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Construcción De Una Teoría De Lo Grande Inteligencia Acumulativa En La Definición De Una Realidad Aumentada

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Construcción De Una Teoría De Lo Grande Inteligencia Acumulativa En La Definición De Una Realidad Aumentada UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE ARQUITECTURA DEPARTAMENTO DE PROYECTOS ARQUITECTÓNICOS TESIS DOCTORAL CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA TEORÍA DE LO GRANDE INTELIGENCIA ACUMULATIVA EN LA DEFINICIÓN DE UNA REALIDAD AUMENTADA IRENE PÉREZ LÓPEZ Arquitecto DIRECTORES DE TESIS FEDERICO SORIANO PELÁEZ LUIS ANTONIO GUTIÉRREZ CABRERO 2016 II D.12 Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. Y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día Presidente D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Secretario D. Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de Tesis el día en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Calificación: EL PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO III IV CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA TEORÍA DE LO GRANDEINTELIGENCIA ACUMULATIVA EN LA DEFINICIÓN DE UNA REALIDAD AUMENTADA VI Nada grande si ha alcanzado sin entusiasmo Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-82) VII VIII RESUMEN CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA TEORÍA DE LO GRANDE INTELIGENCIA ACUMULATIVA EN LA DEFINICIÓN DE UNA REALIDAD AUMENTADA La tesis analiza los antecedentes y el contexto entre el espacio y a la política, mediante una análisis arquitectónico de aquellas obras que se pueden que enmarque las posiciones de apoyo, refuerzo o enmarcar dentro del concepto de lo Grande. rechazo en la relación de la obra de arquitectura y Arrancando en los movimientos utópicos, la naturaleza política que esta adquiere por la mera megaestructuralistas o radicales de los años sesenta, condición de ser Grande. nos conduce hasta conceptos, proyectos y teorías contemporáneos. Desplazamiento de conceptos, ofrece condiciones y ejemplos que permiten definir las ‘propiedades’ de Para ello es preciso, definir lo Grande no solo a lo Grande, a través de una investigación teórica y través de cuestiones dimensionales, sino también analítica de las herramientas y estrategias que operan de cambio de dimensión espacial y conceptual. Se en estas escalas, para confirmar cómo, desarrollos estudian arquitecturas, que, una vez superado un aparentemente cuantitativos, pueden dar lugar a cierto volumen, magnitud o grado de complejidad, avances cualitativos o a mutaciones que permitan se convierten en un ‘edificio grande’, adquiriendo superar los paradigmas anteriores. El objetivo es la propiedades de otra naturaleza, generando un definición del conjunto de instrumentos, estrategias cambio o salto entre escalas, o un desplazamiento y operaciones que sintetizan los valores de cada entre campos, rompiendo los límites habituales de la concepto, con las que construir una ‘cosmogonía’ escala, el tamaño u otras codificaciones con las que sobre el tema, apoyándose para ello en textos de se categorizan los proyectos entre la ‘arquitectura’ referencia, proyectos paradigmáticos y conceptos y la ‘ciudad’. derivados de los análisis. El cuerpo de tesis principal se estructura en Los conceptos a estudio devienen directamente dos secciones, ‘Genealogías y asociaciones’ y de ciertos atributos y características detectadas en ‘Desplazamiento de conceptos’, y una Conclusión, las genealogías de lo Grande. Así, consideramos que trata de compilar las consideraciones o Grande a aquella arquitectura cuya escala y tamaño conclusiones extraídas de lo anterior, construyendo ha experimentado lo que definiremos como ‘cambio así la propia teoría de lo Grande. de dimensiones’, no solo a nivel dimensional, sino también perceptivo, técnico y contextual; su Genealogías y asociaciones revisa las formas tamaño no solo depende de sus magnitudes sino de conocimiento que contextualizan lo Grande, también de la cantidad de materia que contiene haciendo un barrido de las estructuras sociales, el sistema o que circula por él; que tiene trazas, económicas y políticas, desde una perspectiva y dotes y propiedades de infraestructura; que está un marco con influencia directa en la arquitectura. instalada, y por tanto, es reactiva con el medio; Recorre teorías, tesis y proyectos que reflexionan por ello, es al mismo tiempo autónoma respecto al o trabajan en lo Grande y en los límites entre las todo, aunque relacionada con él; un espacio capaz escalas desde la década de los sesenta hasta de aceptar la indeterminación de ciertas partes hoy día. En ese barrido examina conceptos y frente a la especificidad de otras, como forma de condiciones capaces de abrir nuevos paradigmas admitir la pérdida del control total y el detalle; por y escenarios arquitectónicos. El contexto socio- tanto, que ha desplazado la planificación y el diseño cultural que lo enmarca resulta crucial para definir por la investigación programática y la estrategia posteriormente conceptos, en un barrido desde la