensibly and to establish your priorities - Non-countables - Noun phrase/ - Interrogative - Clause structure/ Quantifiers clauses adv. Clauses - Noun phrase/ - passive (present - Clause structure/ intensifiers and continuous conjunctions - Noun phrase/ tenses) - Clause structure/ adjective order - short answers concessives - Noun phrase: - verb tenses - Indirect speech pronouns (reflexive/ - verb reciprocal) - Clause structures/ complementatio Wh-words - Modal auxiliary verbs n (verb + to/ inf.) - Clause structure/ - Conditional sentences - verb comp. (verb WISH - Verb complementation + obj. + inf.) - Noun phrase - Verb phrase - - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) - Determiners (The/ Adverbials A/ Zero article) - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - “far fare” USE OF ENGLISH

3 main categories - CLAUSE STRUCTURE (sintassi) - VERB PHRASE (sintagma verbale) - NOUN PHRASE (sintagma nominale) - Non-countables - Noun phrase/ - Interrogative - Clause structure/ Quantifiers clauses adv. Clauses - Noun phrase/ - passive (present - Clause structure/ intensifiers and continuous conjunctions - Noun phrase/ tenses) - Clause structure/ adjective order - short answers concessives - Noun phrase: - verb tenses - Indirect speech pronouns (reflexive/ - verb reciprocal) - Clause structures/ complementatio Wh-words - Modal auxiliary verbs n (verb + to/ inf.) - Clause structure/ - Conditional sentences - verb comp. (verb WISH - Verb complementation + obj. + inf.) - Noun phrase - Verb phrase - - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) - Determiners (The/ Adverbials A/ Zero article) - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - “far fare” Modal auxiliary verbs - Non-countables - Verb complementation - Noun phrase - Clause structure/ adv. Clauses - Verb phrase – - Determiners (The/ Adverbials A/ Zero article) - Clause structure/ conjunctions - passive (present and - Noun phrase/ continuous tenses) Quantifiers - Clause structure/ concessives - verb tenses - Noun phrase/ intensifiers - Indirect speech - verb complementation (verb + to/ inf.) - Noun phrase/ - Clause structures/ adjective order Wh-words - verb comp. (verb + obj. + inf.) - Noun phrase: - Clause structure/ pronouns WISH - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) (reflexive/ - Conditional reciprocal) sentences - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - Interrogative clauses - “far fare” - short answers Modal auxiliary verbs - Verb complementation - Verb phrase – Adverbials - passive (present and continuous tenses) - verb tenses - verb complementation (verb + to/ inf.) - verb comp. (verb + obj. + inf.) - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - “far fare” VERB PHRASE: PRIORITIES

1. VERB TENSES 2. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS 3. PASSIVE (PRESENT AND CONTINUOUS TENSES) (FUTURE/ MODAL AUXILIARIES) 4. “FAR FARE” 5. VERB COMPLEMENTATION (VERB + TO/ INF – VERB + OBJ + INF – VERB + DIRECT/ INDIRECT OBJECT and ADVERBIALS) VERB TENSES How to use MODAL VERBS

