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Ficlias De Identificación De Especies Del África Noroccidental. Or

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Ficlias De Identificación De Especies Del África Noroccidental. Or Res. Exp. Cient. junio 1981 Ficlias de identificación de especies del África Noroccidental. Or. SCORPAENIFORMES : Fam. SCORPAENIDAE, Farn. TRIGLIDAE * C. ALLUÉ, D. LLORIS, J. RUCABADO Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras de Barcelona. Paseo Nacional, s/n. Barcelona-3 Y A. GUERRA Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras de Vigo. Muelle de Bouzas. Vigo. Polabicrs clui~e:Fichas, identificación, Peces, Triglidae, Scorpaenidae, Atlántico Centro Oriental. Ke)i i.iiords: Identification cards, Fishes, Triglidae, Scorpaenidae, Central West Atlantic coast. RESUMEN: Las «FICHASDE IDENTIFICACTÓN DE ESPECIES. ATLÁNTICOORIIINTAL: ESTRECHODE GIURALTAR- CARO VERDE (Zona CECAF 34)», para las familias Scoipaenidae y Triglidae, responden a una necesidad interna de disponer de un catálogo, identificatorio de las especies ícticas citadas a través de distintos tra- bajos (propios y foráneos), para el área comprendida entre el estrecho de Gi- braltar y las islas del cabo Verde, todas ellas acompañadas de una descripción, diferencias con las especies más sinlilares, hábitos biológicos y de una distri- bución geográfica y batiinétrica en cada caso, además de una clave dicotómica sencilla y clara de los caracteres más aparentes. SUMMARY: SPECIESIDENTIFICATION CARDS OF NORTHWESTERNAFRTCA. 0r. SCOR- PAENIFORMES:Fain. SCORPAENIDAEAND Fam. TRTGLIDAE.- The good acceptance by the inarine-fishery-related-people of a previous set oC Identification Cards published by the authors in 1977, including only the Sporitlrie and Cephrrlol~oclri taxae of NW Africa, encouiaged LIS to prosecute that divulgative task. In the present paper, tlie families Scorpaerlirlne and Trigliclcie, belonging to the Order Scoiprrei~ifori~ies,are presented as a new contribution. These Cards cover the geographical area of the Atlantic Ocean liinited north- wsrd by the Gibraltnr Straii and southward by Cape Verde; tlie agreement is piirticulnrly good I'oi ~lieccntral area, Morocco and Mauritanie. As ihe sñiiipling mctIiodology uscd wns I.iotioin devices, these cards only include species heing mort or Jrss reliited with tlic sea bottom at least during a short period of thcir lifc. The background material used for these cards wrere samples and records col- lected by the authors in severa1 research ciuises carried out on the Saharian shelf during the period between 1971 to 1975, supported by the proiect ~Scien- tific Exploring of the Fisheries of the African Shelf)). Other non published data, personal annotations and bibliographic references \r7eie also taken into account. Each taxa includes a brief introduction, dichotoinic identification keys and the cards of the species. Each card includes scientific nomenclature -according * Recibido el 1 de diciembre de 1980. to CLOFNAM criteria-, syi~oiiyins,FA0 antl UNESCO codes, local iiaiiies, a brief desci~iptiori,tlie sigi~ificativcdiCCerriices witli closc species. sonie features on tlie liCe histoiy ai~dthe geographical distribution. Tlie piciiires. niost of tlieiii origiiial, are schaemntic aiid sliow oiily tlie piiiicipiil iiioililiological features. INTRODUCCION Durante los años 1971 a 1975, el Instituto de Investigacioiies Pesqueras de- sarrolló un notable esfuerzo para llevar a cabo el proyecto multidisciplinar de investigación denominado «Esploraciórl cioztíficcr cle las pesqueríns de la plata- forrrz~~afi.icer~zc~», financiado con fondos dedicados a la investigación por el 111 Plan de Desarrollo Español. El interés del proyecto era obvio, situado dentro del iiiarco del estudio iiiternacional de las áreas de afloramiento ligadas especial- riieiite a la geografía occideiital de los continentes euroafricano y americano. La aportación del proyecto lia quedado reflejada en los diversos artículos dispersos en la bibliografía especializada correspondiente a cada una de las disciplinas implicadas. Desde el punto de vista ictiológico, se efectuó un notable liincapié en el es- tudio taxoiiómico de la ictiofauna local, participando varios especialistas. Diver- sos trabajos se han publicado al respecto, culniinando en una revisión general de las especies identificadas efectuada por LLORISy RUCARADO(1979). Durante la realización del proyecto se echó de nienos un dispositivo de iden- tificación que con rigor científico expusiera de modo esquemático y de fácil aplicación, las principales características de la morfología externa de las especies que conipoiien la fauna local. Taiito más, cuanto para otras áreas oceánicas (Pa- cífico, Caribe, Mediterráneo, etc.) esta laguna lia sido cubierta hace ya tiempo por trabajos coordinados por diversas instituciones internacionales, especialmente FAO. Dicha organización está promoviendo igualmente un trabajo