DOCSLIB.ORG

Presentazione Standard Di Powerpoint

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Presentazione Standard Di Powerpoint ENGLISH LANGUAGE 92105 - BACHELOR'S DEGREE PROGRAMME COMMUNICATION SCIENCES 67041 - MASTER‘S DEGREE PROGRAMME LITERARY STUDIES Prof. Eleonora Natalia Ravizza [email protected] Room 4, First Floor, San Tomaso English Language I- Week 6 WRITTEN EXAM PREPARATION The written examination COMPUTER-BASED NO DICTIONARY TIME LIMIT: 55 MINUTES USE YOUR TIME WISELY!!!! The written examination In order to pass the examination you have to answer at least 60% of the questions correctly The written examination - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - USE OF ENGLISH - READING COMPREHENSION The written examination - LISTENING COMPREHENSION - USE OF ENGLISH - READING COMPREHENSION USE OF ENGLISH HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE “USE OF ENGLISH” SECTION? USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations TIME AND TIME MANAGEMENT USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations learning a foreign language requires TIME and PRACTICE USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations ALSO, you must learn to manage your time well DURING the TEST USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations ALSO, you must learn to manage your time well DURING the TEST Before reading the options, you should know exactly what rule you need to apply USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations Learn the rules in a SYSTEMATIC WAY USE OF ENGLISH – General recommendations ESTABLISH YOUR PRIORITIES!!! USE OF ENGLISH WHAT TOPICS ARE USUALLY ASKED IN THE USE OF ENGLISH SECTION? USE OF ENGLISH We could divide the “Use of English” section into two main parts: - GRAMMAR - VOCABULARY USE OF ENGLISH We could divide the “Use of English” section into two main parts: - GRAMMAR - VOCABULARY USE OF ENGLISH List of the grammar topics that you will find in the written test As you read it, try to group the topics sensibly and to establish your priorities - Non-countables - Noun phrase/ - Interrogative - Clause structure/ Quantifiers clauses adv. Clauses - Noun phrase/ - passive (present - Clause structure/ intensifiers and continuous conjunctions - Noun phrase/ tenses) - Clause structure/ adjective order - short answers concessives - Noun phrase: - verb tenses - Indirect speech pronouns (reflexive/ - verb reciprocal) - Clause structures/ complementatio Wh-words - Modal auxiliary verbs n (verb + to/ inf.) - Clause structure/ - Conditional sentences - verb comp. (verb WISH - Verb complementation + obj. + inf.) - Noun phrase - Verb phrase - - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) - Determiners (The/ Adverbials A/ Zero article) - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - “far fare” USE OF ENGLISH 3 main categories - CLAUSE STRUCTURE (sintassi) - VERB PHRASE (sintagma verbale) - NOUN PHRASE (sintagma nominale) - Non-countables - Noun phrase/ - Interrogative - Clause structure/ Quantifiers clauses adv. Clauses - Noun phrase/ - passive (present - Clause structure/ intensifiers and continuous conjunctions - Noun phrase/ tenses) - Clause structure/ adjective order - short answers concessives - Noun phrase: - verb tenses - Indirect speech pronouns (reflexive/ - verb reciprocal) - Clause structures/ complementatio Wh-words - Modal auxiliary verbs n (verb + to/ inf.) - Clause structure/ - Conditional sentences - verb comp. (verb WISH - Verb complementation + obj. + inf.) - Noun phrase - Verb phrase - - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) - Determiners (The/ Adverbials A/ Zero article) - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - “far fare” Modal auxiliary verbs - Non-countables - Verb complementation - Noun phrase - Clause structure/ adv. Clauses - Verb phrase – - Determiners (The/ Adverbials A/ Zero article) - Clause structure/ conjunctions - passive (present and - Noun phrase/ continuous tenses) Quantifiers - Clause structure/ concessives - verb tenses - Noun phrase/ intensifiers - Indirect speech - verb complementation (verb + to/ inf.) - Noun phrase/ - Clause structures/ adjective order Wh-words - verb comp. (verb + obj. + inf.) - Noun phrase: - Clause structure/ pronouns WISH - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) (reflexive/ - Conditional reciprocal) sentences - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - Interrogative clauses - “far fare” - short answers Modal auxiliary verbs - Verb complementation - Verb phrase – Adverbials - passive (present and continuous tenses) - verb tenses - verb complementation (verb + to/ inf.) - verb comp. (verb + obj. + inf.) - verb comp. (dir/ ind. object) - passive (fut./ modal aux.) - “far fare” VERB PHRASE: PRIORITIES 1. VERB TENSES 2. