Final EIR

Buena Vista Lagoon Enhancement Project Environmental Impact Report , SCH#2013041079

Prepared for: SANDAG 401 B Street, Suite 800 San Diego, California 92101

Prepared by: AECOM 401 West A Street, Suite 1200 San Diego, California 92101

September 2017

BUENA VISTA LAGOON ENHANCEMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT

FINAL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA (SCH NO. 2013041079)

Prepared for:

SANDAG 401 B Street, Suite 800 San Diego, California 92101

Prepared by:

AECOM 401 West A Street, Suite 1200 San Diego, California 92101 Phone: (619) 610-7600 Fax: (619) 610-7601

September 2017

401 B Street, Suite 800 September 1, 2017 File Number 3200100 San Diego, CA 92101-4231 (619) 699-1900 Fax (619) 699-1905 TO: Interested Agencies, Organizations, and Individuals sandag.org FROM: Keith Greer, Principal Regional Planner� {µ,-­ SUBJECT: Changes Incorporated into the Final Environmental Impact Report for the Buena Vista Lagoon Enhancement Project, MEMBER AGENCIES State Clearinghouse Number 201304179 Cities of Carlsbad Chula Vista This document is being prepared and processed under the California Environmental Coronado Quality Act (CEQA) by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) as the De/Mar lead agency. This document constitutes the Final Environmental Impact Report El Cajon (EIR) and the title of the document has been updated to reflect that status. Encinitas Escondido Following the public review period of the Draft EIR, clarifications and Imperial Beach corrections were incorporated into the Final EIR. The changes incorporated La Mesa into the Final EIR were for information and clarification purposes and did not Lemon Grove National City result in the identification of new or substantial increase in the severity of Oceanside significant environmental impacts. Key changes are identified and summarized Poway in the table below. Text changes in the Final EIR are indicated by San Diego underline/strikeout text with a line in the margin next to the modified text. San Marcos Note that some minor text changes (e.g., typographic changes) are not Santee reflected in this table or in the underline/strikeout text of the Final EIR. Solana Beach Additionally, copies of all letters and comments received regarding the Draft Vista EIR and the responses to the comments are included in Appendix P of and County of San Diego the Final EIR.

The Draft EIR purposefully did not identify a single proposed project but ADVISORY MEMBERS analyzed four project alternatives at an equal level of detail to provide a Imperial County thorough and complete analysis for the public, agencies, and SANDAG Board California Department of Directors to consider. SANDAG acknowledges that there were many of Transportation differing public opinions regarding preferences for the Saltwater, Hybrid, Metropolitan Freshwater, and No Project Alternatives and that the alternatives represent a Transit System series of tradeoffs that could be made (e.g., freshwater habitat over saltwater North County habitat). TransitDistrict

United States Department of Defense As the CEQA lead agency, SANDAG is required to identify a proposed project for consideration by the SANDAG Board of Directors prior to San Diego certification of the Final EIR. The selection of the proposed project for the EIR Unified Port District is based upon that alternative that best meets the objectives identified in San Diego County Section 1.2 of the EIR. While all alternatives analyzed in the EIR would Water Authority create improvements over the existing conditions, SANDAG finds that the Saltwater Alternative accomplishes the project objectives to the Tribal Chairmen's Association highest degree relative to the other alternatives. Section 4.5 of the Final EIR Mexico elaborates on the rationale for the selection of the proposed project.