similar para África Occideiital, pero su publicación sufre paulatinas demoras. Es también de destacar el esfuerzo proniovido por otras instituciones (especialmente a través de UNESCO y de la Unión de Ictiólogos Europeos) para actualizar la nomencla- tura y el catálogo de los peces marinos de África Occidental, siendo ésta la labor coiltinuadora de la que para el Mediterráneo y el Atlántico Europeo realizó en su día la UNESCO y que se materializó con el nianual ((CLOFNAM:Check List of tlze Fislzes of the NoiTlz-easterrz Atlaiitic aizd of tlze Mediterrurzecr~i».La publi- cación de aquel trabajo, igualmente por motivos obvios a cualquier trabajo mul- tiautorial y de recopilación, se viene postergando reiteradamente. Teniendo en cuenta toda la argumentación anterior y el hecho de que los autores habían publicado las ~Ficlzas de Iderztificaciórz de Especies. Atlcirifico Orienial: Estreclio de Gibrírltcrr-Cabo Verde (Zona CECAF 34)))correspondien- tes a la familia Spcrridne y a la clase Ceph~lopoíla,han confeccionado las Fichas FICHAS DE IDENTIFICACI~N DE ESPECIES 61 para las familias Scolpnelzidue y Triglidae, que se publican unidas en el presente trabajo. Es más, se ha formalizado un grupo de trabajo que, dirigido por el Dr. C. Bas, irá publicando sucesivamente las fichas del resto de las familias de peces presentes en el área. El área para la que se identifican las especies pertenecientes a las familias Scorpaeizidae y Triglidae está limitada al norte por el Estrecho de Gibraltar y al sur por el cabo Verde, comprendiendo la costa occidental de África. Esta amplia área incluye las divisiones estadísticas de la CECAF 34.1 y 34.2 de modo com- pleto, y parcialmente a las 34.3.1 y 34.3.2 (fig. 1). En cada ficha, además de los caracteres específicos de identificación fáciles de localizar, se indican los que las diferencian con las especies más próximas del área de estudio, todo ello acompañado de dibujos esquemáticos. Como notas com- plementarias, los autores recogen los códigos de identificación de FA0 y UNESCO, FIG. 1. Divisiones estadísticas adoptadas por el Comité de Pesca para el Atlántico Centro Oriental (CECAF). El área punteada es la zona para la cual se describen las especies incluidas en FICHASDE IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES, ATLANTICOORIENTAL (Estrecho de Gibraltar-Cabo Verde. Area CECAF 34). sinonimias, nombres vulgares aceptados como oficiales en cada país, aspectos bio- lógicos y comportamiento, distribución geográfica, batimétrica y métodos de captura. Se han seguido, en la medida de lo posible, los criterios de nomenclatura pro- puestos por el trabajo publicado por UNESCO, CLOFNAM (1973); de modo especial se hace referencias a las advertencias suscritas por tal trabajo en la intro- ducción al volumen 1 y en la página 322 del volumen 11. Numerosos dibujos han sido tomados del natural. El resto ha sido redibujado 62 C. ALLUE, B. LLORIS, .J. RUC.4BAI)O Y A. GUERRA conjugando la bibliografía disponible y las observacioiies del iiatural. Gran parte del trabajo gráfico Iia sido realizado por C. Allué, uno de los autores. Respecto del color y distribución de inaiicl-ias en las diferentes especies, es oportuno seiialar que bajo efectos de «stress» algunos ejemplares pueden variar la pigineiltacióii. Filialmente, sólo queda agradecer al Dr. B. SÉRET,del Ceritre Orsloill de Dakar, su gentileza al proporcionar los noinbres vulgares oficiales franceses y los utili- zados por las dos etilias de pescadores seilegaleses. De igual forina agradecemos a la Sra. C. Borruel el mecanografiado de parte de los originales. Los escorpéiiidos, llaiiiados vulgarnieiite cabraclios, rescazas, escorpiones, ga- lliiietas y peces escorpión, pertenecen al Orden de los SCORPAENIFORMES, cuyas características generales son las de tener las partes superiores, laterales de la cabeza y de la porción inmediata a la región escapular más o iiieiios cubiertas de huesos dérmicos, cuya superficie posee granulacioiies, crestas o aguijones. Uii factor importante a seííalar en esta familia es una cierta semejanza morfo- lógica externa con los SERRANIDAE (meros, serrai-ios, vacas, etc.), que pueden ser considerados como perciformes típicos por el contorno general del cuerpo; por tener radios espinosos en la primera porción de la única aleta dorsal y las aletas pectorales redondeadas. Tal hecho puede representar el lazo de unión entre los perciformes y el resto de escoi~peiiiforiiies(Cótidos, Tríglidos, Cicloptéridos. etcétera). Los últiinos estudios realizados sobre la faiiiilia SCORPAENIDAE agrupan a variadas formas con criterios poco taxoilómicos, pudiendo desinembrarse en el futuro. Dicha familia, en la actualidad, se desglosa en tres subfamilias: SCORPAE- NINAE, SEBASTINAE y SETARCHINAE. La subfaniilia SCORPAENINAE se caracteriza por tener un liueso suborbi- tario ancho o ampliándose gradualmente hacia atrás; canal sensorial suborbital finalizando
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