DOCSLIB.ORG

Food Habits of the Great Horned Owl &Lpar;<I>Bubo Virginianus</I>&Rpar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food Habits of the Great Horned Owl &Lpar;<I>Bubo Virginianus</I>&Rpar j. Raptor Res. 25(4):140-141 ¸ 1991 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. FOODHABITS Or THE GREATHOR•4ED OWL (Bubovirginianus) IN THE CAPE REGION OF LOWER CALIFORNIA•MEXICO JORGELLINAS-GUTIRRREZ, GUSTAVO ARNAUD AND MARCOS ACEVEDO Centrode InvestigacionesBioldgicas, Apdo. Postal 128, 2300 La Paz, B.C.S.,Mexico On 4 May 1989 we discovereda Great Horned Owl adultsas the main feedingperch. Judging from the position (Bubo virginianus)nest with two young. The nest was where pellets and prey remains where found, adult owls locatedon the arms of a Cardon (Pachycereuspringlei) at consumedmainly large prey, but weightsranged between 4.3 m abovethe ground.Since little is known about Great 16.5 (pocketmice) and 1703 g (jackrabbits).On the con- trary, young owls apparently receivedmainly small and Horned Owls in Baja California, we studied the food medium-sizedprey, suchas Darkling Beetles(0.24 g) and habits of this pair. Wood Rats (125 g). Our results based on a single pair differ from those STUDY AREA AND METHODS reportedfor Great Horned Owls at other Mexican deserts The nestwas in an alluvialprairie (24ø08'N110•26'W) where the greatestproportion of the owls' diets included 17 km West of La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 635 rodents (42.7%), insects (19.0%) and arachnids (17.2%); m from the coastline and 6 m above sea level. Vegetation Donfizar et al. 1989). In our study lagomorphs(24.3%), consistedof fleshy stemmedshrubs about 2 m in height rodents (22.7%) and insects(16.5%) were the primary with Mesquite (Prosopisarticulata), Sweet Mangrove prey. Rodentsand lagomorphswere abundantin our study (Maytenusphylantoides), Torote and Copals(Bursera spp.), Adam's tree (Fouquieriadiguetii), Dagger Cactus (Ma- chaerocereusgummosus), Cholla Cactus(Opuntia sp.), and Cardons as high as 7 m. We collected49 pelletsand prey remains from the ground below the nestCardon (Fig. 1) and elevenother locations in a 50 m radius on 16 and 24 May, and 3 and 9 June. Fledglingsleft the nestin the first week of June. Skeletal remainswere identified using the bird and mammal col- lectionof Centro de InvestigacionesBio16gicas de Baja California Sur. Invertebrates were identified accordingto Chu (1949) and Borror et al. (1981). Identified prey were classifiedinto sevengroups, according to their phylogenetic affinities:lagomorphs, rodents, birds, CoastHorned Liz- ards, ophidia, insectsand centipedes,spiders and scorpi- ons. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mammals (rodentsand lagomorphs)formed the bulk of prey consumed(Table 1). Jackrabbits(Lepus califor- nicus).Desert Cottontail (Sylvilagus auduboni), pocket mice (Peronathusspp.) and Darkling Beetles(Tenebrionidae) were the mostfrequently consumed prey species.Few rats (Neotornalepida and Dipodornysrnerriarni) and White- Footed mice (Perornyscuseva) were recorded. Crickets (Grillidae), Horned Beetles(Cerambicidae) and someun- identified coleopterans,comprised the secondmajor group (insectsand centipedes).Coast Horned Lizards (Phryno- somacoronaturn) and ophidia were the mostfrequent rep- tiles. Arthropods,such as arachnids(mainly scorpions), chilopodsand insects,including Darkling Beetles,were alsopresent. The least frequent prey were birds, spiders and scorpions.Rodents, insects and chilopodswere dom- inant at the nest Cardon; rodents and lagomorphswere dominantat the Cardon occupiedby adultsas main feeding perches. The greatestvariety of prey in owl pelletswas observed Figure 1. Vegetationshowing a Great HornedOwl nest at the nest Cardon, followed by a Cardon occupied by in a Cardonat E1 Comitfin,Baja CaliforniaSur, M•xico. 140 WINTER 1991 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 141 Table 1. Prey (N = 115) recordedfrom 49 pelletsof the region (Arnaud and Acevedo 1990) and hence it is not Great Horned Owl, collectedin the locality E1 Comitfn, surprisingthat the proportionof lagomorphsin the diet Baja California Sur, May-June 1989. of the Great Horned Owls we studiedis three timeslarger than the 6.1% reportedby Donfizaret al. (1989) for the desertzone of Durango and Sonora, Mexico. NUMBER PER- PREY OF ITEMS CENT RESUMEN.