Ascidia Subterranea Sp. Nov. (Phlebobranchia: Ascidiidae), a New Tunicate Belonging to the A
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Colonial Tunicates: Species Guide
SPECIES IN DEPTH Colonial Tunicates Colonial Tunicates Tunicates are small marine filter feeder animals that have an inhalant siphon, which takes in water, and an exhalant siphon that expels water once it has trapped food particles. Tunicates get their name from the tough, nonliving tunic formed from a cellulose-like material of carbohydrates and proteins that surrounds their bodies. Their other name, sea squirts, comes from the fact that many species will shoot LambertGretchen water out of their bodies when disturbed. Massively lobate colony of Didemnum sp. A growing on a rope in Sausalito, in San Francisco Bay. A colony of tunicates is comprised of many tiny sea squirts called zooids. These INVASIVE SEA SQUIRTS individuals are arranged in groups called systems, which form interconnected Star sea squirts (Botryllus schlosseri) are so named because colonies. Systems of these filter feeders the systems arrange themselves in a star. Zooids are shaped share a common area for expelling water like ovals or teardrops and then group together in small instead of having individual excurrent circles of about 20 individuals. This species occurs in a wide siphons. Individuals and systems are all variety of colors: orange, yellow, red, white, purple, grayish encased in a matrix that is often clear and green, or black. The larvae each have eight papillae, or fleshy full of blood vessels. All ascidian tunicates projections that help them attach to a substrate. have a tadpole-like larva that swims for Chain sea squirts (Botryloides violaceus) have elongated, less than a day before attaching itself to circular systems. Each system can have dozens of zooids. -
Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia, Corellidae) in the Southern Hemisphere with Description of a New Species
Zootaxa 3702 (2): 135–149 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3702.2.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E972F88B-7981-4F38-803D-8F4F92FE6A37 The genus Corella (Ascidiacea, Phlebobranchia, Corellidae) in the Southern Hemisphere with description of a new species FRANÇOISE MONNIOT Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier Fr 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.E-mail : [email protected] Abstract In the Southern Hemisphere the species attributed to Corella eumyota, Traustedt, 1882 are likely more varied than previously expected. This ascidian species was described from specimens collected at Valparaiso (Chile). Until now it was considered as a widely distributed species in the southern hemisphere. New collections from Chile and the Antarctic area have allowed to separate two species and re-establish Corella antarctica Sluiter, 1905 as a valid species (Alurralde 2013).A morphological re- examination of many specimens from the MNHN collections and especially recent surveys as CEAMARC and REVOLTA confirms that Antarctic specimens from the Antarctic Peninsula and Terre Adélie obviously differ from sub-Antarctic material more varied than previously estimated. On the other hand, C. eumyota invasive in Europe (Lambert 2004) has been shown to be the same as specimens from Chile, New Zealand and other sub-Antarctic regions. The present morphological study compares Corella from different regions and describes a new species Corella brewinae n. sp that is found living mixed with C. eumyota populations. Key words: Ascidians, Corellidae, Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic, new species Introduction The genus Corella was created by Hancock (1870) for Ascidia parallelogramma Müller, 1776. -
Phlebobranchia of CTAW
PHLEBOBRANCHIA PHLEBOBRANCHIA The suborder Phlebobranchia (order Enterogona) is characterised by having unpaired gonads present only on the same side of the body as the gut. As in Stolidobranchia, the body is not divided into different sections (such as thorax, abdomen and posterior abdomen) as the gut is folded up in the parietal body wall outside the pharynx and the large branchial sac occupies the whole length of the body. Usually the branchial sac (which is flat, without folds) has internal longitudinal vessels (although only vestiges remain in Agneziidae). Epicardial sacs do not persist in adults as they do in Aplousobranchia, although excretory vesicles (nephrocytes) embedded in the body wall over the gut are known to originate from the embryonic epicardium in Ascidiidae and Corellidae. Most phlebobranchs are solitary. However, Plurellidae Kott, 1973 includes both solitary and colonial forms, and Perophoridae Giard, 1872 are all colonial. Replication in Perophoridae is from ectodermal epithelium (rather than endodermal or mesodermal tissue the mesodermal tissue of the vascular stolon (rather than the endodermal tissue as in most as in Aplousobranchia). The process of replication has not been investigated in Plurellidae. Phlebobranch taxa occurring in Australia are documented in Kott (1985). Family level taxa are characterised principally by the size and form of the branchial sac including the number of branchial vessels and form of the stigmata; the form, size and position of the gonads; and the habit (colonial or solitary) of the taxon. Berrill (1950) has discussed problems in assessing the phylogeny of Perophoridae. References Berrill, N.J. (1950). The Tunicata. Ray Soc. Publs 133: 1–354 Giard, A.M. -