Location in Description of Change Final EIR Section 3.11.3 Additional information added regarding natural odors anticipated under each alternative. Section 3.12.2, and Text added as appropriate to include consultation with California State throughout document as Coastal Conservancy guidance document in the design and engineering necessary of the Carlsbad Boulevard bridge and Boardwalk along with the SANDAG Sea Level Rise Study. Section 3.15-4 Mitigation Measure Safety-1, which specifies the placement of signage has been added. The addition of this measure does not change the significance conclusion or reduce the impact to less than significant, but incorporates a feasible measure to help enhance public safety associated with the new inlet under the Saltwater and Hybrid alternatives. Section 4.3 Clarifies why a new inlet to the ocean remain a public health and safety concern even if an inlet crossing was provided. Section 4.4 Clarifies the CEQA requirement pertaining to identification of the Environmental Superior Alternative. Adds clarification on why the No Project is not the Environmental Superior Alternative. Section 4.5 Identifies the proposed project and provided the rationale for the selection of this alternative as the proposed project. Table 5-1 Schedule dates updated for the l-5/SR78 Interchange project. Throughout document Characterization of the freshwater fishing areas as subtidal was revised, as necessary as a freshwater system would not be tidally influenced. Throughout document Reference to kelp establishment has been removed. as necessary Appendix K Revision of one metric on Sea Level Rise and minor math corrections in the table. All shown as a strike-out/underline.

4 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ES-1

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 1.1 Background ...... 1-1 1.1.1 Project Background ...... 1-1 1.1.2 Previous Documentation Related to the Enhancement Project ...... 1-4 1.2 Project Objectives ...... 1-5 1.3 Public Involvement and the CEQA Environmental Process...... 1-6 1.3.1 Notice of Preparation and Public Scoping Period ...... 1-6 1.3.2 Comments Received and Areas of Known Controversy ...... 1-7 1.3.3 Public Comments on Draft EIR ...... 1-10 1.3.4 CEQA EIR Process ...... 1-11 1.4 Permits/Approvals Required ...... 1-12 1.5 Organization of the EIR ...... 1-24

CHAPTER 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ...... 2-1 2.1 Project Location and Environmental Setting ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Lagoon Characteristics and Background ...... 2-1 2.1.2 Littoral Zone Nourishment Site Characteristics and Background ...... 2-5 2.2 Alternatives Selection Process ...... 2-6 2.3 Alternatives Eliminated from Detailed Review ...... 2-7 2.4 Project Alternatives Carried Forward ...... 2-7 2.5 Components Common to Multiple Alternatives ...... 2-12 2.5.1 Boardwalk ...... 2-12 2.5.2 Carlsbad Boulevard Bridge ...... 2-13 2.5.3 I-5 and NCTD LOSSAN Improvements ...... 2-18 2.5.4 Deep-Water Fish Areas ...... 2-19 2.6 Alternatives Characteristics ...... 2-21 2.6.1 Freshwater Alternative ...... 2-21 2.6.2 Saltwater Alternative ...... 2-29 2.6.3 Hybrid Alternative ...... 2-33 2.6.4 No Project Alternative ...... 2-39

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page 2.7 Materials Disposal/Reuse ...... 2-40 2.7.1 Vegetation ...... 2-40 2.7.2 Sediment ...... 2-40 2.8 Construction Methods, Schedule, and Design Features...... 2-49 2.8.1 General Construction Features ...... 2-50 2.8.2 Construction Equipment Mobilization and Demobilization ...... 2-56 2.8.3 Construction Access, Haul Routes, and Staging Areas ...... 2-56 2.8.4 Habitat Enhancement ...... 2-59 2.8.5 Channel/Infrastructure Improvements ...... 2-63 2.8.6 Design Features ...... 2-69 2.9 Monitoring, Maintenance, and Adaptive Management ...... 2-70 2.9.1 Construction Monitoring Program ...... 2-73 2.9.2 Lagoon Enhancement Monitoring Program ...... 2-74 2.9.3 Adaptive Management and Maintenance ...... 2-77

CHAPTER 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ...... 3.0-1 3.0.1 Organization of Each Section ...... 3.0-1 3.0.2 The Environmental Setting and the CEQA Baseline ...... 3.0-4 3.0.3 Definition of Key Impact Terminology ...... 3.0-4 3.1 Land Use/Recreation ...... 3.0-1 3.1.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.1.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-10 3.1.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-11 3.1.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-41 3.2 Hydrology ...... 3.0-1 3.2.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-2 3.2.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-12 3.2.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-13 3.2.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-32 3.3 Oceanography/Coastal Processes ...... 3.0-1 3.3.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-2 3.3.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-9 3.3.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-9

