A Comparative Analysis of the Status of Sign Languages in Europe
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Sign Language Typology Series
SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10 -
Learning/Teaching Philosophy in Sign Language As a Cultural Issue
DOI: 10.15503/jecs20131-9-19 Journal of Education Culture and Society No. 1_2013 9 Learning/teaching philosophy in sign language as a cultural issue Maria de Fátima Sá Correia [email protected] Orquídea Coelho [email protected] António Magalhães [email protected] Andrea Benvenuto [email protected] Abstract This paper is about the process of learning/teaching philosophy in a class of deaf stu- dents. It starts with a presentation of Portuguese Sign Language that, as with other sign lan- guages, is recognized as a language on equal terms with vocal languages. However, in spite of the recognition of that identity, sign languages have specifi city related to the quadrimodal way of their production, and iconicity is an exclusive quality. Next, it will be argued that according to linguistic relativism - even in its weak version - language is a mould of thought. The idea of Philosophy is then discussed as an area of knowledge in which the author and the language of its production are always present. Finally, it is argued that learning/teaching Philosophy in Sign Language in a class of deaf students is linked to deaf culture and it is not merely a way of overcoming diffi culties with the spoken language. Key words: Bilingual education, Deaf culture, Learning-teaching Philosophy, Portuguese Sign Language. According to Portuguese law (Decreto-Lei 3/2008 de 7 de Janeiro de 2008 e Law 21 de 12 de Maio de 2008), in the “escolas de referência para a educação bilingue de alunos surdos” (EREBAS) (reference schools for bilingual education of deaf stu- dents) deaf students have to attend classes in Portuguese Sign Language. -
Learn to Use Signpuddle 1.0 on The
Some Dictionaries: ™ SignPuddle Online American Sign Language www.SignBank.org/signpuddle Arabic Sign Languages Brazilian Sign Language British Sign Language Colombian Sign Language Czech Sign Language Danish Sign Language Finnish Sign Language Flemish Sign Language French Sign Language German Sign Language Greek Sign Language International Sign Languages Irish Sign Language Italian Sign Language Japanese Sign Language Maltese Sign Language Come Splash in a Sign Puddle! Netherlands Sign Language 1. FREE on the web! Nicaraguan Sign Language Northern Ireland Sign Language 2. Search Sign Language Dictionaries. Norwegian Sign Language 3. Create your own signs and add them. Polish Sign Language 4. Send email in SignWriting®. Quebec Sign Language 5. Translate words to SignWriting. Spanish Sign Language 6. Create documents with SignWriting. Swiss Sign Languages 7. Have fun sharing signs on the internet! Taiwan Sign Language ...and others... http://www.SignBank.org/signpuddle Search by Words 1. Click on the icon: Search by Words 2. In the Search field: Type a word or a letter. 3. Press the Search button. 4. All the signs that use that word will list for you in SignWriting. 5. You can then copy the sign, or drag and drop it, into other documents. http://www.SignBank.org/signpuddle Search by Signs 1. Click on the icon: Search by Signs 2. In the Search field: Type a word or a letter. 3. Press the Search button. 4. The signs will list in small size. 5. Click on the small sign you want, and a larger version will appear... http://www.SignBank.org/signpuddle Search by Symbols 1. -
Sign Language Endangerment and Linguistic Diversity Ben Braithwaite
RESEARCH REPORT Sign language endangerment and linguistic diversity Ben Braithwaite University of the West Indies at St. Augustine It has become increasingly clear that current threats to global linguistic diversity are not re - stricted to the loss of spoken languages. Signed languages are vulnerable to familiar patterns of language shift and the global spread of a few influential languages. But the ecologies of signed languages are also affected by genetics, social attitudes toward deafness, educational and public health policies, and a widespread modality chauvinism that views spoken languages as inherently superior or more desirable. This research report reviews what is known about sign language vi - tality and endangerment globally, and considers the responses from communities, governments, and linguists. It is striking how little attention has been paid to sign language vitality, endangerment, and re - vitalization, even as research on signed languages has occupied an increasingly prominent posi - tion in linguistic theory. It is time for linguists from a broader range of backgrounds to consider the causes, consequences, and appropriate responses to current threats to sign language diversity. In doing so, we must articulate more clearly the value of this diversity to the field of linguistics and the responsibilities the field has toward preserving it.* Keywords : language endangerment, language vitality, language documentation, signed languages 1. Introduction. Concerns about sign language endangerment are not new. Almost immediately after the invention of film, the US National Association of the Deaf began producing films to capture American Sign Language (ASL), motivated by a fear within the deaf community that their language was endangered (Schuchman 2004). -