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS 3. PASSIVE (PRESENT AND CONTINUOUS TENSES) (FUTURE/ MODAL AUXILIARIES) 4. “FAR FARE” 5. VERB COMPLEMENTATION (VERB + TO/ INF – VERB + OBJ + INF – VERB + DIRECT/ INDIRECT OBJECT and ADVERBIALS) VERB TENSES How to use MODAL VERBS How to use MODAL VERBS ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANS the house Once a week, the house ______ by Tom PAST SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANED the house Once a week, the house _________ by Tom FUTURE SIMPLE Once a week, Tom WILL CLEAN the house Once a week, the house __________ by Tom ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANS the house Once a week, the house __IS CLEANED__ by Tom PAST SIMPLE Once a week, Tom CLEANED the house Once a week, the house _WAS CLEANED_ by Tom FUTURE SIMPLE Once a week, Tom WILL CLEAN the house Once a week, the house __WILL BE CLEANED_ by Tom ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS Right now, Jane IS WRITING a letter Right now, a letter _______ by Jane PAST CONTINUOUS Right then, Jane WAS WRITING a letter Right then, a letter _______ by Jane FUTURE CONTINUOUS At this time tomorrow, Jane WILL BE WRITING a letter At this time tomorrow, a letter _________ by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT CONTINUOUS Right now, Jane IS WRITING a letter Right now, a letter _IS BEING WRITTEN_ by Jane PAST CONTINUOUS Right then, Jane WAS WRITING a letter Right then, a letter _WAS BEING WRITTEN_ by Jane FUTURE CONTINUOUS At this time tomorrow, Jane WILL BE WRITING a letter At this time tomorrow, a letter _WILL BE BEING WRITTEN_ by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT PERFECT Jane HAS just COMPLETED a project A project _____ just ______ by Jane PAST PERFECT Jane HAD just COMPLETED a project A project ___ just ______ by Jane FUTURE PERFECT BY this time tomorrow, Jane WILL HAVE COMPLETED a project BY this time tomorrow, a project _________ by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT PERFECT Jane HAS just COMPLETED a project A project _HAS_ just _BEEN COMPLETED_ by Jane PAST PERFECT Jane HAD just COMPLETED a project A project _HAD_ just _BEEN COMPLETED_ by Jane FUTURE PERFECT BY this time tomorrow, Jane WILL HAVE COMPLETED a project BY this time tomorrow, a project _WILL HAVE BEEN COMPLETED_ by Jane ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Recently Jane HAS BEEN DOING the work Recently the work ______________by Jane PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS Jane HAD BEEN DOING the work for a month The work ________________by Jane for a month FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS Jane WILL HAVE BEEN DOING the work for a month by the time it's finished The work _______________by Jane for a month by the time it's finished ACTIVE FORM VS PASSIVE FORM PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Recently Jane HAS BEEN DOING the work Recently the work HAS BEEN BEING DONE by Jane PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS Jane HAD BEEN DOING the work for a month The work HAD BEEN BEING DONE by Jane for a month FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS Jane WILL HAVE BEEN DOING the work for a month by the time it's finished The work WILL HAVE BEEN BEING DONE by Jane for a month by the time it's finished VERB PHRASE: PRIORITIES 4. “FAR FARE” “FAR FARE” L’espressione italiana “far fare qualcosa a qualcuno” può avere diverse sfumature di significato: “FAR FARE” “GLI HO FATTO FARE I COMPITI” “FAR FARE” GLI HO FATTO FARE I COMPITI (l’ho costretto a) (l’ho convinto a) (gli ho dato il permesso di) “FAR FARE” GLI HO FATTO FARE I COMPITI (l’ho costretto a) I MADE HIM DO HIS HOMEWORK (l’ho convinto a) I GOT HIM TO DO HIS HOMEWORK (gli ho dato il permesso di) I LET HIM DO HIS HOMEWORK “FAR FARE” SHE MADE ME WRITE A REPORT (= mi ha costretto) SHE HAD ME WRITE A REPORT (= mi ha assegnato un incarico, mi ha dato una responsabilità) “FAR FARE” MAKE: AZIONE INVOLONTARIA The film made me laugh “FAR FARE” Se il verbo fare è seguito da un infinito di valore passivo (farsi fare qualcosa/ far sì che qualcosa venga fatto) in inglese possiamo avere la seguente costruzione: soggetto + have/ get + compl. oggetto + part. passato del verbo I had my car repaired. (Mi sono fatto riparare la macchina). Sarah is having her eyes tested. (Sarah si sta facendo controllare la vista). Will you get this report translated? (Ti farai tradurre questa relazione?) “FAR FARE” Se il verbo fare è alla forma passiva, abbiamo le seguenti costruzioni a seconda del significato: Costrizione: soggetto + be made + to + forma base del verbo “FAR FARE” Costrizione: FORMA ATTIVA FORMA PASSIVA They made him pay for the He was made to pay