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page 3.3.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-14 3.4 Water and Aquatic Sediment Quality ...... 3.0-1 3.4.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.4.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-15 3.4.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-15 3.4.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-43 3.5 Biological Resources ...... 3.0-1 3.5.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-2 3.5.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-28 3.5.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-30 3.5.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-111 3.6 Geology and Soils ...... 3.0-1 3.6.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.6.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-4 3.6.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-5 3.6.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-15 3.7 Cultural Resources ...... 3.0-1 3.7.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.7.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-11 3.7.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-12 3.7.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-15 3.8 Paleontological Resources ...... 3.0-1 3.8.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.8.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-3 3.8.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-3 3.8.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-8 3.9 Visual Resources ...... 3.0-1 3.9.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.9.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-5 3.9.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-6 3.9.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-45 3.10 Traffic and Circulation ...... 3.0-1 3.10.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.10.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-5

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page 3.10.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-6 3.10.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-22 3.11 Air Quality ...... 3.0-1 3.11.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.11.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-14 3.11.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-15 3.11.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-31 3.12 Global Climate Change, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Sea Level Rise ...... 3.0-1 3.12.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.12.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-5 3.12.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-8 3.12.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-35 3.13 Noise ...... 3.0-1 3.13.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.13.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-12 3.13.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-13 3.13.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-28 3.14 Public Services and Utilities ...... 3.0-1 3.14.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.14.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-6 3.14.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-7 3.14.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-15 3.15 Public Health and Safety ...... 3.0-1 3.15.1 Existing Conditions ...... 3.0-1 3.15.2 Significance Criteria ...... 3.0-5 3.15.3 Impact Analysis ...... 3.0-6 3.15.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 3.0-21

CHAPTER 4.0 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 4-1 4.1 Introduction ...... 4-1 4.2 Evaluation of Alternatives ...... 4-1 4.3 Analysis of Impacts of Alternatives ...... 4-2 4.3.1 Resources with Significant Unavoidable Impacts ...... 4-3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page 4.3.2 Benefits of Alternatives ...... 4-7 4.3.3 Comparison of Alternatives ...... 4-11 4.4 CEQA Environmentally Superior Alternative ...... 4-14 4.5 Selection of the Proposed Project ...... 4-16

CHAPTER 5.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS...... 5-1 5.1 Description of Cumulative Environment ...... 5-2 5.2 Projects Considered in the Cumulative Impacts Analysis ...... 5-2 5.3 Cumulative Impact Analysis ...... 5-12 5.3.1 Land Use and Recreation ...... 5-12 5.3.2 Hydrology ...... 5-14 5.3.3 Coastal Processes ...... 5-15 5.3.4 Water and Aquatic Sediment Quality ...... 5-15 5.3.5 Biological Resources ...... 5-16 5.3.6 Geology and Soils ...... 5-21 5.3.7 Cultural Resources ...... 5-22 5.3.8 Paleontological Resources ...... 5-22 5.3.9 Visual Resources ...... 5-23 5.3.10 Traffic and Circulation ...... 5-24 5.3.11 Air Quality ...... 5-25 5.3.12 Global Climate Change, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Sea Level Rise ...... 5-26 5.3.13 Noise ...... 5-27 5.3.14 Public Services and Utilities ...... 5-28 5.3.15 Public Health and Safety ...... 5-29