--Seanalizaron 49 egagr6pilasarrojadas por una familia de TecolotesCornudos (Bubo virginianus) en Mammals un sitio de la region del Cabo, Baja California Sur, a Lagomorphs mediadosde 1989. Lostecolotes j6venes consumieron prin- Lepuscalifornicus 19 16.5 cipalmenteroedores, insectos ¾ cienpigs; los adultos comie- ron, sobretodo, lagomorfos¾ roedores. Esta dieta, basada Sylvilagusspp. 7 6.1 principalmenteen lagomorfos(24,3%) ¾roedores (22,7%), Unidentified 2 1.7 difiere muchode aquella reportadapara los tecolotescor- Rodents nudosde los desiertosde Durango ¾ Sonora, Mgxico, Perognathusspp. 13 11.3 dondelos lagomorfossolo 11egan al 6,1%, ¾en cambio los Peromyscuseva I 0.9 roedoresalcanzan el 42,7%. Esto puede indicar la gran selectividadde presas que estostecolotes pueden realizar Neotornalepida 4 3.5 localmente,favorecidos por la mayor diversidaden la flora Dipodornysrnerriarni 1 0.9 del firea, respectoa los otros desiertosmexicanos, donde Unidentified 7 6.1 su dieta es mils diversa. Total 54 47.0 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Birds 6 5.2 We are grateful to Maria-Luisa Jimgnez and David Reptiles Auriolesfor criticallyreviewing the manuscript.We thank Lizards and toads also Armando Tejas for identifying the invertebrates. Phrynosornacoronaturn 6 5.2 LITERATURE CITED Sceloporussp. 1 0.9 ARNAUD,G. AND M. ACEVEDO. 1990. Hfibitos alimen- Snakes 8 7.0 ticiosde la zorra gris, Urocyoncinereoarœenteus (Car- Unidentified 3 2.6 nivora: Canidae) en la Regi6n Meridional de Baja Total 18 15.7 California, Mgxico.Revista de Biologœa Tropical 32(28): 499-502. Arachnids BORROR,D.J., D.M. DE LONGAND CH.A. TRIPLEHORN. Scorpions 8 7.0 1981. An introductionto the studyof insects.Saunders Spiders College Publishing Co., Philadelphia, PA. Lycosasp. 1 0.9 CHU, F.H. 1949. The immature insects. Wm. C. Brown Oliossp. 1 0.9 Co. Publishers.Dubuque, IA. Total 10 8.7 DON,•ZAR,J.A., F. HIRALDd,M. DELIBESAND R.R. ESTRELLA.1989. Comparativefood habits of the Ea- Centipedes gle Owl Bubo buboand the Great Horned Owl Bubo Scolopendromorpha 8 7.0 virginianusin six Paleattic and Nearcftc biomes.Ornzs Scandinavica 20:298-306. Insects Coleoptera Received20 December 1989; accepted19 August 1990 Cerambycidae 3 2.6 Tenebrionidae 11 9.6 Unidentified 2 1.7 Hymenoptera Formicidae 1 0.9 Orthoptera Grillidae 2 1.7 Total 19 16.5 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cottontail Rabbits
    Cottontail Rabbits Biology of Cottontail Rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) as Prey of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Western United States Photo Credit, Sky deLight Credit,Photo Sky Cottontail Rabbits Biology of Cottontail Rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) as Prey of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Western United States U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions 1, 2, 6, and 8 Western Golden Eagle Team Front Matter Date: November 13, 2017 Disclaimer The reports in this series have been prepared by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) Western Golden Eagle Team (WGET) for the purpose of proactively addressing energy-related conservation needs of golden eagles in Regions 1, 2, 6, and 8. The team was composed of Service personnel, sometimes assisted by contractors or outside cooperators. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Suggested Citation Hansen, D.L., G. Bedrosian, and G. Beatty. 2017. Biology of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) as prey of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the western United States. Unpublished report prepared by the Western Golden Eagle Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Available online at: https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/Reference/Profile/87137 Acknowledgments This report was authored by Dan L. Hansen, Geoffrey Bedrosian, and Greg Beatty. The authors are grateful to the following reviewers (in alphabetical order): Katie Powell, Charles R. Preston, and Hillary White. Cottontails—i Summary Cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.; hereafter, cottontails) are among the most frequently identified prey in the diets of breeding golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the western United States (U.S.).