The Role of Technology to Teaching and Learning Sign Languages: a Systematic Mapping
The Role of Technology to Teaching and Learning Sign Languages: A Systematic Mapping Venilton FalvoJr Lilian Passos Scatalon Ellen Francine Barbosa University of Sao˜ Paulo (ICMC-USP) University of Sao˜ Paulo (ICMC-USP) University of Sao˜ Paulo (ICMC-USP) Sao˜ Carlos-SP, Brazil Sao˜ Carlos-SP, Brazil Sao˜ Carlos-SP, Brazil [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Context: The teaching and learning process has Thus, for the development of effective educational environ- become essential for the evolution of the society as a whole. ments, it is essential that intrinsic user characteristics are con- However, there are still major challenges for achieving the global sidered, such as their physical limitations. In this sense, deaf goals of education, especially if we consider the portion of the population with some type of physical disability. In this and hard of hearing (D/HH) people face struggles in education context, according to World Federation of the Deaf (WFD), deaf due to inappropriate learning environments, especially when children face many difficulties in education due to inappropriate there is a lack of support for sign languages [3]. learning environments. Also, this problem is compounded by the Sign languages are fully fledged natural languages, struc- lack of consistency worldwide in the provision of sign language turally distinct from the spoken languages. There is also an interpreting and translation. Motivation: However, the advent of technology is having a significant impact on the way that international sign language, which is used by deaf people sign language interpreters and translators work. In this sense, in international meetings and informally when travelling and the union between Information and Communication Technologies socializing. -
Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation Through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of New Mexico University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Linguistics ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2009 Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology Erin Wilkinson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds Recommended Citation Wilkinson, Erin. "Typology of Signed Languages: Differentiation through Kinship Terminology." (2009). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ling_etds/40 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Linguistics ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TYPOLOGY OF SIGNED LANGUAGES: DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY BY ERIN LAINE WILKINSON B.A., Language Studies, Wellesley College, 1999 M.A., Linguistics, Gallaudet University, 2001 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Linguistics The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico August, 2009 ©2009, Erin Laine Wilkinson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION To my mother iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to Barbara Pennacchi for kick starting me on my dissertation by giving me a room at her house, cooking me dinner, and making Italian coffee in Rome during November 2007. Your endless support, patience, and thoughtful discussions are gratefully taken into my heart, and I truly appreciate what you have done for me. I heartily acknowledge Dr. William Croft, my advisor, for continuing to encourage me through the long number of months writing and rewriting these chapters. -
What Corpus-Based Research on Negation in Auslan and PJM Tells Us About Building and Using Sign Language Corpora
What Corpus-Based Research on Negation in Auslan and PJM Tells Us About Building and Using Sign Language Corpora Anna Kuder1, Joanna Filipczak1, Piotr Mostowski1, Paweł Rutkowski1, Trevor Johnston2 1Section for Sign Linguistics, Faculty of the Polish Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland 2Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2109 {anna.kuder, j.filipczak, piotr.mostowski, p.rutkowski}@uw.edu.pl, [email protected] Abstract In this paper, we would like to discuss our current work on negation in Auslan (Australian Sign Language) and PJM (Polish Sign Language, polski język migowy) as an example of experience in using sign language corpus data for research purposes. We describe how we prepared the data for two detailed empirical studies, given similarities and differences between the Australian and Polish corpus projects. We present our findings on negation in both languages, which turn out to be surprisingly similar. At the same time, what the two corpus studies show seems to be quite different from many previous descriptions of sign language negation found in the literature. Some remarks on how to effectively plan and carry out the annotation process of sign language texts are outlined at the end of the present paper, as they might be helpful to other researchers working on designing a corpus. Our work leads to two main conclusions: (1) in many cases, usage data may not be easily reconciled with intuitions and assumptions about how sign languages function and what their grammatical characteristics are like, (2) in order to obtain representative and reliable data from large-scale corpora one needs to plan and carry out the annotation process very thoroughly. -