CHAPTER 6.0 OTHER CEQA CONSIDERATIONS ...... 6-1 6.1 Impacts Not Found To Be Significant ...... 6-1 6.1.1 Agriculture and Forestry Resources ...... 6-1 6.1.2 Mineral Resources ...... 6-2 6.1.3 Population and Housing ...... 6-2 6.1.4 Hydrology – Flooding Due to Failure of a Levee or Dam ...... 6-2 6.1.5 Geology and Soils – Soils Supporting the Use of Septic Tanks ...... 6-3 6.1.6 Noise – Noise Related to Public Airports or Private Airstrips ...... 6-3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Section Page 6.1.7 Public Services – Schools ...... 6-3 6.1.8 Public Health and Safety – Creation of a Significant Hazard Through Accident Conditions/Hazardous Materials within One- Quarter Mile of a School/Hazards Related to Public Airports or Private Airstrips/ Interference with Emergency Response or Evacuation Plans ...... 6-3 6.2 Significant Irreversible Environmental Changes ...... 6-4 6.3 Growth-Inducing Impacts ...... 6-4 6.4 Mandatory Findings of Significance ...... 6-6 6.5 CEQA Appendix F Energy Evaluation ...... 6-8

CHAPTER 7.0 LIST OF PREPARERS ...... 7-1

CHAPTER 8.0 AGENCIES AND INDIVIDUALS CONSULTED ...... 8-1

CHAPTER 9.0 LITERATURE CITED ...... 9-1

CHAPTER 10.0 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 10-1

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APPENDICES A Public Scoping Information: NOP, Comment Letters, and Transcript of Verbal Comments B Regulatory Setting C Fluvial and Tidal Hydraulics Report D Water Quality Analysis E Biological Technical Report F Marine Biological Resources Technical Report G Cultural Resources Technical Report H Transportation Impact Study I Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Technical Appendix J Noise Technical Appendix K Objective-Based Alternative Analysis (Revised February 2017) L Limited Geotechnical Investigation M Bacteria and Nutrient Modeling Report N Technical Memorandum on Potential for Seiche O Inlet Trafficability Memorandum P Public Comments on Draft EIR and Responses Q Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program

NONCIRCULATING TECHNICAL STUDIES AND REFERENCED ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS Particle Tracking Analysis Shoreline Impact Assessment Surfing Impact Assessment Tidal Inlet Maintenance Program Tidal Inlet Stability Utility Investigation Salt Water Alternative with Existing Carlsbad Boulevard Bridge Tidal and Fluvial Hydraulic Analysis. June 2016. Buena Vista Lagoon Restoration Feasibility Analysis: Final Report. June 2004. I-5 North Coast Corridor Project Supplemental Draft EIR/EIS (SCH No. 2004101076) LOSSAN Proposed Rail Corridor Improvements, Final Program EIR/EIS (SCH No. 2002031067) Environmental Assessment/Final Environmental Impact Report for the San Diego Regional Beach Sand Project II (SCH No. 2010051063) Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Development of Facilities in San Diego/ Coronado to Support the Homeporting of One NIMITZ Class Aircraft Carrier

