DOCSLIB.ORG

Women Facing War

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women Facing War 00_Couverture.qxd 15.5.200614:05UhrSeite1 0798 / 002 06. 2006 2000 Author: Charlotte Lindsey ICRC study on the impact of armed conflict on women International Committee of the Red Cross Women and War 19 Avenue de la Paix 1202 Geneva, Switzerland T + 41 22 734 60 01 F + 41 22 733 20 57 E-mail: [email protected] www.icrc.org © ICRC, October 2001 Women facing war Author: Charlotte Lindsey With contributions by: Emanuela-Chiara Gillard, Barbara Jäggi and Monika Kämpf. The author is grateful for the assistance of the ICRC delegations visited in the course of this study and for the help of headquarters services. Foreword The importance of drawing attention to the protection of women in situations of armed conflict cannot be overstated.The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has always been concerned by the situation of women, and in recent years has made extra efforts to ensure that their needs are being consis- tently met throughout ICRC activities.This commitment was reflected in a spe- cific “pledge” made by the ICRC at the 27th International Red Cross and Red Crescent Conference in 1999. This study on the impact of armed conflict on women has been undertaken as part of the ICRC’s endeavour to draw attention to the plight of women in wartime. It also pays tribute to their enormous strengths and capacities demon- strated on a daily basis in conflicts throughout the world. It will serve as a basis for targeted action and the ICRC will, to the extent that this is not already the case, gradually implement its main conclusions. I would like to express my gratitude to the team headed by Ms Charlotte Lindsey, head of the Women and War project, which was given academic freedom to carry out the analysis, and to all the people who have contributed to the study. With this publication the ICRC aims to further the worldwide debate on the situation of women caught up in war, in which several other organizations are taking part. Beyond debate, the ICRC expects the study to bring about an improvement in the situation of “women facing war”. Women facing war Contents I. Introduction 13 A. Background 14 B. The ICRC’s special perspective on women and war 15 1. The ICRC’s role 15 2. Introduction to the law 17 a) INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW 18 b) OTHER BODIES OF LAW 22 C. Understanding the global impact of armed conflict on women 23 1. Female combatants/Involvement of women in hostilities 23 a) OVERVIEW 23 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 25 2. Women mobilizing for peace 27 3. Vulnerability as a result of armed conflict 28 4. Change in women’s traditional roles 30 5. Widowhood and the missing 31 D. Objective and focus of the study 32 1. Objective of the study 32 2. Focus of the study 33 a) FOCUS ON CIVILIAN WOMEN 33 b) FOCUS ON WOMEN, NOT GIRLS 34 c) FOCUS ON WOMEN, NOT GENDER 35 E. Premise and methodology of the study 36 1. Premise 36 2. Methodology 37 II. Assessment of the needs of the civilian population with a focus on women 39 A. Access of civilian population to assistance and protection 40 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 40 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 40 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 41 d) KEY POINTS 41 B. Safety 42 1. Personal safety 42 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 43 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 45 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 51 d) KEY POINTS 51 2. Sexual violence 51 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 51 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 57 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 61 d) KEY POINTS 62 3. Freedom from arbitrary displacement 65 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 65 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 67 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 71 d) KEY POINTS 73 4. Freedom of movement 73 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 73 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 74 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 75 d) KEY POINTS 76 C. Food and water 76 1. Food 76 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 77 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 79 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 85 d) KEY POINTS 87 Women facing war 2. Food preparation 88 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 88 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 89 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 89 d) KEY POINTS 89 3. Water 90 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 90 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 91 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 91 d) KEY POINTS 92 D. Sources of livelihood 93 1. Agriculture 93 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 93 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 94 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 96 d) KEY POINTS 98 2. Non-agricultural sources of livelihood 98 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 98 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 100 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 101 d) KEY POINTS 101 E. Shelter 102 1. Accommodation 102 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 102 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 104 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 107 d) KEY POINTS 107 2. Clothing 108 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 108 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 109 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 109 d) KEY POINTS 110 F. Health 110 1. Health and medical care 110 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 110 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 113 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 117 d) KEY POINTS 118 2. Health care for victims of violence 119 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 119 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 120 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 120 d) KEY POINTS 121 G. Hygiene and sanitation 122 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 122 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 123 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 123 d) KEY POINTS 124 H. Maintenance of the family unit 124 1. Restoring and maintaining family links between persons separated by conflict 125 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 