How to use MODAL VERBS ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANS the house Once a week, the house ______by Tom PAST SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANED the house Once a week, the house ______by Tom FUTURE SIMPLE Once a week, Tom WILL CLEAN the house Once a week, the house ______by Tom ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANS the house Once a week, the house __IS CLEANED__ by Tom PAST SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANED the house Once a week, the house _WAS CLEANED_ by Tom FUTURE SIMPLE Once a week, Tom WILL CLEAN the house Once a week, the house __WILL BE CLEANED_ by Tom ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS Right now, Jane IS WRITING a letter Right now, a letter ______by Jane PAST CONTINUOUS Right then, Jane WAS WRITING a letter Right then, a letter ______by Jane FUTURE CONTINUOUS At this time tomorrow, Jane WILL BE WRITING a letter At this time tomorrow, a letter ______by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS Right now, Jane IS WRITING a letter Right now, a letter _IS BEING WRITTEN_ by Jane PAST CONTINUOUS Right then, Jane WAS WRITING a letter Right then, a letter _WAS BEING WRITTEN_ by Jane FUTURE CONTINUOUS At this time tomorrow, Jane WILL BE WRITING a letter At this time tomorrow, a letter _WILL BE BEING WRITTEN_ by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT PERFECT Jane HAS just COMPLETED a project A project _____ just ______by Jane PAST PERFECT Jane HAD just COMPLETED a project A project ___ just ______by Jane FUTURE PERFECT BY this time tomorrow, Jane WILL HAVE COMPLETED a project BY this time tomorrow, a project ______by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT PERFECT Jane HAS just COMPLETED a project A project _HAS_ just _BEEN COMPLETED_ by Jane PAST PERFECT Jane HAD just COMPLETED a project A project _HAD_ just _BEEN COMPLETED_ by Jane FUTURE PERFECT BY this time tomorrow, Jane WILL HAVE COMPLETED a project BY this time tomorrow, a project _WILL HAVE BEEN COMPLETED_ by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Recently Jane HAS BEEN DOING the work Recently the work ______by Jane PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS Jane HAD BEEN DOING the work for a month The work ______by Jane for a month FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS Jane WILL HAVE BEEN DOING the work for a month by the time it's finished The work ______by Jane for a month by the time it's finished ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Recently Jane HAS BEEN DOING the work Recently the work HAS BEEN BEING DONE by Jane PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS Jane HAD BEEN DOING the work for a month The work HAD BEEN BEING DONE by Jane for a month FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS Jane WILL HAVE BEEN DOING the work for a month by the time it's finished The work WILL HAVE BEEN BEING DONE by Jane for a month by the time it's finished VERB PHRASE: PRIORITIES

4. “FAR FARE” “FAR FARE”

L’espressione italiana “far fare qualcosa a qualcuno” può avere diverse sfumature di significato: “FAR FARE”

“GLI HO FATTO FARE I COMPITI” “FAR FARE”

GLI HO FATTO FARE I COMPITI

(l’ho costretto a) (l’ho convinto a) (gli ho dato il permesso di) “FAR FARE”

GLI HO FATTO FARE I COMPITI (l’ho costretto a) I MADE HIM DO HIS HOMEWORK (l’ho convinto a) I GOT HIM TO DO HIS HOMEWORK (gli ho dato il permesso di) I LET HIM DO HIS HOMEWORK “FAR FARE”

SHE MADE ME WRITE A REPORT (= mi ha costretto)

SHE HAD ME WRITE A REPORT (= mi ha assegnato un incarico, mi ha dato una responsabilità) “FAR FARE”

MAKE: AZIONE INVOLONTARIA

The film made me laugh “FAR FARE” Se il verbo fare è seguito da un infinito di valore passivo (farsi fare qualcosa/ far sì che qualcosa venga fatto) in inglese possiamo avere la seguente costruzione: soggetto + have/ get + compl. oggetto + part. passato del verbo I had my car repaired. (Mi sono fatto riparare la macchina). Sarah is having her eyes tested. (Sarah si sta facendo controllare la vista). Will you get this report translated? (Ti farai tradurre questa relazione?) “FAR FARE” Se il verbo fare è alla forma passiva, abbiamo le seguenti costruzioni a seconda del significato: Costrizione: soggetto + be made + to + forma base del verbo “FAR FARE”

Costrizione:

FORMA ATTIVA FORMA PASSIVA

They made him pay for the He was made to pay for the damage. damage.