    [Show full text]
  • Informes Individuales IUCN 2018.Indd
    IUCN SSC Lagomorph Specialist Group 2018 Report Andrew Smith Hayley Lanier Co-Chairs Mission statement Targets for the 2017-2020 quadrennium Andrew Smith (1) To promote the conservation and effective Assess (2) Hayley Lanier sustainable management of all species of Red List: (1) improve knowledge and assess- lagomorph through science, education and ment of lagomorph systematics, (2) complete Red List Authority Coordinator advocacy. all Red List reassessments of all lagomorph Charlotte Johnston (1) species. Projected impact for the 2017-2020 Research activities: (1) improve knowledge of Location/Affiliation quadrennium Brachylagus idahoensis; (2) examine popula- (1) School of Life Sciences, Arizona State The Lagomorph Specialist Group (LSG) is tion trends of all lagomorphs in the western University, Tempe, Arizona, US “middle-sized” – not a single species, nor United States; (3) improve knowledge of Lepus (2) Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, composed of hundreds of species. We have callotis; (4) improve knowledge of Lepus fagani, Norman, Oklahoma, US slightly less than 100 species in our brief. L. habessinicus, and L. starcki in Ethiopia; However, these are distributed around the (5) improve knowledge of Lepus flavigularis; Number of members globe, and there are few similarities among (6) improve knowledge of all Chinese Lepus; 73 any of our many forms that are Red List clas- (7) improve knowledge of Nesolagus netscheri; sified as Threatened. Thus, we do not have a (8) improve knowledge of Nesolagus timminsi; Social networks single programme or a single thrust; there is no (9) improve knowledge of Ochotona iliensis; Website: one-size-fits-all to our approach. LSG members (10) improve surveys of poorly-studied www.lagomorphspecialistgroup.org largely work independently in their region, and Ochotona in China; (11) understand the role the Co-Chairs serve more as a nerve centre.
    [Show full text]
  • Nesting Ecology of the Great Horned Owl Bubo Virginianus in Central Western Utah
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1968-08-01 Nesting ecology of the great horned owl Bubo virginianus in central western Utah Dwight Glenn Smith Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Smith, Dwight Glenn, "Nesting ecology of the great horned owl Bubo virginianus in central western Utah" (1968). Theses and Dissertations. 7883. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7883 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. NESTING ECOLOGYOF THE GREATHORNED OWL BUBOVIRGINIANUS IN CENTRALWESTERN UTAH L A Thesis Presented to the Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University In Partial Fulfi I lment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Dwight G. Smith August 1968 This thesis by Dwight G. Smith is accepted in its present form by the Department of Zoology and Entomolo�y of Brigham Young University as satisfying the thesis require­ ment for the degree of Master of Science. Typed by Beth Anne Smith f i i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made for the valuable sug- gestions and help given by the chairman of my advisory com- mittee, Dr. Joseph R. Murphy, and other members of my com- mittee, Dr. C. Lynn Hayward and Dr. Joseph R. Murdock. Ap- preciation is extended to Dr. Herbert H. Frost for his editor- ial help in the preparation of the manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology, Legal Status, Control Materials, and Directions for Use
    VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL HANDBOOK - MAMMALS BIOLOGY, LEGAL STATUS, CONTROL MATERIALS, AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE Rabbits – Black-tailed Jackrabbit, Cottontail Rabbit, Brush Rabbit Family: Leporidae Fig. 1. Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) Fig. 2. Desert cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audobonii) Fig. 3. Brush rabbit (S. bachmani) Introduction: Three rabbits are common to California: the black-tailed jackrabbit, the cottontail, and the brush rabbit. Of these, the jackrabbit is the most destructive because of its greater size and occurrence in agricultural areas. Cottontails are common pests in landscaped areas. Hereinafter ‘rabbits’ shall refer to all three species unless distinguished otherwise. Rabbits can be destructive and eat a wide variety of plants, grasses, grains, alfalfa, vegetables, fruit trees, vines, and many ornamentals. They also cause damage to plastic irrigation through their gnawing activities. Identification: The black-tailed jackrabbit (Fig. 1) is about the size of a house cat, 17 to 22 inches long. It has long ears, short front legs, and long hind legs. They populate open or semi open lands in valleys and foothills. Desert cottontail (Fig. 2) and brush rabbits (Fig. 3) are smaller (14.5 to 15.5, and 12.0 to 14.5 inches in length, respectively) and have shorter ears. Brush rabbits can be distinguished from cottontails by their smaller, inconspicuous tail and uniformly colored ears that lack a black tip. They inhabit brushy areas where cover is dense; landscaped areas provide excellent habitat. They can also be found beneath junipers and other large, low-growing evergreen shrubs. 262 VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL HANDBOOK - MAMMALS Legal Status: Black-tailed jackrabbits, desert cottontails, and brush rabbits are classed as nongame animals in most states, but are considered game mammals by the California Fish and Game Code.