125 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 125 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 129 d) KEY POINTS 130 2. Searching for family members 130 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 130 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 132 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 132 d) KEY POINTS 134 3. Family reunification 135 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 135 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 135 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 135 d) KEY POINTS 136 Women facing war I. Education and information 136 1. Education and training 136 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 136 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 137 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 138 d) KEY POINTS 139 2. Access to information 139 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 139 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 140 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 141 d) KEY POINT 141 J. Religious and cultural practices 141 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 141 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 142 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 144 d) KEY POINT 145 K. Social groups 145 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 145 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 145 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 145 d) KEY POINT 146 L. Legal issues 146 1. Personal documentation 146 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 146 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 147 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 147 d) KEY POINTS 148 2. Access to effective remedy 148 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 148 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 149 c) KEY POINT 151 III. Detention and internment in situations of armed conflict 153 A. Methodology and terminology 154 B. Introduction to the law 154 1. International humanitarian law 155 a) CATEGORIES OF PERSONS DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM 155 b) PROTECTION OF WOMEN: GENERAL AND SPECIFIC PROTECTION 157 2. Human rights law 158 C. ICRC visits to detained persons 159 1. The ICRC’s mandate to visit detained persons 159 2. Procedures for ICRC visits 160 3. ICRC visits to female detainees 161 D. Profile of female detainees and minors 162 E. Housing of detained persons 164 1. Organization in places of detention 164 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 164 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 165 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 167 d) KEY POINTS 167 2. Transfers 168 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 168 b) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 168 c) KEY POINTS 168 F. Treatment and security 169 1. Prison personnel 169 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 169 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 170 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 170 d) KEY POINTS 171 Women facing war 2. Prohibition of ill-treatment 171 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 171 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 173 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 174 d) KEY POINTS 175 3. Disciplinary measures 176 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 176 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 177 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 178 d) KEY POINTS 178 G. Conditions of detention 178 1. Accommodation (quarters, lighting, bedding, heating, ventilation, access to the open air) 178 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 179 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 179 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 180 d) KEY POINT 181 2. Food and water 181 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 181 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 182 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 183 d) KEY POINTS 184 3. Clothing 184 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 184 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 185 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 185 d) KEY POINTS 186 H. Health and medical care 186 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 186 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 188 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 190 d) KEY POINTS 191 I. Hygiene and sanitation 192 a) OVERVIEW OF PROBLEM 192 b) REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 193 c) THE ICRC’S OPERATIONAL RESPONSE 194 d) KEY POINTS 194 J. Restoring and maintaining family links 195 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gender in Conflict by Christian Dietrich and Clodagh Quain
    33 2014 RAQ I S FORCE S UNITEDSTATE Gender in conflict by Christian Dietrich and Clodagh Quain Violent conflict benefits few and tends to exac- a society. A focus on gender enables an analysis erbate the negative consequences of inequalities not only of the different roles, but also of the dif- and marginalisation. The abduction of Nigerian ferent opportunities that women and men have girls by jihadi militia Boko Haram, the systematic in a given social setting. Inequality might well rape carried out during the Syrian civil war, and be a cause for conflict, but conflict also ampli- the scores of Yezidi girls married off against their fies inequality. Yet such instability does not neces- will by Islamic State (IS) in Iraq are some recent sarily aggravate gender inequality per se. In fact, arresting examples of violence affecting girls and its transformative impulses can provide room for women. those disadvantaged by gender roles to renegoti- ate their identities. Women, men and children experience and act dif- ferently in the context of violence and post-con- Gender inequality is a global phenomenon. For flict reconstruction. In order to understand and example, the difference in the rate of female par- address the gender-related consequences of con- liamentarians in the first and last 50 countries flict, an exclusive focus on sexual violence and the ranked in the Human Development Index (HDI) portrayal of girls and women primarily as targets is rather minor: 24.4% versus 17.1%, respectively. has to be overcome. Such a narrative not only un- However, the vast majority of key peace agree- derestimates women’s capabilities for self-help, it ments since the early 1990s were signed in rela- can also hinder their empowerment.