Gli hanno fatto pagare il Gli è stato fatto pagare il danno danno “FAR FARE” Se il verbo fare è alla forma passiva, abbiamo le seguenti costruzioni a seconda del significato:

PERMESSO soggetto + be allowed + to + forma base del verbo “FAR FARE”

Costrizione: FORMA ATTIVA FORMA PASSIVA

Mum didn’t let Ann go Ann was not allowed out. to go out. La mamma non ha Ann non è stata fatta lasciato uscire Ann uscire/ Non è stato permesso ad Ann di uscire FAR FARE - free online practice CAUSATIVE VERBS

- http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html -https://www.espressoenglish.net/causative-verbs-in-english-let-make-have-get- help/ - http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/let-and-make.html - http://www.skuola.net/grammatica-inglese/have-get-something-done.html - http://www.grammaticainglese.net/havesomethingdone.html

-...... - Non-countables - Noun phrase - Determiners (The/ A/ Zero article) - Noun phrase/ Quantifiers - Noun phrase/ intensifiers - Noun phrase/ adjective order - Noun phrase: pronouns (reflexive/ reciprocal) THE NOUN PHRASE

1. NOUNS (COUNTABLE vs UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS) AND PRONOUNS 2. OTHER ELEMENTS IN THE NOUN PHRASE (DEPENDENTS) » ARTICLES » QUANTIFIERS » ADJECTIVE (SUPERLATIVE AND COMPARATIVE FORMS - INTENSIFIERS) Ex. 14 MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF/ LOTS

1. This cereal is called „Fruit an Fibre“, but honestly, I can't see ______fruit/fruits in it at all besides a few raisins. 2. She claims she has_____ friend/friends, but I don't think she's being honest. 3. I hear you're doing a report on American politics. Have you been able to find _____ information/ informations on the internet? 4. I haven't seen _____ film/films this past year. Nothing has really interested me..... Ex. 14 MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF/ LOTS

1. This cereal is called „Fruit an Fibre“, but honestly, I can't see _MUCH_ fruit in it at all besides a few raisins. 2. She claims she has_A LOT OF/LOTS OF_friends, but I don't think she's being honest. 3. I hear you're doing a report on American politics. Have you been able to find _MUCH_information on the internet? 4. I haven't seen MANY films this past year. Nothing has really interested me..... Ex. 13 FEW, A FEW, LITTLE, A LITTLE, MUCH, MANY

1. ____ is known about the silver-spotted skipper, a rare butterfly found only in the south of England. 2. In spite of what I have been told, this website does not provide______practical information. 3. Students often have ______basic questions even if they've understood the lesson. 4. He never drinks spirits or beer, but he does drink _____ wine now and then. 5 Even her ______remaining friends have become increasingly intolerant of her irresponsible behaviour. 6. There are too ______staff in this department. Ex. 13 FEW, A FEW, LITTLE, A LITTLE, MUCH, MANY

1. LITTLE is known about the silver-spotted skipper, a rare butterfly found only in the south of England. 2. In spite of what I have been told, this website does not provide__MUCH_ practical information. 3. Students often have _A FEW_ basic questions even if they've understood the lesson. 4. He never drinks spirits or beer, but he does drink _A LITTLE_ wine now and then. 5 Even her __FEW_ remaining friends have become increasingly intolerant of her irresponsible behaviour. 6. There are too _MANY__ staff in this department. Are the following sentences grammatical?

1. There are less people here than promised to come.

2. Much less water flooded into the house than I expected.

3. A great deal of students went to the concert.

4. A great number of advices were given to the students. Are the following sentences grammatical?

1. There are less people here than promised to come. NO

2. Much less water flooded into the house than I expected. YES

3. A great deal of students went to the concert. NO

4. A great number of advices were given to the students. NO Are the following sentences grammatical?

1. There are FEWER people here than promised to come.

2. Much less water flooded into the house than I expected. YES

3. A great NUMBER of students went to the concert.

4. A great DEAL of ADVICE WAS given to the students. HOW TO ORDER ADJECTIVES

1.Quantity or number 2. Quality or opinion 3. Size 4. Age 5. Shape 6. Color 7. Proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material) 8. Purpose or qualifier 1. HOW TO ORDER ADJECTIVES

• Examples:

• My sister adopted a beautiful big white bulldog. [opinion – size – colour]

• I have bought some slim new French trousers [dimension – age – proper adjective

• I love that really big old green antique car that always parked at the end of the street.[quality – age – size – colour – proper adjective] HOW TO ORDER ADJECTIVES