    [Show full text]
  • SIA Border Cameras Report
    Sky Island Alliance’s Border Camera Summary JUNE 28 2019 SKY ISLAND ALLIANCE by: Meagan Bethel 1 Sky Island Alliance’s Border Camera Summary This report summarizes the data collected by Sky Island Alliance’s remote sensing wildlife cameras over 23 months of sampling effort starting July 2017 and running to the most recent data of May 2019. While Sky Island Alliance maintains more than thirty cameras, 24 cameras are within 35 miles of the United States-Mexico border. Those 24 cameras along the border contributed photo data to this report. 2 Total number of photos for all border cameras by month 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 Number of Photos 1500 1000 500 0 Figure 1 The total number of unique wildlife photos collected by Sky Island Alliance’s border cameras that spans 23 months. Two peaks can be seen in October 2017 and May 2018, however the total number of photos collected has been declining over time. 3 Table 1 A summary table of all species detected by the remote cameras with in sampling period. There were 45,886 photos with animals in them. Humans and domestic animals are separated from wildlife. Wildlife Number of Photos Humans and Number of Photos Domestic animals White-tailed deer 23994 Cattle 12001 Javelina 1915 Human hiker 1093 White-nosed coati 1159 Domestic dog 292 Mule deer 923 Vehicle 1000 Mountain lion 827 Horseback rider 90 Coyote 758 Border patrol 87 Raccoon 619 Cat 11 Turkey 398 Black Bear 366 Spotted skunk Grey fox 242 Bobcat 224 Hooded skunk 162 Desert cottontail 100 Bird species 86 Striped skunk 78 Mexican jay 68 Antelope
    [Show full text]
  • Desert Cottontails
    Name: ____________________________________________ Desert Cottontails The desert cottontail is a type of rabbit that lives in the dry, dusty areas of New Mexico, Arizona, and Western Texas. They can also live as far north as Montana and as far west as California. This type of cottontail is similar to other rabbit species because it has an easily-noticed white fluffy tail, but it has larger ears that usually stand straight up. They have the potential to weigh up to 3.3 pounds (1. 5 kg) and grow to 20 inches (51 cm) in length. Desert cottontails tend to be most active during the morning and late afternoon hours. During the day they avoid the hot desert sun, and seek shelter to keep themselves cool. Desert cottontails will eat almost any type of plant, and sometimes they’ll munch on small bugs as well. Because the desert plants they eat usually contain moisture, desert cottontails rarely need to drink water. The cottontail has many predators, including bobcats, mountain lions, owls, eagles, rattlesnakes, and coyotes. Sometimes they are able to outsmart the large predators by running very fast and diving into small holes where bigger animals cannot go. They usually run in a zigzag pattern so they’re harder to catch. Cottontails are one of the few species of rabbits that are also able to climb trees when they’re trying to escape a predator. When she is ready to have babies, a female cottontail will make a nest of grass and fur. They can have as many as ten baby cottontails at one time! And sometimes they can have four litters in a single year.