    [Show full text]
  • Legitimate Concern: the Assault on the Concept of Rape
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Via Sapientiae: The Institutional Repository at DePaul University DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 9-2013 Legitimate concern: the assault on the concept of rape Matthew David Burgess DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Burgess, Matthew David, "Legitimate concern: the assault on the concept of rape" (2013). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 153. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/153 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Legitimate Concern: The Assault on the Concept of Rape A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Matthew David Burgess June 2013 Women’s and Gender Studies College of Liberal Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois 1 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….3 A Brief Legal History of Rape………………………………………………………………….....6 -Rape Law in the United States Prior to 1800…………………………………………….7 -The WCTU and
    [Show full text]
  • A War on Which Women?: Constructing Women’S Interests in the Contraception Mandate Rulemaking
    A War on Which Women?: Constructing Women’s Interests in the Contraception Mandate Rulemaking Ashley English University of Minnesota Western Political Science Association Annual Conference Las Vegas, NV April 4, 2015 Abstract. This paper examines how women and their advocates constructed “women’s political interests” from the competing claims they advanced when they submitted comments during the 2012-2013 rulemaking process that implemented the contraception mandate. It uses automated text search coding, qualitative coding, and latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) analyses of 1,963 comments that interested organizations (including women’s organizations) and individual women submitted to determine how women and their advocates referred to women in their comments and whether women’s organizations provided a form of compensatory representation that adequately represented the concerns of American women more broadly. In general, I find that women and their advocates most often presented women’s interests in broad, universal terms because those terms allowed them to demonstrate they had a broad base of support when majoritarian and electoral considerations entered into the rulemaking process. Similarly, references to particular subgroups of women were relatively rare, with the most common references to subsets of women focusing on women’s ages and roles within the traditional family. Lastly, women’s organizations were more likely than other organizations and individual women to mention women and particular subsets of women, indicating that they do serve as compensatory representatives for women. However, the quality of that representation is up for debate since women’s organizations also often downplayed the concerns of women outside of the traditional family, women of color, and low-income women as they attempted to broaden women’s access to contraception.
    [Show full text]
  • Second World Second Sex
    Kristen Ghodsee second world second sex Socialist Women’s Activism and Global Solidarity during the Cold War second world, second sex second world, Kristen Ghodsee second sex Socialist Women’s Activism and Duke University Press Global Solidarity during the Cold War Durham & London 2019 © 2018 DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ∞ Designed by Courtney Leigh Baker Typeset in Warnock Pro and Helvetica Neue by Copperline Books Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ghodsee, Kristen Rogheh, [date] author. Title: Second world, second sex : socialist women’s activism and global solidarity during the Cold War / Kristen Ghodsee. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2018026169 (print) | lccn 2018029608 (ebook) isbn 9781478003274 (ebook) isbn 9781478001393 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9781478001812 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Women’s rights — International cooperation — History — 20th century. | Feminism — International cooperation — History — 20th century. | Women political activists — History — 20th century. | International Women’s Year, 1975. | International Women’s Decade, 1976-1985. | Women and socialism. | Women — Political activity — Bulgaria. | Women — Political activity — Zambia. Classification:lcc jz1253.2 (ebook) | lcc jz1253.2 .g47 2019 (print) | ddc 305.4209171/709045 — dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018026169 Cover art: Course participants in the WidF-CBWM School for Solidarity, Bulgaria, 1980. For Elena Lagadinova and Irene Tinker Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms viii Note on Translation and Transliteration xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction. Erasing the Past 1 Part I. Organizing Women under Socialism and Capitalism 1. State Feminism and the Woman Question 31 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Mao's War on Women
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 8-2019 Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976 Al D. Roberts Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Roberts, Al D., "Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976" (2019). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7530. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7530 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAO’S WAR ON WOMEN: THE PERPETUATION OF GENDER HIERARCHIES THROUGH YIN-YANG COSMOLOGY IN THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA OF THE MAO ERA, 1949-1976 by Al D. Roberts A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Clayton Brown, Ph.D. Julia Gossard, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Li Guo, Ph.D. Dominic Sur, Ph.D. Committee Member Committee Member _______________________________________ Richard S. Inouye, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2019 ii Copyright © Al D. Roberts 2019 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Mao’s War on Women: The Perpetuation of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology in the Chinese Communist Propaganda of the Mao Era, 1949-1976 by Al D.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and the War: Men, Women and Vietnam