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page ES-1 Project Location and Existing Distribution Map ...... ES-7 ES-2 Proposed Freshwater Alternative Habitat Distribution ...... ES-8 ES-3 Proposed Saltwater Alternative Habitat Distribution ...... ES-9 ES-4 Proposed Hybrid Alternative Option A Habitat Distribution ...... ES-10 ES-5 Proposed Hybrid Alternative Option B Habitat Distribution ...... ES-11 ES-6 Potential Offsite Materials Placement Sites ...... ES-31 2-1 Regional Map ...... 2-2 2-2 Project Location and Existing Habitat Distribution Map ...... 2-3 2-3 Land Ownership and Boundaries within Buena Vista Lagoon ...... 2-4 2-4 Proposed Boardwalk Alignment and Concept Plan ...... 2-15 2-5 Carlsbad Boulevard and Existing Cross-Section and Typical Bridge Section for Saltwater and Hybrid Alternatives ...... 2-17 2-6 Proposed Carlsbad Boulevard Bridge Approach Footprint ...... 2-18 2-7 Proposed Freshwater Alternative Habitat Distribution ...... 2-27 2-8 Proposed Saltwater Alternative Habitat Distribution ...... 2-31 2-9 Proposed Hybrid Alternative Option A Habitat Distribution ...... 2-35 2-10 Proposed Hybrid Alternative Option B Habitat Distribution ...... 2-36 2-11 Proposed Hybrid Alternative, Option A Channel Guide ...... 2-38 2-12 Potential Offsite Materials Placement Sites ...... 2-43 2-13 Oceanside Placement Sites ...... 2-44 2-14 North Carlsbad Placement Site ...... 2-45 2-15 Freshwater Alternative Construction Impact Area ...... 2-51 2-16 Saltwater Alternative Construction Impact Area ...... 2-52 2-17 Hybrid Alternatives A & B Construction Impact Area ...... 2-53 2-18 Proposed Construction Access, Haul Routes, and Staging Areas ...... 2-57 2-19 Amphibian Construction Equipment ...... 2-60 2-20 Vector Management ...... 2-81 3.2-1 Surface Hydrology of the Buena Vista Lagoon ...... 3.2-4 3.2-2 FEMA Flood Zones ...... 3.2-9 3.2-3 Year 2015 100-year Storm Inundation ...... 3.2-15 3.3-1 Littoral Cells in the San Diego Region ...... 3.3-4 3.3-2 Wave Exposure Window of Buena Vista Lagoon ...... 3.3-5 3.3-3 Tsunami Inundation Area in Project Vicinity ...... 3.3-7 3.5-1 Regional Conservation Planning within the Biological Survey Area (BSA) ...... 3.5-3

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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Figure Page 3.5-2 Vegetation Communities within the Biological Survey Area (BSA) ...... 3.5-7 3.5-3 Jurisdictional Resources within the Biological Survey Area (BSA) ...... 3.5-11 3.5-4 Special-Status Plants ...... 3.5-12 3.5-5 Special-Status Plants ...... 3.5-13 3.5-6 Nearshore Resources and Proposed Receiver Sites within the Study Area ...... 3.5-22 3.5-7 Sensitive Habitats and Nearshore Resources in Vicinity of Proposed Oceanside Nearshore and Beach Placement Sites ...... 3.5-25 3.5-8 Sensitive Habitats and Nearshore Resources in Vicinity of North Carlsbad Placement Sites ...... 3.5-26 3.5-9 Freshwater Alternative Impacts to Vegetation Communities and Habitats ...... 3.2-33 3.5-10 Freshwater Alternative Impacts to Special-Status Species ...... 3.5-45 3.5-11 Saltwater Alternative Impacts to Vegetation Communities and Habitats ...... 3.5-59 3.5-12 Saltwater Alternative Impacts to Special-Status Species...... 3.5-69 3.5-13 Hybrid Alternative Options A & B Impacts to Vegetation Communities and Habitats ...... 3.5-81 3.5-14 Hybrid Alternative Options A & B Impacts to Special-Status Species ...... 3.5-91 3.7-1 Cultural Area of Potential Effect (APE), Lagoon ...... 3.7-3 3.7-2 Cultural Area of Potential Effect (APE), Oceanside Beach and Nearshore Placement Sites ...... 3.7-4 3.7-3 Cultural Area of Potential Effect (APE), North Carlsbad Placement Site ...... 3.7-5 3.9-1 Key View Location Map ...... 3.9-9 3.9-2 Typical Views of I-5 Basin (Key Views 2, 3, and 4) ...... 3.9-10 3.9-3 Typical Views of Coast Highway Basin (Key Views 1 and 6)...... 3.9-11 3.9-4 Typical Views at Carlsbad Boulevard and Railroad Basin (Key View 5) ...... 3.9-12 3.9-5 Typical Views of Weir Basin and Beach (Key Views 7 and 8)...... 3.9-13 3.9-6 Key View 3 - Simulation - Freshwater and Hybrid Alternatives ...... 3.9-17 3.9-7 Key View 1 - Simulation - Freshwater Alternative ...... 3.9-18 3.9-8 Key View 1 - Simulation - Boardwalk and Bridge ...... 3.9-19 3.9-9 Key View 3 - Simulation - Saltwater Alternative ...... 3.9-23 3.9-10 Key View 1 - Simulation - Saltwater Alternative ...... 3.9-27 3.9-11 Key View 7A - Simulation - Saltwater and Hybrid Alternatives ...... 3.9-28 3.9-12 Key View 7B - Simulation - Saltwater Alternatives ...... 3.9-31 3.9-13 Key View 8 - Simulation - Saltwater and Hybrid Alternatives ...... 3.9-32