    [Show full text]
  • Cottontails and Jackrabbits by Jim Stanley
    Cottontails and Jackrabbits: It Wouldn’t Be Texas Without Them Two of my favorite native animals are cottontails and jackrabbits. As a kid in West Texas, I could always find at least one or the other in a five-minute walk into the pasture. They are nowhere near that populous now. Cottontails are rabbits, but despite the name, jackrabbits are not. Jackrabbits are hares. Rabbits are born naked, blind and almost helpless. Hares are born fully furred, eyes open and able to hop. Neither rabbits nor hares are rodents, they belong to the order Lagomorpha and the family Leporidae. Three of the four species of rabbits in Texas have ranges that overlap in our part of the Hill Country, the Swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus), the Desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), and the Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus). The Swamp rabbit is slightly larger than the other two with slightly longer ears. As the name suggests, it mainly inhabits areas along rivers and creeks or marshes. It very seldom ventures out in the daytime, unless flushed from its bed. All rabbits can swim, but this one is the only one to do so on its own without being chased. Its main range is the eastern part of the Hill Country and further east. The Desert cottontail has very slightly longer ears, relative to its foot length, than the Eastern cottontail, a difference too slight to tell by simply watching the animal. Its main range is the western Hill Country and further west. Since telling the difference among these three in the field is very difficult, and since the most widespread rabbit in Texas is the Eastern cottontail, it is the only rabbit I will discuss further.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals of Scotts Bluff
    National Park Service Scotts Bluff U.S. Department of the Interior Scotts Bluff National Monument Nebraska Mammals of Scotts Bluff Deer If you happen to see a deer in the park, it would be one of two species, the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) or the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus viginianus). For more information, ask a ranger for the Site Bulletin “Deer of the Prai- rie”. White-tailed Deer Mule Deer Coyote The coyote (Canis latrans) is a common animal found in the park, but rarely seen. Their hair is a grizzled gray color and their bushy tail has a black tip. They usually weigh 20-40 pounds but can weigh more. The coyote is usually carnivo- rous, although it will eat just about anything from grasshop- pers, mice, fruit, toads, snakes and rabbits. They will look for circling magpies and ravens to help them to food sources. Coyotes are more frequently heard than seen. They enjoy vo- calizing at dusk, dawn or during the night. Man is the biggest predator of the coyote. Cottontail The Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) is the most common Rabbit rabbit in North America. It is chunky red-brown or gray-brown with large hind feet, long ears, large brown eyes, and a short fluffy white tail. Its underside fur is white. The cottontail’s diet includes grasses, fruits and vegetables in the spring and summer, and twigs and bark in the winter. The cottontail is a very territorial animal. They do not dig burrows, but rest in a form, a shallow depression. Predators include hawks, eagles, owls, foxes, coyotes, bobcats and weasels.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Mammals of White Sands
    National Park Service White Sands Department of the Interior White Sands National Monument Common Mammals of White Sands NPS historic photo of a coyote catching a mouse hile visiting White Sands National Monument, it is very unlikely that Wyou will see any of our resident mammals. They have adapted to the hot summers of the Tularosa Basin by hiding in their dens until it cools down, leaving behind only their footprints from their nightly hunting. Pallid bats can be found roosting in their food on the ground while many areas, such as the visitor center. walking around. Their large ears They are identified by their large ears help them to hear their prey’s and light-colored fur. These winged footsteps. They eat insects like mammals can eat insects in the air scorpions and crickets, but also like other bats, but locate most of lizards and rodents. Pallid Bat Antozous pallidus The Apache pocket mouse is an helps it blend with the sand. It is endemic subspecies to White Sands a favorite snack of the kit fox. The and is one of the few residents of the Apache pocket mouse extracts dunes. It is named for the large fur all of its water from the food it lined pockets in their cheeks that hold digests. It can go its entire life hundreds of seeds when the mouse without ever drinking water. forages. It is light in coloration, which Apache Pocket Mouse Perognathus flavescens Apachii The kangaroo rat has a few tricks monument, the kangaroo rat is 13 to help escape predators.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Wildlife of El Paso
    National Park Service Chamizal U.S. Department of the Interior Chamizal National Memorial Urban Wildlife of El Paso The kingdom of life knows no boundaries. In the twin desert metropolises of El Paso-Ciudad Juarez, many animals thrive. If you pause for just a moment, the animal kingdom might open up to you. Below is a description of wild animals that can be commonly seen at Chamizal National Memorial, in El Paso, and across the river in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Great-tailed Grackle Resembling the common raven but smaller Quiscalus mexicanus and with a rather long tail, the great-tailed grackle originated in Central America. For the past several decades, it has been expanding its range northward into Mexico and now lives throughout a large portion of the western U.S. The great-tailed grackle has adapted to our wide-scale irrigation systems and landscaped yards. They thrive in the urban environment and live in El Paso and Ciudad Juarez year- round. Considered a noisy bird, the great- tailed grackle makes a variety of sounds. American Robin Although some robins remain in the same Turdus migratorius habitat year-round, the robins you see in El Paso migrate. Our robins winter in southern Mexico, travel northward in spring, spend summer in the United States and Canada, and finally, fly back to Mexico in the fall. In El Paso, the first robin arrives in February. The robin can be distinguished by its red underbelly. It eats mainly worms and fruit. Robins make a “cheery carol,” and are often the first bird chirping at dawn.