“Danish Sign Language [Dsl] (A Language of Denmark)
“Danish Sign Language [dsl] (A language of Denmark) • Alternate Names: Dansk tegnsprog, DTS • Population: 5,000 in Denmark (2007). 24,500 (2014 IMB). • Location: Scattered. • Language Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2015, Law 61, amendment to Danish Language Council). • Dialects: None known. Faroe Islands, Greenland (2014 J. Zachariassen; Aldersson and McEntee-Atalianis 2007). Some signs are related to French Sign Language [fsl]. Intelligible with Swedish [swl] and Norwegian [nsl] sign languages with only moderate difficulty. Not intelligible with Finnish Sign Language [fse]. Signed Danish is distinct, but used in communication with some hearing people. • Typology: One-handed fingerspelling. • Language Use: First deaf school began in 1807. Used in all 6 state primary schools for the deaf. Interpreters are required in court, and may be used at important public events, in job training, social services, and mental health programs. • Language Development: Films. TV. Videos. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible portions: 2013. • Other Comments: Fingerspelling system similar to French Sign Language [fsl]. Organization for sign language teachers. Instruction provided for parents of deaf children and other hearing people. Christian (Protestant).” Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.) 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. Related Readings Aldersson, Russell, and Lisa McEntee-Atalianis 2008 A Lexical Comparison of Signs from Icelandic and Danish Sign Languages. Sign Language Studies 9(1): 45-87. Engberg-Pedersen, Elisabeth 2010 Expressions of Causation in Danish Sign Language. Sign Language & Linguistics 13(1): 40-67. Last Updated: April 13, 2015 . -
Portuguese Sign Language [Psr] (A Language of Portugal)
“Portuguese Sign Language [psr] (A language of Portugal) • Alternate Names: LGP, Lingua Gestual Portuguesa • Population: 52,000 (2014 IMB). 60,000 sign language users (2014 EUD). 150,000 deaf (2010 Federação Portuguesa das Associações de Surdos). • Location: Scattered, including Azores and Madeira islands. • Language Status: 5 (Developing). • Dialects: Lisbon, Oporto. Historical influence from Swedish Sign Language [swl]. Older signers attended separate schools for boys and girls in Lisbon and Oporto, resulting in some variation by gender and region. (Van Cleve 1986) These differences have largely disappeared in younger signers. No apparent relationship to Spanish sign language, based on a lexical comparison of non-iconic signs. (Eberle and Eberle 2012). • Typology: One-handed fingerspelling. • Language Use: While Portuguese Sign Language is the primary language of communication for most deaf people, widely varying degrees of bilingualism (spoken and written) in Portuguese [por] are common. Written Portuguese is valued for access to mainstream society and employment. • Language Development: Videos. Dictionary. Grammar. • Other Comments: Fingerspelling system shows many differences from other European countries. 100 working sign language interpreters (2014 EUD). Taught as L2 at the university level. Christian (Roman Catholic).” Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.) 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. Related Readings Carmo, Patrícia do, Alexandre Castro-Caldas, Ronice Müller de Quadros, Joana Castelo Branco, and Ana Mineiro 2013 Handshape is the Hardest Path in Portuguese Sign Language Acquisition: Towards a Universal Modality Constraint. Sign Language & Linguistics 16(1): 75. Santos, Cátia, and António Luís Carvalho 2012 The Core Competencies of the Portuguese Supervisor's Sign Language Interpreters’ Students. -
Toponyms in Ban Khor Sign Language | Angela M