for the damage. damage. Gli hanno fatto pagare il Gli è stato fatto pagare il danno danno “FAR FARE” Se il verbo fare è alla forma passiva, abbiamo le seguenti costruzioni a seconda del significato: PERMESSO soggetto + be allowed + to + forma base del verbo “FAR FARE” Costrizione: FORMA ATTIVA FORMA PASSIVA Mum didn’t let Ann go Ann was not allowed out. to go out. La mamma non ha Ann non è stata fatta lasciato uscire Ann uscire/ Non è stato permesso ad Ann di uscire FAR FARE - free online practice CAUSATIVE VERBS - http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html -https://www.espressoenglish.net/causative-verbs-in-english-let-make-have-get- help/ - http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/let-and-make.html - http://www.skuola.net/grammatica-inglese/have-get-something-done.html - http://www.grammaticainglese.net/havesomethingdone.html -.......... - Non-countables - Noun phrase - Determiners (The/ A/ Zero article) - Noun phrase/ Quantifiers - Noun phrase/ intensifiers - Noun phrase/ adjective order - Noun phrase: pronouns (reflexive/ reciprocal) THE NOUN PHRASE 1. NOUNS (COUNTABLE vs UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS) AND PRONOUNS 2. OTHER ELEMENTS IN THE NOUN PHRASE (DEPENDENTS) » ARTICLES » QUANTIFIERS » ADJECTIVE (SUPERLATIVE AND COMPARATIVE FORMS - INTENSIFIERS) Ex. 14 MUCH, MANY, A LOT OF/ LOTS 1. This cereal is called „Fruit an Fibre“, but honestly, I can't see ______ fruit/fruits in it at all besides a few raisins.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Perfect Tenses 8.Pdf
    Name Date Lesson 7 Perfect Tenses Teaching The present perfect tense shows an action or condition that began in the past and continues into the present. Present Perfect Dan has called every day this week. The past perfect tense shows an action or condition in the past that came before another action or condition in the past. Past Perfect Dan had called before Ellen arrived. The future perfect tense shows an action or condition in the future that will occur before another action or condition in the future. Future Perfect Dan will have called before Ellen arrives. To form the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses, add has, have, had, or will have to the past participle. Tense Singular Plural Present Perfect I have called we have called has or have + past participle you have called you have called he, she, it has called they have called Past Perfect I had called we had called had + past participle you had called you had called he, she, it had called they had called CHAPTER 4 Future Perfect I will have called we will have called will + have + past participle you will have called you will have called he, she, it will have called they will have called Recognizing the Perfect Tenses Underline the verb in each sentence. On the blank, write the tense of the verb. 1. The film house has not developed the pictures yet. _______________________ 2. Fred will have left before Erin’s arrival. _______________________ 3. Florence has been a vary gracious hostess. _______________________ 4. Andi had lost her transfer by the end of the bus ride.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Reference
    Language reference Unit 1 | Tenses Past perfect Present simple Use the past perfect to put events in the past in sequence. The past perfect indicates that the action it refers to happened before a Use the present simple reference to the past simple. 1 to talk about general facts, states, and situations I had heard from the locals that there were several interesting sites. The purpose of business is to make a profit. 2 to talk about regular or repeated actions, or permanent situations Past perfect continuous Jack works for Nissan. Use the past perfect continuous to refer to an action in progress before something else happened. 3 to talk about timetabled future events He was the one who had been working on the project, but his boss The meeting starts at 10.00. was the one who got all the credit. Present continuous Should Use the present continuous 1 Use should + infinitive to recommend something strongly. 1 to talk about an action in progress at the time of speaking / You should try that vegetarian restaurant on the river. writing 2 Use should + perfect infinitive to talk about a lost opportunity. I’m trying to get through to Jon Berks. You should have gone this morning – it was quite an interesting 2 to talk about a very current activity, taking place around the time meeting. of speaking 3 Use could / should + infinitive to predict. They are pushing the area for development. It could / should turn out to be quite an interesting conference. 3 to talk about fixed plans or arrangements in the future I am meeting the management committee on Friday.
