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Sobre La Identidad Taxonómica De Brachistosternus Peruvianus Piza, 1974 (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) Revista Peruana De Biología, Vol

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Sobre La Identidad Taxonómica De Brachistosternus Peruvianus Piza, 1974 (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) Revista Peruana De Biología, Vol Revista Peruana de Biología ISSN: 1561-0837 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Perú Ochoa, José A. Sobre la identidad taxonómica de Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974 (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) Revista Peruana de Biología, vol. 18, núm. 1, abril, 2011, pp. 3-12 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima, Perú Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=195022429001 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Rev. peru. biol. 18(1): 003- 012 (Abril 2011) © Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas UNMSM Identidad taxonómica de BRACHISTOSTERNUSISSN 1561-0837 PERUVIANUS Sobre la identidad taxonómica de Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974 (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) On the taxonomic identity of Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974 (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) José A. Ochoa Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de Resumen São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 101, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Se establece la verdadera identidad de Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974, un controversial escorpión an- Brasil. Email: jaochoac2000@ dino, previamente confundido con Brachistosternus andinus Chamberlin, 1916. Ambas especies habitan en valles yahoo.com interandinos del sur del Perú, y pertenecen al subgénero Brachistosternus (Ministernus) Francke. Se presenta una detallada redescripción para ambas especies basada en la morfología externa, patrones de pigmentación y caracteres del hemispermatóforo. Se reportan también nuevos registros y una breve discusión sobre la ecología y distribución de estas dos especies. Presentado: 20/11/2010 Palabras clave: Scorpiones, Bothriuridae, Brachistosternus, Perú, Andes. Aceptado: 25/01/2011 Publicado online: 23/06/2011 Abstract The true identity of Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974, a controversial Andean scorpion previously confused with Brachistosternus andinus Chamberlin, 1916, is established. Both species inhabit inter Andean valleys of southern Peru and belong to the subgenus Brachistosternus (Ministernus) Francke. A detailed redescription of both species based on external morphology, pigmentation pattern and hemispermatophore features are provided. New records for these species, along with brief discussions of the ecology and distribution are also reported. Keywords: Scorpiones, Bothriuridae, Brachistosternus, Peru, Andes. Introducción series MHNC 107–111 de la localidad de Pachachaca y series En 1974 fue descrita la especie de escorpión Brachistosternus MHNC 101–104 de la localidad de Cunyac; por tal razón el peruvianus Piza, para el departamento de Apurímac en el sur del material tipo correspondería a una de las dos localidades. Lamen- Perú (Piza 1974), desde entonces la posición taxonómica de esta tablemente Piza (1974) no menciona localidad, fecha de colecta especie fue largamente considerada como incierta y su validez ni número de serie. En el MHNC se encuentran parte del lote fue cuestionada por varios autores (Francke 1977, Maury 1978, correspondiente a la localidad de Pachachaca (series 112–114, Ochoa & Acosta 2002). La causa principal de esta confusión ra- 116–118, 123–125), lo cual permitió, además de material adi- dica en que la descripción original no presenta detalles suficientes cional procedente de otras localidades en el departamento de que permitan discriminarla de otras especies dentro del género Apurímac, diferenciar B. peruvianus de B. andinus y confirmar Brachistosternus Pocock, 1893. Maury (1978) supone por algu- su status como especie válida. Maury (1978) confunde ambas nos datos de la descripción, las fotos, y procedencia del material, especies probablemente porque no tuvo acceso a ejemplares que podía tratarse de un sinónimo posterior de Brachistosternus machos adultos de los verdaderos B. andinus, incluso el dibujo andinus Chamberlin, 1916, que habita los valles interandinos que ofrece del hemiespermatóforo (figs. 11, 12 de Maury 1978) en el departamento de Cusco (Ochoa 2005); no obstante, dicho sin duda corresponde a B. peruvianus. autor no tuvo acceso al material tipo de B. peruvianus, por tanto En un trabajo anterior (Ochoa 2005) ya habíamos conside- no formalizó la sinonimia. Esta suposición fue tomada como rado ambas entidades como especies distintas, las cuales además válida por Lowe & Fet (2000) en su Catálogo de escorpiones, presentan distribución alopátrica en el sur del Perú; ello fue quienes erróneamente