    Vietnam Generation Volume 1 Number 3 Gender and the War: Men, Women and Article 1 Vietnam 10-1989 Gender and the War: Men, Women and Vietnam Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/vietnamgeneration Part of the American Studies Commons Recommended Citation (1989) "Gender and the War: Men, Women and Vietnam," Vietnam Generation: Vol. 1 : No. 3 , Article 1. Available at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/vietnamgeneration/vol1/iss3/1 This Complete Volume is brought to you for free and open access by La Salle University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vietnam Generation by an authorized editor of La Salle University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gender and The War: Men, Women and Vietnam Vietnam Generation V oIume 1 S u m m e r -Fa II 1989 NuivibERS 5-4 G t vrfrR A \ d rh e Wa r : M en, Wo m e n a n <I Vie t n a m SpEciAl EdiTOR, JacqueUne Lawson 4 P reIace 6 iNTROduCTiON Jacqueline Lawson 12 PARAMiliTARy F a n t a s y C uLtu re ANd t Ne CosivioqoNic MyTholoqy of P r Im e v a L CH ao s ANd ORdER J. William Gibson U "I N ever R eaIIy B e c a m e a W o m a n V eteran UNTil...l S a w t Ae W a LL": A R e v Ie w o f O r a I H istories ANd P ersonal Nar r a tiv es by W o m en V eterans o f t Ne W ar Renny Christopher 4 6 Interview s wlTh T w o V ietnam V eteran s: W e Ic o m e H o m e David Berman 59 ISlAkiNq S ense o f V ietnam ANd TElliNq t He R eaL S t o r y : MIllTARy W o m en iN ThE CoivibAT Z one Cheryl A.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women" Michele E
    University of Baltimore Law ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law All Faculty Scholarship Faculty Scholarship Winter 2014 Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women" Michele E. Gilman University of Baltimore School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac Part of the Law and Gender Commons, and the Social Welfare Law Commons Recommended Citation Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women," 32 Law & Ineq. 1 (2014) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Feminism, Democracy, and the "War on Women" Michele Estrin Gilmant Introduction In the aftermath of the 2012 presidential election, the time is right to reflect on the relationship between feminism and democracy. Leading up to the election, social conservatives launched a range of aggressive attacks on women's rights. The Governor of Virginia announced his support for mandatory transvaginal ultrasounds for women seeking abortions. l Conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh called law student Sandra Fluke a "slut" and a "prostitute" for testifying before Congress in support of contraception coverage.2 A United States congressman running for the Senate stated that women could not get pregnant from "legitimate rape.',s These were just a smattering of the volleys in the so-called War on Women; which became a central conflict of the 2012 campaign season.4 Combat t.
    [Show full text]
  • "War on Women" in Women and the Law Tracy Thomas University of Akron School of Law, [email protected]
    The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Con Law Center Articles and Publications Center for Constitutional Law 2012 Forward: "War on Women" in Women and the Law Tracy Thomas University of Akron School of Law, [email protected] Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/conlawakronpubs Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Thomas, Tracy, "Forward: "War on Women" in Women and the Law" (2012). Con Law Center Articles and Publications. 28. http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/conlawakronpubs/28 This Contribution to Book is brought to you for free and open access by Center for Constitutional Law at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Con Law Center Articles and Publications by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Women and the Law 2012 Foreword Overview and Introduction Organization of the Book A. Reproductive Rights B. Women in the Workplace C. Women’s Healthcare D. Feminism and Family Law E. Violence Against Women F. Sex Discrimination Theory OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION This year has been called “the War on Women.” Despite the continued economic recession and international turmoil, the focus has been on women’s reproductive rights. Women watch incredulously as challenges to their previously-established legal, medical, and social rights become front-page news. The headlines have stirred up the culture wars over women’s role in society.
    [Show full text]
  • Women, War and Peace – a Feminist Content Analysis. Maija Laukka
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University Women, War and Peace – A feminist content analysis. Maija Laukka University of Tampere School of Social Science and Humanities MDP in Peace, Mediation and Conflict Research Master’s Thesis May 2018 University of Tampere School of Social Science and Humanities MDP in Peace, Mediation and Conflict Research LAUKKA, MAIJA: Women, War and Peace – A feminist content analysis. Master’s thesis, 62 pages May 2018 ________________________________________________________________________________ Throughout history war has commonly been associated with the actions of men and the victimhood of women. The objective of my thesis has been to identify alternative roles and experiences of civilian women’s in the face of war and peace. Hence, I have also by applied also the concepts of practitioners and empowerment to my study in addition to the dominating discourse of that women are passive victims and targets as well as the impression that war and peacebuilding only affect men. The research material for analysis in this study is based on the “Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts’ Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women’s Role in Peace-building” by Elisabeth Rehn and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf published in 2002. I have examined the research material using the systematic literature review as part of the content analysis methodology. The systematic literature review is considered to be an effective tool when the research goal is to deepen the knowledge of already existing information or phenomena.