    [Show full text]
  • Grammar 4 – the Perfect Tenses the Present Perfect – an Introduction
    Grammar 4 – The Perfect Tenses Welcome to a minefield! No, it’s not all that bad really, although gaining mastery of the Perfect Tense system is something which many students find difficult. Some students master the present and past, and appear to embrace the future forms with relative ease, yet fail to comprehend how and when to use the Perfect Tenses. We have seen many a good intermediate student fail to make additional progress because they have been unable to get to grips with this tense. So what is it all about? In this section we will look at 3 perfect forms; Past, Present and Future. The Present Perfect – an introduction The Present Perfect is a way of linking the past to the present. Whether it exists in other languages or not, it is a traditionally difficult concept for students to grasp and a notorious bugbear for teachers. A good sign of fluency in the English language is the ability to use it correctly. Do not attempt to teach the Present Perfect without the aid of a good grammar book (at least until you are familiar with it - we recommend ‘The Good Grammar Book’ by Swan). It is worth ensuring you become familiar with this tense as common interview questions for jobs include the following: ‘Describe the 3 uses of the Present Perfect’ ‘How would you approach a lesson on the Present Perfect?’ ‘How would you explain the difference between the Past Simple and the Present Perfect Tenses to a class?’ By the end of this module you should be able to answer these questions.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Regular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect
    Regular Verbs with sound of /t/ Regular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses This is a list of Regular Verbs. These verbs use -ed for the simple past tense and the past participle. The –ed ending sounds like /t/ I will read the base form, the simple past tense and the past participle of the verb. Then, I will read the verb in three sentences, a simple present tense sentence, a simple past tense sentence and a present perfect tense sentence. There will be time for you to repeat the verbs and sentences. Try it, it is good practice! Base Past Past Participle Sentences Ask asked asked Simple present tense The teacher asks questions every day. Simple past tense The teacher asked questions yesterday. Present perfect tense The teacher has asked questions since class began. Bake baked baked Simple present tense She bakes a cake every week. Simple past tense She baked a cake last night. Present perfect tense She has baked a cake every week for many years. Cook cooked cooked Simple present tense I cook dinner every night. Simple past tense I cooked dinner last night. Present perfect tense I have cooked dinner every night for two weeks. Cough coughed coughed Simple present tense Abdullahi coughs a lot because he is sick. Simple past tense Abdullahi coughed a lot because he was sick. Present perfect tense Abdullahi has coughed a lot for almost a week. Clap clapped clapped Simple present tense The children always clap their hands. Simple past tense The children clapped their hands 10 minutes ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Irregular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses
    Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses This is a list of Irregular Verbs. I will read the base form, the simple past tense and the past participle of the verb. Then, I will read the verb in three sentences, a simple present tense sentence, a simple past tense sentence and a present perfect tense sentence. There will be time for you to repeat the verbs and sentences. Try it, it is good practice! Base Past Past Participle Sentences Be was / were been Simple present tense I am in class now. Simple past tense I was in class yesterday. Present perfect tense I have been in class since 6:30pm. Become became become Simple present tense Many people become U.S. citizens every year. Simple past tense My sister became a U.S. citizen last month. Present perfect tense My sister has just become a U.S. citizen. Begin began begun Simple present tense We begin class at 8:30am every day. Simple past tense We began class at 8:30am yesterday Present perfect tense We have just begun class. Bend bent bent Simple present tense Maria always bends the straw. Simple past tense Maria bent the straw and put it in the can of soda. Present perfect tense Maria has bent the straw many times. Bite bit bitten Simple present tense Some dogs bite people Simple past tense A dog bit a man yesterday. Present perfect tense Those dogs have bitten people a few times. 1 Irregular Verbs Base Past Past participle Sentences Blow blew blown Simple present tense The wind blows all the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Using a Two-Tense Verb System
    GRAMMAR AND MECHANICS Using a Two-Tense Verb System One of the major challenges encountered in academic writing for both native and non-native speakers of English is being able to master the complexities of the verb system. Having the ability to demonstrate an awareness of the proper use and application of verb forms and tenses is therefore a critical element in becoming a successful academic writer. Incorporating regular and irregular verbs, the verb system can be confusing and difficult to negotiate. Consequently, in order to have a better understanding of the verb system, it is helpful to simplify verb usage to a basic formula. All verbs with the exception of “be” have five forms, which in turn create tenses: the base form, the “-s” form, the “-ing” form, the past tense, and the past participle. In Standard English there are three main verb tenses: past, present, and future; in addition, there are simple, perfect, and progressive forms for each of the three main verb tenses. However, most linguists agree that English can be more easily approached as a two-tense verb system, present and past. Looking at the verb system this way is both simpler and more suitable to the actual structure of the language. FORMING THE TWO-TENSE VERB SYSTEM Standard English is structured around a time frame of either “then” (the past), referring to actions that are completed, or “now” (the present), referring to actions that are not completed. All other verbs, including simple, perfect, and progressive forms are expressed in relationship to one of these two time frames; they refer to “before,” “during,” and “after” the main time frame, and they all contain either a present tense or a past tense form.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book
    THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Contents .............................................................................4 7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects ........................................................................45 TO THE TEACHER ........................................................6 cut up.....................................................................45 hold up ..................................................................46 let out ....................................................................46 TO THE STUDENT .........................................................7 point out ................................................................47 run over .................................................................47 see about................................................................48 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal take in....................................................................48 verbs.............................................................................9 8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs .............54 come from...............................................................9 figure out...............................................................10 burn out .................................................................54 give back...............................................................10 fall over .................................................................55 look for..................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Present Perfect Always Examples
    Present Perfect Always Examples Dedal and inhibiting Niall never dart his forewind! Is Peirce unspelled or unsustainable after compensative Walsh marvelled so disgustedly? When Ivor coup his grudges besotting not sternwards enough, is Mackenzie dotty? Greek for three years by the end of this term. There was watching a valid email registration is always present perfect tenses can be your best friend________________we were completed past perfect verb tense in the exercises. Pablo has looking a thwart of via to the sister. Learn how frequent use the opportunity Perfect Spanish tense with a simple formula. Tom has worked here lest he finished his studies. Always around all the picture what outside of words are these. Thames with its dark bridges. Remember that British and American English have different rules for commercial use of the recipe perfect. Present Perfect definition with Present long Term is without present our form. Sorry it the interruption. Past perfect refers to spoil two things that problem already happened relate. If students to. If it means most frequently uses of good school today and language with native speaker is a repeated. The tower is safe from falling now. Present its Content Frame. We may be present. By posting of present perfect always adjectives, so this example, or begin promptly at an idea of dickens very carefully to? When those we starve the spawn can t? You always present tense examples above example: we will avoid it will result of crying, you like to? Notice that month, present perfect tense expresses an example, competitions and intransitive verb is also use present perfect.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Form the Present Perfect
    www.espressoenglish.net The present perfect verb tense is a little difficult in English – it is used in several different ways, and there are lots of rules to remember. This lesson will teach you everything you ever wanted to know about the present perfect – try the four quizzes with grammar exercises in each section! How to form the Present Perfect Present Perfect Positive SUBJECT HAVE / HAS PAST PARTICIPLE I / you / we / they have written he / she / it has written Note: In spoken English, it’s common to use the contraction: • I’ve written three books. • We’ve already seen that movie • Barbara’s forgotten her cell phone. • He’s just woken up. In this case, he’s, she’s, Barbara’s, etc. mean he has, she has , and Barbara has, not he is, she is, or Barbara is. Present Perfect Negative SUBJECT HAVEN’T / HASN’T PAST PARTICIPLE I / you / we / they haven’t seen he / she / it hasn’t seen Espresso English: Fun, fast, online English lessons www.espressoenglish.net www.espressoenglish.net Examples: • I haven’t seen John this week. • Mary hasn’t come to class for the past two days. Present Perfect Questions HAVE / HAS SUBJECT PAST PARTICIPLE Have I / you / we / they finished? Has he / she / it finished? Examples: • Have you finished the project yet? • Has George ever been to New York? How to answer present perfect questions: • Have you been to London? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. • Has Alex met Miriam yet? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. • Have the results of the election been announced? Yes, they have.