Toponyms in Ban Khor Sign Language | Angela M. Nonaka 66 Toponyms in Ban Khor Sign Language Angela M. Nonaka The University of Texas at Austin (USA) [email protected] Introduction Ban Khor Sign Language (BKSL) is a rare language variety known as a ‘village’ (Zeshan 2004) or ‘indigenous’ (Woodward 2000) sign language. This type of sign language develops in small face-to-face communities where historically there are/were: 1) demographically `1#$%%%%}`` #####$}`T$ } ~` $ #} ` %T$!;# characteristics of the language ecologies of signing village communities, however, involve their local language ideologies and practices. In such communities, there are no sign language interpreters. Instead, it is common not only for deaf people but also for hearing residents to acquire and use the village sign language. Because it is widely used by both deaf and hearing people in the course of everyday life, the village sign language facilitates the inclusion (vs. exclusion) of deaf members of the community. Villages with indigenous sign languages are unusual but have been found elsewhere: in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and Oceania, the Caribbean, and the Middle East (Branson & ^}@!}#$$}}} }@}X;}$¥}}¨}¨ }~}=#}=$}=~¥ $}=¥}=}+#¢^$}+ }^+¥}^}^%#¢<}^!} ~$}¥}!}\ !}}*!}*$}*#};! }@}$¥}`!* communities’ alternative social constructions of and communicative responses to deafness is enriching anthropological understanding of cultural variation, and research on the local sign languages is expanding knowledge of linguistics in areas such as: documentary linguistics, typological linguistics, historical linguistics, language universals, and so on. In anthropological linguistics, there is a robust literature on onomastics—the study of the origin and forms of proper names (personal, place, brand, etc.). Names are interesting and useful phenomena for linguistic and cultural analysis because naming systems and practices mirror and order the social world. -
Sign Language Acronyms
Sign language acronyms Throughout the Manual, the following abbreviations for sign languages are used (some of which are acronyms based on the name of the sign language used in the respective countries): ABSL Al Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language AdaSL Adamorobe Sign Language (Ghana) ASL American Sign Language Auslan Australian Sign Language BSL British Sign Language CSL Chinese Sign Language DGS German Sign Language (Deutsche Gebärdensprache) DSGS Swiss-German Sign Language (Deutsch-Schweizerische Gebärdensprache) DTS Danish Sign Language (Dansk Tegnsprog) FinSL Finnish Sign Language GSL Greek Sign Language HKSL Hong Kong Sign Language HZJ Croatian Sign Language (Hrvatski Znakovni Jezik) IPSL Indopakistani Sign Language Inuit SL Inuit Sign Language (Canada) Irish SL Irish Sign Language Israeli SL Israeli Sign Language ÍTM Icelandic Sign Language (Íslenskt táknmál) KK Sign Language of Desa Kolok, Bali (Kata Kolok) KSL Korean Sign Language LIS Italian Sign Language (Lingua dei Segni Italiana) LIU Jordanian Sign Language (Lughat il-Ishaara il-Urdunia) LSA Argentine Sign Language (Lengua de Señas Argentina) Libras Brazilian Sign Language (Língua de Sinais Brasileira) LSC Catalan Sign Language (Llengua de Signes Catalana) LSCol Colombian Sign Language (Lengua de Señas Colombiana) LSE Spanish Sign Language (Lengua de Signos Española) LSF French Sign Language (Langue des Signes Française) LSQ Quebec Sign Language (Langue des Signes Québécoise) NGT Sign Language of the Netherlands (Nederlandse Gebarentaal) NicSL Nicaraguan Sign Language NS Japanese Sign Language (Nihon Syuwa) NSL Norwegian Sign Language NZSL New Zealand Sign Language DOI 10.1515/9781501511806-003, © 2017 Josep Quer, Carlo Cecchetto, Caterina Donati, Carlo Geraci, Meltem Kelepir, Roland Pfau, and Markus Steinbach, published by De Gruyter. -
Sign Language Text Transcriptions and Analyses Using 'Microsoft Excel'
Sign Language Text Transcriptions and Analyses Using ‘Microsoft Excel’ Penny Boyes Braem Center for Sign Language Research, Basel ABSTRACT This is a short explanation of how we have used the commercial software program ‘Microsoft Excel’ for transcriptions of Swiss German Sign Language monologues and conversations. Although the transcription is not directly linked to video, it has the advantage that various kinds of searches and correlations can be carried out on it, that the same basic transcript can be expanded or reduced to be used for different kinds of analyses, and that the analyses can be easily represented and printed out in different forms (charts, graphs, etc.). Type and Purpose of the Sign Language Corpus The first study of Swiss German Sign Language ( D eutsch s chweizerische G ebärden s prache, DSGS) which involved large texts was carried out in 1990 - 19951. The purpose of this study was to compare the signed communication of three deaf early learners of DSGS and three deaf late learners. Videotapes signed data consisted of 3 to 5 minute monologues from all six subjects, as well as five 10-minute conversations between different combinations of the subjects.2 (Additional information about the methodology and subjects in this study can be found in Boyes Braem, 1995, 1999, 2000.) Why Excel was Initially Chosen The transcriptions of the signed data include German glosses for the manual signs, information about nonmanual signals used for grammatical and discourse purposes, ‘mouthings’, and a German translation of the signed text. At the time that these transcriptions were begun (1990), the computer software which would allow direct notation of videoclips on the computer screen, such as can now be done with programs such as SyncWriter, SignStream and MediaTagger, were in the process of being developed.