    [Show full text]
  • Theorising Women and War in Kurdistan. a Feminist and Critical Perspective
    Theorising Women and War in Kurdistan. A feminist and critical perspective. Nazand Begikhani, Wendelmoet Hamelink and Nerina Weiss Abstract In this introductory article to the special issue Women and War in Kurdistan, we connect our topic to feminist theory, to anthropological theory on war and conflict and their long-term consequences, and to theory on gender, nation and (visual) representation. We investigate Kurdish women´s victimisation and marginalisation, but also their resistance and agency as female combatants and women activists, their portrayal by media and scholars, and their self- representation. We offer herewith a critical perspective on militarisation, women´s liberation, and women´s experiences in times of war and peace. We also introduce the five articles in this issue and discuss how they contribute to the study of women and war in two main areas: the wide- reaching effects of war on women’s lives, and the gendered representation and images of war in Kurdistan. Keywords: female combatants, feminism, feminist theory, gender and nation, human rights, militarism, representation, sexual violence, victimhood, visualisation, war, women’s activism, women´s movements Introduction This special issue contributes to critical and empirical-based analyses of the present realities of Kurdish women in all parts of Kurdistan and explores the multiple effects and affects of war on women in the Kurdish regions. In doing so, we follow feminist and intersectional approaches to the study of violence and war. Readers might need to be reminded that Kurdistan is not a geographical entity with defined borders and Kurds are straddling the present state boundaries of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran (Dahlman, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • War on Women Report
    War on Women The global toll of conflict and violence 2 War on Women: The global toll of conflict and violence Authors: Chine McDonald, Marianna Leite, Nadia Saracini and Karol Balfe Acknowledgements: Thanks to Bettina Vine, Patrick Watt, Alison Doig, Laura Taylor, Kate Newman, Subrata De, Zuhal Malekzay, Semeda Steves, Olivia Engle, Aisling Swaine, Patricia Schulz, Fionnuala Ni Aolain and Irene Mwendwa for their expert advice. Note: The expert witness sections are condensed versions of longer interviews carried out for the purpose of this report. Christian Aid exists to create a world where everyone can live a full life, free from poverty. We are a global movement of people, churches and local organisations who passionately champion dignity, equality and justice worldwide. We are the changemakers, the peacemakers, the mighty of heart. christianaid.org.uk Contact us Christian Aid 35 Lower Marsh Waterloo London SE1 7RL T: +44 (0) 20 7620 4444 E: [email protected] W: christianaid.org.uk Eng and Wales registered charity no. 1105851 Scot charity no. SC039150 Company no. 5171525 Christian Aid Ireland: NI charity no. NIC101631 Company no. NI059154 and ROI charity no. 20014162 Company no. 426928 The Christian Aid name and logo are trademarks of Christian Aid © Christian Aid December 2019. J51584 War on Women: The global toll of conflict and violence 3 Contents Foreword 5 Executive summary 7 Introduction 9 Women’s rights under attack 11 VAWG: The global toll and why it matters 13 VAWG in conflict settings 14 Gender equality policies: the implementation gap 15 War on Women: Country focus 17 Afghanistan 17 India 19 The role of faith actors in tackling violence against women 22 Recommendations 24 Cover: Zahra is 24 and a women’s rights activist in Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Roe's Race: the Supreme Court, Population Control, and Reproductive Justice
    Roe's Race: The Supreme Court, Population Control, and Reproductive Justice Mary Ziegler t ABSTRACT: Questions of race and abortion have shaped current legal debates about defunding Planned Parenthood and banning race-selection abortion. In these discussions, abortion opponents draw a close connection between the eugenic or population-control movements of the twentieth century and the contemporary abortion-rights movement. In challenging legal restrictions on abortion, abortion-rights activists generally insist that their movement and its predecessors have primarily privileged reproductive choice. Notwithstanding the centrality of race to abortion politics, there has been no meaningful history of the racial politics of abortion that produced or followed Roe v. Wade. This Article bridges this gap in the abortion discussion by focusing on the racial politics of abortion in the 1970s. In the 1970s, some population controllers did have ties to the eugenic legal reform movement or a particular interest in limiting the growth of poor, non-white populations. Those most closely involved with the abortion-rights movement, however, primarily focused on family planning for white, middle-class families, emphasizing the importance of environmental stewardship and sexual liberation. Arguments treating the abortion-rights, population-control, and eugenics movements as indistinguishable from one another are flawed. At the same time, by reinterpreting Roe, feminists created new opportunities to reshape the racial politics of abortion. By defending their own understanding of the opinion against anti-abortion attack, feminists were able to redefine abortion as a right that belonged to women irrespective of its political consequences. In telling the story of Roe's racial politics, we can gain new insight into legislative battles on laws defunding Planned Parenthood or banning race- selection abortions.
    [Show full text]