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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

Figure Page 3.9-14 Key View 1 - Simulation - Hybrid Alternatives ...... 3.9-33 3.9-15 Key View 7B - Simulation - Hybrid Alternative (Option A) ...... 3.9-37 3.9-16 Key View 8 - Simulation - Pedestrian Bridge Mitigation ...... 3.9-43 3.9-17 Key View 7A - Simulation - Pedestrian Bridge Mitigation ...... 3.9-47 3.12-1 California GHG Emissions by Category...... 3.12-4 3.12-2 Year 2050 100-year Storm Inundation Under Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-9 3.12-3 Year 2100 100-year Storm Inundation Under Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-19 3.12-4 Freshwater Alternative Generalized Habitat Distribution with Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-27 3.12-5 Saltwater Alternative Generalized Habitat Distribution with Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-31 3.12-6 Hybrid A Alternative Generalized Habitat Distribution with Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-32 3.12-7 Hybrid B Alternative Generalized Habitat Distribution with Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-33 3.12-8 No Project Alternative Generalized Habitat Distribution with Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-34 3.13-1 Noise Conditions ...... 3.12-7 5-1 Generalized Cumulative Study Areas ...... 5-3

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page ES-1 Existing and Proposed Habitat Distribution (Acreages) ...... ES-17 ES-2 Hydraulic Connection Summary...... ES-18 ES-3 Materials Removal and Maintenance Requirements ...... ES-19 ES-4 Volume of Vegetation to Be Removed by Basin under Each Alternative ...... ES-29 ES-5 Earthwork Volume by Basin under Each Alternative ...... ES-29 ES-6 Estimated Sand Content Percentage by Basin ...... ES-30 ES-7 Materials Disposal and Reuse Scenarios ...... ES-34 ES-8 Standard Construction Practices ...... ES-38 ES-9 Project Design Features ...... ES-40

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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Table Page ES-10 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... ES-43 1-1 Previous Buena Vista Lagoon Documentation ...... 1-4 1-2 Summary of Public Comments Received during the Public Scoping Process ...... 1-8 1-3 Federal, State, and Local Project Approvals and Permits Required ...... 1-13 1-4 Enhancement Project Regulatory Setting and Applicable Resource Sections ...... 1-14 2-1 Comparison of Alternatives Considered and Justification for Elimination ...... 2-8 2-2 Existing and Proposed Habitat Distribution (Acreages) ...... 2-22 2-3 Hydraulic Connection Summary...... 2-23 2-4 Materials Removal and Maintenance Requirements ...... 2-24 2-5 Volume of Vegetation to Be Removed by Basin under Each Alternative ...... 2-40 2-6 Earthwork Volume by Basin under Each Alternative ...... 2-41 2-7 Estimated Sand Content Percentage by Basin ...... 2-42 2-8 Materials Disposal and Reuse Scenarios ...... 2-48 2-9 Standard Construction Practices ...... 2-55 2-10 Earthwork Quantities by Disposal Options...... 2-61 2-11 Project Design Features ...... 2-71 2-12 Summary of Construction Monitoring Elements and Timing Requirements ...... 2-74 2-13 Anticipated Biological Survey Framework ...... 2-76 3.1-1 Lagoon Enhancement: Consistency with Applicable Land Use Regulations, Plans, or Programs ...... 3.1-12 3.1-2 Materials Placement Policy Consistency ...... 3.1-35 3.1-3 Summary of Potential Mitigation Land Use-1 Impacts ...... 3.1-43 3.2-1 Maximum Flood Elevations under 2015 Mean Sea Level Conditions ...... 3.2-13 3.2-2 Floodplain Acreage for Modeled 100-year Storm Events ...... 3.2-14 3.2-3 Average Residence Time during Dry Weather for Year 2015 ...... 3.2-18 3.3-1 Previously Permitted Volumes at Proposed Placement Sites ...... 3.2-12 3.3-2 2001 RBSP Beach Widths Over Time at Oceanside and North Carlsbad Sites ...... 3.2-13 3.4-1 Sediment Contaminant Concentrations...... 3.4-9 3.4-2 Potential Construction-Phase BMPs ...... 3.4-17