Sea Squirt Symbionts! Or What I Did on My Summer Vacation… Leah Blasiak 2011 Microbial Diversity Course
Sea Squirt Symbionts! Or what I did on my summer vacation… Leah Blasiak 2011 Microbial Diversity Course Abstract Microbial symbionts of tunicates (sea squirts) have been recognized for their capacity to produce novel bioactive compounds. However, little is known about most tunicate-associated microbial communities, even in the embryology model organism Ciona intestinalis. In this project I explored 3 local tunicate species (Ciona intestinalis, Molgula manhattensis, and Didemnum vexillum) to identify potential symbiotic bacteria. Tunicate-specific bacterial communities were observed for all three species and their tissue specific location was determined by CARD-FISH. Introduction Tunicates and other marine invertebrates are prolific sources of novel natural products for drug discovery (reviewed in Blunt, 2010). Many of these compounds are biosynthesized by a microbial symbiont of the animal, rather than produced by the animal itself (Schmidt, 2010). For example, the anti-cancer drug patellamide, originally isolated from the colonial ascidian Lissoclinum patella, is now known to be produced by an obligate cyanobacterial symbiont, Prochloron didemni (Schmidt, 2005). Research on such microbial symbionts has focused on their potential for overcoming the “supply problem.” Chemical synthesis of natural products is often challenging and expensive, and isolation of sufficient quantities of drug for clinical trials from wild sources may be impossible or environmentally costly. Culture of the microbial symbiont or heterologous expression of the biosynthetic genes offers a relatively economical solution. Although the microbial origin of many tunicate compounds is now well established, relatively little is known about the extent of such symbiotic associations in tunicates and their biological function. Tunicates (or sea squirts) present an interesting system in which to study bacterial/eukaryotic symbiosis as they are deep-branching members of the Phylum Chordata (Passamaneck, 2005 and Buchsbaum, 1948). -
Examples of Sea Sponges
Examples Of Sea Sponges Startling Amadeus burlesques her snobbishness so fully that Vaughan structured very cognisably. Freddy is ectypal and stenciling unsocially while epithelial Zippy forces and inflict. Monopolistic Porter sailplanes her honeymooners so incorruptibly that Sutton recirculates very thereon. True only on water leaves, sea of these are animals Yellow like Sponge Oceana. Deeper dives into different aspects of these glassy skeletons are ongoing according to. Sponges theoutershores. Cell types epidermal cells form outer covering amoeboid cells wander around make spicules. Check how These Beautiful Pictures of Different Types of. To be optimal for bathing, increasing with examples of brooding forms tan ct et al ratios derived from other microscopic plants from synthetic sponges belong to the university. What is those natural marine sponge? Different types of sponges come under different price points and loss different uses in. Global Diversity of Sponges Porifera NCBI NIH. Sponges EnchantedLearningcom. They publish the outer shape of rubber sponge 1 Some examples of sponges are Sea SpongeTube SpongeVase Sponge or Sponge Painted. Learn facts about the Porifera or Sea Sponges with our this Easy mountain for Kids. What claim a course Sponge Acme Sponge Company. BG Silicon isotopes of this sea sponges new insights into. Sponges come across an incredible summary of colors and an amazing array of shapes. 5 Fascinating Types of what Sponge Leisure Pro. Sea sponges often a tube-like bodies with his tiny pores. Sponges The World's Simplest Multi-Cellular Creatures. Sponges are food of various nudbranchs sea stars and fish. Examples of sponges Answers Answerscom. Sponges info and games Sheppard Software. -
Settlement Patterns in Ascidians Concerning Have Been Patchily
Larval settlement behaviour in six gregarious ascidians in relation to adult 2 distribution 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Marc Rius1,2,*, George M. Branch2, Charles L. Griffiths1,2, Xavier Turon3 18 19 20 1 Centre for Invasion Biology, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, 21 Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 22 23 2 Marine Biology Research Centre, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, 24 Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 25 26 3 Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Accés Cala St. Francesc 14, 27 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 * Corresponding author: Marc Rius 35 Centre for Invasion Biology, Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, 36 Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 37 E-mail: [email protected] 38 Telephone: +27 