    [Show full text]
  • Verb Tenses: Past, Present, and Future
    • When writing, it is important to be consistent in verb tense usage. • There are three basic forms of verb tenses: past, present, and future. Simple and Perfect forms of these verbs are also used. o The simple form of a verb demonstrates an action that has a specific time duration. • The action has occurred, is going on now, or will happen in the future. o The perfect form of a verb is used to show variations in time. • These variations include ongoing events, a sequence of events, or events that have a continued effect on a situation. • Perfect tenses include the past, present, or future form of “have” plus the past tense form of the verb. Each example is followed with an explanation of what the sentence means. o Simple Past tense: I jogged to my car. I jogged to my car and stopped when I got there. The action occurred and ended, and no other events occurred at the same time. o Past Perfect tense: I had jogged to my car only to realize I forgot my keys in the office. I jogged to my car and stopped, but another event (realizing I forgot my keys) occurred directly after the first action. Each example is followed with an explanation of what the sentence means. o Simple Present tense: I jog to my car. I jog at a certain point in time and stop. No other actions take place at this time. o Present Perfect tense: I have jogged to my car. I have jogged to my car in the past and the action continues to occur; other actions may take place at the same time.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case for 'Be Going To' As Prospective Aspect
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2011 A Case for 'be going to' as Prospective Aspect Sara E. Schroeder The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Schroeder, Sara E., "A Case for 'be going to' as Prospective Aspect" (2011). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 21. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/21 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Case for be going to as Prospective Aspect By SARA ELIZABETH SCHROEDER Bachelor of Arts in Classical Studies and History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa 2004 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2011 Approved by: Perry Brown, Associate Provost for Graduate Education Graduate School Dr. Leora Bar-el Linguistics Dr. Tully Thibeau Linguistics Dr. Irene Appelbaum Linguistics Schroeder, Sara, M.A. in Linguistics, Spring 2011 Linguistics A Case For be going to as Prospective Aspect Chairperson: Dr. Leora Bar-el The focus of this thesis is the feature of current relevance as it is expressed by the English present perfect and the present be going to construction.
    [Show full text]
  • (27)Using Approp. Verb Tense
    Adapted from The Bedford Handbook Using the appropriate verb tense Seventh Edition Tenses indicate the time of an action in relation to the time of the speaking or writing about that action. Survey of tenses English has three simple tenses (past, present, and future) and three perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect). In addition, each of these six tenses has a progres- sive form. SIMPLE TENSES The simple present tense is used primarily to describe habitual actions (Jane walks to work) or to refer to actions occurring at the time of speaking (I see a cardinal in our maple tree). It is also used to state facts or general truths and to describe fictional events in a literary work. The present tense may even be used to express future actions that are to occur at some specified time (The semester begins tomorrow). The simple past tense is used for actions completed entirely in the past (Yesterday Jane walked to work). The simple future tense is used for actions that will occur in the future (Tomorrow Jane will walk to work) or for actions that are predictable, given certain causes (Meat will spoil if not properly refrigerated). PERFECT TENSES More complex time relations are indicated by the perfect tenses (which consist of a form of have plus the past participle). The present perfect tense is used for an action that began in the past and is still going on in the present (Jane has walked to work for years) or an action that began in the past and is finished by the time of speaking or writing (Jane has discovered a new restaurant on Elm Street).
    [Show full text]