ubican a B. peruvianus como sinónimo ratificado posteriormente por Ojanguren Affilastro & Ramírez de B. andinus, atribuyendo la sinonimia a Maury (1978). (2009), quienes tuvieron acceso a la mayoría de los especíme- Según la descripción original (Piza 1974), el material tipo nes estudiados por Maury. En el presente estudio presentamos (un macho y una hembra sintipos) fueron depositados en la una descripción detallada de ambas especies de acuerdo a los Escuela Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” en Piracicaba estándares actuales. del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, sin embargo, en el Catálogo de Brachistosternus andinus y B. peruvianus, pertenecen al subgé- Lowe & Fet (2000) mencionan erróneamente que dicho material nero Brachistosternus (Ministernus) Francke, 1985 (Ojanguren estaría depositado en el Museo de Zoologia de la Universidade Affilastro & Ramírez 2009) el cual se caracteriza principalmente de São Paulo (MZUSP). Es muy probable que en la actualidad por tener 9 a 13 tricobotrias ventrales y 5 tricobotrias externas dicho material se encuentre perdido. basales en la pinza del pedipalpo, patela con 3 tricobotrias La revisión de la colección de escorpiones del Museo de ventrales y 12 externas (falta la esb2); quelíceros pequeños de Historia Natural de la Universidad del Cusco (MHNC), nos cuerpo corto con un solo diente subdistal en el dedo móvil. permitió detectar algunos ejemplares etiquetados como Bra- El subgénero incluye dos especies más: B. ferrugineus (Thorell, chistosternus peruvianus colectados en 1969 procedentes del 1876) y B. simoneae Lourenço, 2000; la primera es una especie departamento de Apurímac. De acuerdo con O. Ochoa M. (com. que tiene distribución chaqueña en Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay pers.), quien colectó y envió el material a Piza, se remitieron y SO de Brasil (Maury 1973, 1974, 1979; Acosta & Maury ejemplares de dos localidades del departamento de Apurímac: 1998; Acosta & Ochoa 2002; Ojanguren Affilastro & Ramírez, Rev. peru. biol. 18(1): 003- 012 (April 2011) 3 Ochoa Figura 1. Mapa de distribución de Brachistosternus andinus Chamberlin, 1916 (círculos) y Brachistosternus peruvianus Piza, 1974 (estrellas), en los departamentos de Apurímac y Cusco en el sur de Perú. 2009); B. simoneae fue descrito para el estado de Goiás en Brasil en milimetros siguiendo la metodologia de Sissom et al. (1990). en ambientes de Cerrado (Lourenço 2000), aunque se sospecha El mapa de distribución fue generado con el programa DIVA- que se trata de un sinónimo de B. ferrugineus (A. Ojanguren GIS Version 5.4 (http://www.diva-gis.org/) superponiendo los Affilastro y C. Mattoni com. pers.); mientras que B. andinus y puntos y coordenadas de las localidades de colecta en una base B. peruvianus, se encuentran presentes en valles interandinos del de datos digital del CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information sur del Perú (Ochoa 2005). (CGIAR-CSI) disponible en http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org. Materiales y métodos Taxonomía El material mencionado en el presente trabajo corresponde FAMILIA BOTHRIURIDAE SIMON, 1880 a las siguientes instituciones y museos: AMNH: American BRACHISTOSTERNUS POCOCK, 1893 Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; CDA: Cátedra BRACHISTOSTERNUS (MINISTERNUS) FRANCKE, 1985 de Diversidad Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Brachistosternus (Ministernus) andinus FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA. Chamberlin, 1916 MHNC: Museo de Historia Natural, Facultad de Ciencias Bio- (figs. 2–11) lógicas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Perú. ESALQ: Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Brachistosternus andinus Chamberlin, 1916: 179; Mello-Leitão, Universidad de São Paolo, Piracicaba, Brasil. 1931: 94, 1932: 34, 1945: 225; Aguilar & Meneses, 1970: 2; Kovařík, 1998: 101; Ochoa & Acosta, 2002: 2; Ochoa, 2005: 61, Para la terminología de la morfología general utilizamos los tabla 2; Rein, 2007: 3, 7; Ochoa & Prendini, 2010: 43; Ojanguren trabajos de Vachon (1952) y Stahnke (1970); Prendini (2000) Affilastro & Ramírez, 2009: 188, 192, figs. 1, 2, 3A. Brachistosternus (Microsternus) andinus: Maury, 1973 (part): 251, para las carenas del pedipalpo: interno mediana (IM), digital (D), 1974 (part): 81, 1978 (part): 23, figs. 1-12, tabla I; Francke, 1977: dorsal interna (DI), dorsal mediana (DM), dorsal externa (DE), 75; Del Castillo, 1986 (part): 90, 91. dorsal marginal (DMA), dorsal secundaria (DS), externa (E), Brachistosternus (Ministernus) andinus: Lowe & Fet, 2000 (part): externa mediana (EM), ventral externa (VE), ventral mediana 52; Ochoa, 2003: 55; 2005: 54, 58, 62, fig. 4; Ojanguren Affilastro (VM), ventral interna (VI), proceso dorsal de la patela (DPP), et al., 2007: 5, tabla 1; Ojanguren Affilastro & Ramírez, 2009: 188, 192. proceso ventral de la patela (VPP); Ochoa et al. (2010) para la Serie típica. Holotipo hembra
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