21 650 4939 39 Fax: +27 21 650 3301 40 41 Running head: Settlement patterns of gregarious ascidians 42 43 44 1 45 ABSTRACT 46 Settlement influences the distribution and abundance of many marine organisms, 47 although the relative roles of abiotic and biotic factors influencing settlement are poorly 48 understood. Species that aggregate often owe this to larval behaviour, and we ask 49 whether this predisposes ascidians to becoming invasive, by increasing their capacity to 50 maintain their populations. We explored the interactive effects of larval phototaxis and 51 geotaxis and conspecific adult extracts on settlement rates of a representative suite of 52 six species of ascidians that form aggregations in the field, including four aliens with 53 global distributions, and how they relate to adult habitat characteristics. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
Ascidians from the Tropical Western Pacific
Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific Françoise MONNIOT Claude MONNIOT CNRS UPESA 8044, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris (France) [email protected] Monniot F. & Monniot C. 2001. — Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema 23 (2) : 201-383. ABSTRACT A large collection of 187 identified ascidian species is added to the records published in 1996 from the same tropical western Pacific islands. Most of the specimens were collected by the US Coral Reef Research Foundation (CRRF). They come from depths accessible by SCUBA diving. Most of the collection’s species are described and figured, their color in life is illustrated by 112 underwater photographs; among them 48 are new species represent- ing a fourth of the material collected. This demonstrates how incomplete the knowledge of the ascidian diversity in this part of the world remains. Moreover, very small or inconspicuous species were seldom collected, as com- pared to the highly coloured and large forms. Many other immature speci- mens were also collected but their precise identification was not possible. Almost all littoral families are represented with the exception of the Molgulidae which are more characteristic of soft sediments, a biotope which was not investigated. Among the very diversified genera, the colonial forms largely dominate, including not only all the Aplousobranchia genera but also some Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Very often only one specimen was KEY WORDS Tunicata, available, so a detailed biogeographical distribution cannot be given, and no western Pacific Ocean. island endemism can be defined. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2001 • 23 (2) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. -
Ascidia Ceratodes (Huntsman, 1912) (Tunicata: Ascidiidae) Off the Northern Chilean Coast: New Record
Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 47(1): Ascidia184-189 ,ceratodes 2019 in the northern Chilean coast 1 DOI: 10.3856/vol47-issue1-fulltext-21 Short Communication Ascidia ceratodes (Huntsman, 1912) (Tunicata: Ascidiidae) off the northern Chilean coast: new record 1 2 3 Juan I. Cañete , José L. López & Erika Mutschke 1Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile 2Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile 3Laboratorio Hidrobiología, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile Corresponding author: Juan I. Cañete ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. The ascidian fauna of northern Chile (18º to 25ºS) is poorly known. A member of the family Ascidiidae, Ascidia ceratodes (Huntsman, 1912), is reported in this study. We collected samples of A. ceratodes under intertidal boulders off the northern Chilean coast between Arica (18°S) and Iquique (20°S) (17 to 20°C; intertidal pool; <0.5 m depth; August, 2016). This finding verified a questionable record established by Van Name (1945) from Tocopilla (22ºS), northern Chile. This record extends the confirmed geographical distribution of A. ceratodes along of the eastern Pacific coast from British Columbia, Canada, to northern Chile. Keywords: Ascidia; warm temperate benthos; intertidal rocky shore; biodiversity; Southeastern Pacific The ascidian fauna of the Chilean coast comprises Recent surveys of ascidians biodiversity on the around 72 species. Over the last decade, our knowledge northern Chilean coast (Clarke & Castilla, 2000; about this taxon and its distribution in the Chilean coast Schories et al., 2015; Turon et al., 2016a, 2016b) did has improved (Clarke & Castilla, 2000; Sanamyan & not make any reference to members of the genus Schories, 2003; Lagger et al., 2009; Sanamyan et al., Ascidia. -
Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an Updated Checklist
Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Taxonomic Paper Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist Chryssanthi Antoniadou‡, Vasilis Gerovasileiou§§, Nicolas Bailly ‡ Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece § Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece Corresponding author: Chryssanthi Antoniadou ([email protected]) Academic editor: Christos Arvanitidis Received: 18 May 2016 | Accepted: 17 Jul 2016 | Published: 01 Nov 2016 Citation: Antoniadou C, Gerovasileiou V, Bailly N (2016) Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) of Greece: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9273. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9273 Abstract Background The checklist of the ascidian fauna (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) of Greece was compiled within the framework of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS), an application of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) aiming to produce a complete checklist of species recorded from Greece. This checklist was constructed by updating an existing one with the inclusion of recently published records. All the reported species from Greek waters were taxonomically revised and cross-checked with the Ascidiacea World Database. New information The updated checklist of the class Ascidiacea of Greece comprises 75 species, classified in 33 genera, 12 families, and 3 orders. In total, 8 species have been added to the previous species list (4 Aplousobranchia, 2 Phlebobranchia, and 2 Stolidobranchia). Aplousobranchia was the most speciose order, followed by Stolidobranchia. Most species belonged to the families Didemnidae, Polyclinidae, Pyuridae, Ascidiidae, and Styelidae; these 4 families comprise 76% of the Greek ascidian species richness. The present effort revealed the limited taxonomic research effort devoted to the ascidian fauna of Greece, © Antoniadou C et al. -
The Non-Native Solitary Ascidian Ciona Intestinalis (L.) Depresses Species Richness ⁎ Julia C
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 342 (2007) 5–14 www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe The non-native solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis (L.) depresses species richness ⁎ Julia C. Blum ,1, Andrew L. Chang 5, Marcela Liljesthröm 2, Michelle E. Schenk 3, Mia K. Steinberg 4, Gregory M. Ruiz Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, P.O. Box 28, Edgewater, MD 21037, United States Received 1 September 2006; received in revised form 1 October 2006; accepted 9 October 2006 Abstract Non-native ascidians are a dominant feature of many sessile marine communities throughout the world and may have negative effects on species diversity. We tested effects of the non-native Ciona intestinalis on the sessile invertebrate community in San Francisco Bay, where it occurs in dense aggregations. In particular, we compared species richness between PVC panels from which C. intestinalis were experimentally removed to panels with naturally dense C. intestinalis growth, using fouling panels of four sizes (between 49 cm2 and 1177 cm2) to measure the effect of C. intestinalis recruitment on species-area relationships. We initially deployed 120 fouling panels (30 of each size) at a site known to have dense populations of C. intestinalis, assigning these to three different treatments: (1) Experimental removal, whereby new recruits of C. intestinalis were removed on a weekly basis, pulling panels out of the water for a short time period to do so; (2) Manipulated control, whereby panels were removed from the water each week (as in the experimental removal) but without C. intestinalis removal; and (3) Unmanipulated control, which remained in the water throughout the experiment. -
Biology of Chordates Video Guide
Branches on the Tree of Life DVD – CHORDATES Written and photographed by David Denning and Bruce Russell ©2005, BioMEDIA ASSOCIATES (THUMBNAIL IMAGES IN THIS GUIDE ARE FROM THE DVD PROGRAM) .. .. To many students, the phylum Chordata doesn’t seem to make much sense. It contains such apparently disparate animals as tunicates (sea squirts), lancelets, fish and humans. This program explores the evolution, structure and classification of chordates with the main goal to clarify the unity of Phylum Chordata. All chordates possess four characteristics that define the phylum, although in most species, these characteristics can only be seen during a relatively small portion of the life cycle (and this is often an embryonic or larval stage, when the animal is difficult to observe). These defining characteristics are: the notochord (dorsal stiffening rod), a hollow dorsal nerve cord; pharyngeal gills; and a post anal tail that includes the notochord and nerve cord. Subphylum Urochordata The most primitive chordates are the tunicates or sea squirts, and closely related groups such as the larvaceans (Appendicularians). In tunicates, the chordate characteristics can be observed only by examining the entire life cycle. The adult feeds using a ‘pharyngeal basket’, a type of pharyngeal gill formed into a mesh-like basket. Cilia on the gill draw water into the mouth, through the basket mesh and out the excurrent siphon. Tunicates have an unusual heart which pumps by ‘wringing out’. It also reverses direction periodically. Tunicates are usually hermaphroditic, often casting eggs and sperm directly into the sea. After fertilization, the zygote develops into a ‘tadpole larva’. This swimming larva shows the remaining three chordate characters - notochord, dorsal nerve cord and post-anal tail.