    [Show full text]
  • Rabbits Fast… Student So That I Don’T Miss Too Much I Haven’T Even Won a Single Race, Yet! the School This Year
    Texas Wildlife Association presents.... September 2008 Kid’s Quarterly Mini-Mag! Vol. 2 No. 3 Postcards from Nancy... By Sarah Stannard Dear TWA, As it turns out, school is even better than I thought! Each evening, we start out practicing what they call Summer has come to an end and so the the zig-zag maneuver. It is basically like a race last time I talked to Mom, she told me that where you run in a zig-zag motion instead of I ought to look into being an “X-change” a straight line. Boy, are those rabbits fast… student so that I don’t miss too much I haven’t even won a single race, yet! The school this year. I checked out some teacher says the zig-zag maneuver is the places online and I am now an official best way for rabbits to escape predators and student at Leaps and Bounds Academy in so that is why we practice it every day. Pecos, Texas. After racing, we do signal drills. I’m staying with a really nice family of Desert Cottontails, like all cottontail Desert Cottontail Rabbits and they have a son my age rabbits, have fluffy tails that are a light brown or gray named Chase. They also have a son named Chester, color on the top and bright white on the bottom. When and one named Frank, two named Darryl, one named we practice signaling, everyone spreads out and keeps an Mikey, a daughter named Cara, another daughter named eye out for predators. Some one from class will pretend Carla and a lot of others whose names I can’t recall right to be a coyote, a bobcat, or even an eagle and when now….
    [Show full text]
  • Desert Cottontail Use of Natural and Modified Pinyon- Juniper Woodland
    Desert Cottontail Use of Natural and Modified Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Item Type text; Article Authors Kundaeli, J. N.; Reynolds, H. G. Citation Kundaeli, J. N., & Reynolds, H. G. (1972). Desert cottontail use of natural and modified pinyon-juniper woodland. Journal of Range Management, 25(2), 116-118. DOI 10.2307/3896798 Publisher Society for Range Management Journal Journal of Range Management Rights Copyright © Society for Range Management. Download date 27/09/2021 20:42:20 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/647402 116 KUNDAELI AND REYNOLDS grazing pangolagrass pastures re- and blood of cows grazing pangola- PALTING,J. F. EASLEY,J. W. CAR- ceiving different phosphate fertili- grass. J, Range Manage. 23: 136-139. PENTER,AND MARVIN KOGER. 1963. zer. Fla. A’gr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. NUTRIENTREQUIREMENT OF BEEFCATTLE. Water, phosphorus, calcuim, ash 735. 55 p. 1970. Nat. Res. Council National and protein of the heart, liver and KIRK, W. G., R. L. SHIRLEY, J. F. Academy of Sciences. Washington, muscle of Hereford, Brahman and EASLEY,AND F. M. PEACOCK. 1970b. D. C. 55 p. Hereford-Brahman crossbred cattle. Vitamin A and B-carotene in liver SHIRLEY,R. L., D. D. HARGROVE,FLORA J. Anim. Sci. 22393-395. sideoats grama (B. curtipendulu Desert Cottontail Use of Natural and (Michx.) Torr.)-contribute about Modified Pinyon- Juniper Woodland’9 2 two-thirds of the total. Over 30 species of perennial grasses make JOHN N. KUNDAELI AND HUDSON G. REYNOLDS up the remainder of the production. Game Management Officer, College of African Wildlife, Moshi, Tanzania; and Forb production is about half Principal Wildlife Biologist, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment that of perennial grasses.
    [Show full text]