operativa. En definitiva una arquitectura que cultura de masas a la sociedad de la información, desplaza o muta conceptos, atributos y estrategias repasando la influencia y repercusión que ha tenido de otras disciplinas, de los saltos entre escalas y de la tecnología y la globalización en el desarrollo de los nuevos programas. la arquitectura. Por último, se estudian conceptos IX X ABSTRACT CONSTRUCTION OF A THEORY OF BIGNESS ACCUMULATIVE INTELLIGENCE IN THE DEFINITION OF AN AUGMENTED REALITY The thesis will analyze the architectural background of architecture, and the political nature the work is and context of those works which can be framed given only due to its condition of being Big. within the concept of Bigness. From the utopian, megastructuralism and radical movements of the The following section, Displacement of Concepts, sixties, it will lead to contemporary concepts, provides conditions and examples which allow projects and theories, and ultimately define a theory the definition of the ‘characteristics’ of Bigness by of Bigness. means of a theoretical and analytical investigation of the tools and strategies which operate on these It will be necessary to define Bigness or the Large, scales. This is in order to confirm how apparently not only in terms of size, but also considering quantitative developments can lead to qualitative change in spatial and conceptual dimensions. Its advances or to mutations that enable the overcoming case studies are architectures which, surpassing a of previous paradigms. The objective is to define certain volume, magnitude or degree of complexity, the set of strategies, operations and tools, which become a ‘large building’ and acquire characteristics synthesize the values of each concept; the grounding of another nature. This generates a change or ‘leap’ for a “cosmogony” of the subject, underpinned by in scale, or a displacement in fields, breaking the relevant reference texts, paradigmatic projects and conventional limits of scale, size and other codes concepts stemming from the analyses. used to categorise projects within ‘architecture’ or the ‘city’. The concepts of study arise directly from certain attributes and characteristics detected in Bigness. The main body of the thesis is structured into For this purpose, it is that architecture whose two sections, Genealogies and Associations and dimensions and size have experienced what we will Displacement of Concepts, and the Conclusion, define as a ‘change of dimensions’, not only of size, which will compile the considerations and but also perceptual, technical and contextual;its conclusions extracted from the previous parts, size depends not only on its magnitude but also the building the actual theory of Bigness. amount of material that contains or flows through system; which possesses traits, faculties and The first section,Genealogies and Associations, will features of an infrastructure; which is installed, and review the forms of knowledge which contextualize is therefore reactive with its surroundings; due to the Large, covering a spectrum of social, economic this, it will be autonomous with respect to the whole and political structures from the framework and and yet related to it; a space which can accept the perspective of their direct influence on architecture. undetermined nature of some of its parts as well as It will account theories, thesis and projects which the specificity of other parts, acknowledging the reflect or work onBigness and on the limits between loss of total control and detail; and thus, which has scales from the sixties to today, examining those displaced planning and design with operational concepts and conditions which may be useful strategies. In conclusion, an architecture that to unfold new settings and paradigms. As the displaces or mutates concepts, attributes and sociocultural context will also prove crucial in order to strategies stemming from other disciplines, from the later define concepts, a broad sweep will cover from jumps between scales, and from the new programs. the mass society to the information society, revising the influence and repercussions of technology and globalization on the development of architecture. Lastly, it will study concepts in-between space and politics, by means of a study framing positions of support, assistance or rejection towards the work XI CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA TEORÍA DE LO GRANDE INTELIGENCIA ACUMULATIVA EN LA DEFINICIÓN DE UNA REALIDAD AUMENTADA ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN 1 TEORÍA 5 HIPÓTESIS TEOREMAS METODOLOGÍA ESTRUCTURA MARCO CONCEPTUAL Y TEMPORAL DEFINICIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE LO GRANDE 14 DESPLAZAMIENTO DE CONCEPTOS 18 LOS CAPÍTULOS. ESTRATEGIAS CUANTITATIVAS-OPERATIVAS-OCUPACIÓN GENEALOGÍA Y ASOCIACIONES 25 GENEALOGÍAS Y ANTECEDENTES ARQUITECTÓNICOS 29 DE LA UTOPÍA DE LOS ´60 AL ESPACIO NEGATIVO CONTEMPORÁNEO TRAYECTORIAS DE ESTUDIO. MOVIMIENTOS, TEORÍAS, TALLERES Movimientos, Teorías, Talleres TRAYECTORIAS DE TRABAJO. PROYECTOS
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