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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Table Page 3.4-3 Average Residence Time for Freshwater Alternative (post-enhancement condition) ...... 3.4-22 3.4-4 Average Residence Time for Saltwater Alternative (post-enhancement condition) ...... 3.4-27 3.4-5 Wet Weather Bacteria Exceedances for Saltwater Alternative ...... 3.4-29 3.4-6 Dry Weather Bacteria Exceedances for Saltwater Alternative ...... 3.4-29 3.4-7 Average Residence Time for Hybrid Alternative (post-enhancement condition) ...... 3.4-34 3.4-8 Wet Weather Bacteria Exceedances for Hybrid Alternative, Option B ...... 3.4-36 3.4-9 Dry Weather Bacteria Exceedances for Hybrid Alternative, Option B ...... 3.4-36 3.4-10 Estimated Range and Average Turbidity Plumes for Materials Placement Sites ...... 3.4-41 3.5-1 Vegetation Communities and Other Cover Types within the BSA (Acres) ...... 3.5-5 3.5-2 Potential Waters of the U.S. and State Occurring within the BSA ...... 3.5-9 3.5-3 Temporary Direct Impacts to Vegetation Communities, Freshwater Alternative (acres)1 ...... 3.5-31 3.5-4 Existing and Proposed Habitat Distribution (acres)1 ...... 3.5-35 3.5-5 Temporary Direct Project Impacts to Special-Status Wildlife Species Habitat, Freshwater Alternative (acres)1 ...... 3.5-47 3.5-6 Freshwater Alternative Existing and Post-Implementation Acreage of Suitable Habitat for Special-Status Wildlife Species (acres)1 ...... 3.5-51 3.5-7 Temporary Direct Impacts to Vegetation Communities, Saltwater Alternative (acres)1 ...... 3.5-61 3.5-8 Temporary Direct Project Impacts to Potential Jurisdictional Wetlands and Waters, Saltwater Alternative (acres)1 ...... 3.5-62 3.5-9 Temporary Direct Project Impacts to Special-Status Wildlife Species Habitat, Saltwater Alternative (acres)1 ...... 3.5-71 3.5-10 Saltwater Alternative Existing and Post-Implementation Acreage of Suitable Habitat for Special-Status Wildlife Species (acres)1 ...... 3.5-75 3.5-11 Temporary Direct Impacts to Vegetation Communities, Hybrid Alternative (Options A and B) (acres)1 ...... 3.5-80 3.5-12 Temporary Direct Project Impacts to Potential Jurisdictional Wetlands and Waters, Hybrid Alternative (Options A and B) (acres)1 ...... 3.5-85

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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Table Page 3.5-13 Temporary Direct Project Impacts to Special-Status Wildlife Species Habitat, Hybrid Alternative (Options A and B) (acres)1 ...... 3.5-90 3.5-14 Hybrid Alternative (Options A and B) Existing and Post-Implementation Acreage of Suitable Habitat for Special-Status Wildlife Species (acres)1 ...... 3.5-96 3.5-15 Estimated Direct Impact Acreage from Materials Placement ...... 3.5-103 3.5-16 Summary of Impacts to Biological Resources by Alternative ...... 3.5-112 3.7-1 Archaeological Sites within 300 Meters of the Project Study Area ...... 3.7-9 3.8-1 Geologic Formation Characteristics and Paleontological Resource Sensitivity ...... 3.8-3 3.9-1 List of Key Views ...... 3.9-7 3.9-2 Representative Viewers at Materials Placement Sites ...... 3.9-8 3.10-1 Existing (2014) Street Segment Capacity Analysis ...... 3.10-4 3.10-2 Principal Access Routes ...... 3.10-5 3.10-3 Traffic Impact Significance Thresholds ...... 3.10-6 3.10-4 Project Trip Generation Freshwater Alternative – Weir Basin ...... 3.10-9 3.10-5 Project Trip Generation Freshwater Alternative – Railroad and Coast Highway Basins ...... 3.10-10 3.10-6 Project Trip Generation Freshwater Alternative – I-5 Basin ...... 3.10-10 3.10-7 Project Trip Generation Saltwater Alternative – Weir Basin ...... 3.10-13 3.10-8 Project Trip Generation Saltwater Alternative – Railroad and Coast Highway Basins ...... 3.10-13 3.10-9 Project Trip Generation Saltwater Alternative – I-5 Basin ...... 3.10-14 3.10-10 Project Trip Generation Hybrid Alternative, Option A and Option B – Weir Basin ...... 3.10-17 3.10-11 Project Trip Generation Hybrid Alternative, Option A and Option B – Railroad and Coast Highway Basins...... 3.10-18 3.10-12 Project Trip Generation Hybrid Alternative, Option A and Option B – I-5 Basin ...... 3.10-19 3.11-1 National and California Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 3.11-4 3.11-2 San Diego Air Basin Attainment Designations ...... 3.11-12 3.11-3 Ambient Air Quality Summary – Camp Pendleton and Escondido Monitoring Stations ...... 3.11-13 3.11-4 Regional Pollutant Emission Screening Level Thresholds of Significance...... 3.11-15

Buena Vista Lagoon Enhancement Project Final EIR Page xiii September 2017 Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Table Page 3.11-5 Estimated Daily Construction Emissions – Freshwater Alternative ...... 3.11-17 3.11-6 Estimated Daily Construction Emissions – Saltwater ...... 3.11-23 3.11-7 Estimated Daily Operations and Maintenance Emissions – Saltwater ...... 3.11-25 3.11-8 Estimated Daily Construction Emissions – Hybrid ...... 3.11-27 3.11-9 Estimated Daily Operations and Maintenance Emissions – Hybrid Alternative...... 3.11-29 3.11-10 Mitigated Daily Construction Emissions ...... 3.11-33 3.12-1 Construction-Related GHG Emissions -- Freshwater Alternative ...... 3.12-11 3.12-2 Construction-Related GHG Emissions -- Saltwater Alternative ...... 3.12-14 3.12-3 Construction-Related GHG Emissions -- Hybrid Alternative ...... 3.12-16 3.12-4 Modeled 100-Year Storm Event Water Elevations with Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-21 3.12-5 Projected Future Habitat Distributions (2050 and 2100) under Sea Level Rise ...... 3.12-25 3.13-1 Typical Noise Levels ...... 3.13-2 3.13-2 Traffic Noise Contours – Existing Conditions...... 3.13-5 3.13-3 Ambient Noise Measurements – Buena Vista Lagoon ...... 3.13-6 3.13-4 Existing Noise Environment at the Materials Placement Sites ...... 3.13-9

3.13-5 Maximum Allowable 1-Hour Average Sound Level (dBA Leq) ...... 3.13-11 3.13-6 Noise Levels of Typical Construction Equipment ...... 3.13-16 3.13-7 Groundborne Vibration and Noise Levels for Typical Construction Equipment ...... 3.13-20 4-1 Significance Conclusions by Alternative ...... 4-2 4-2 Benefits to Flooding Risk per Alternative ...... 4-8 4-3 Changes in Residence Time ...... 4-9 5-1 Cumulative Projects List ...... 5-4

Page xiv Buena Vista Lagoon Enhancement Project Final EIR September 2017